Animal experiment is one of the most important method in life science research. In this article,factors affecting the results of animal experiment were summarized,which include laboratory animal,environment,nutrition,chemicals,isolation and feeding density,transportation,grasping and fixing,microbiology,society and people etc.

Objective To evaluate the role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal tuberculosis. Methods We had conducted video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and acute pathological examinations for diagnosing and treating esophageal tuberculosis in 8 patients from June 1996 to April 2004. Results All the 8 patents were clarified as having secondary esophageal tuberculosis (Six of them had been misdiagnosed as having esophageal tumors preoperatively). A lymphoidectomy was carried out in 5 patents and a focus debridement, in 3 patents. The duration of procedure was 30~50 min (mean, 45 min). The intraoperative blood loss was 50~100 ml (mean, 80 ml). Postoperatively, pleural effusion occurred in 2 patients and wound infection took place in 1. Follow-up for 5~27 months (mean, 15 months) in 7 patients revealed a remarkable relief of dysphagia and no recurrence. Conclusions VATS in combination with acute pathological examinations is a rapid, safe, accurate and minimally invasive alternative for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal tuberculosis.

Chemokines play pleiotropic roles in the pathology of Alzheimer′s disease(AD),a chronic inflammatory disease of central nervous system.The neuropathological features of AD include neurofibrillary tangles,amyloid plaques,neuroinflammation,and neuronal synaptic loss.Chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of AD by activating or regulating inflammatory cells or glial cells,playing dual key roles of the pro-and anti-inflammatory properties in AD.The levels of chemokines in serum,cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue of AD patients are changed accordingly.This review summarizes the role of chemokines and their receptors in AD in the biological activities and unveils the changing rules,aiming to provide new strategies for clinical treatment of AD.

Objective To compare the effect of enteral nutrition by jejunum colostomy nutrition infusion pump of patients after Whipple surgery as well as reduce adverse reactions in patients.Methods Sixty-five cases with the implementation of Whipple and jejunum of colostomy were selected as our subjects,who were hospitalized in the Affiliated hospital of Hebei United University from Feb.2009 to Nov.2013.All patients were divided into observation group (33 cases) and control group (32 cases) according to the methods of nutrient input.Patients in observation group were given nutrition infusion pump pumping (15 to 50 ml/h) ;and patients in control group were adopted disposable infusion connection infusion with the speed of 30 drops/min with the thermostat heating temperature and the water pipe.The blood glucose,serum albumin,blood electrolyte concentration of postoperative,and the adverse reactions during input nutrient solution including vomiting,abdominal distention,diarrhea and other adverse circumstance were recorded.Results At 1st,3rd,5th day,there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the levels of glucose,blood albumin,blood C1,Na +,K + between two groups(blood glucose:F inner grouP =3.01,P ＞ 0.05 ; F between group =2.90,P ＞ 0.05 ; F cross group =2.87,P ＞ 0.05 ; serum albumin:F inner group =2.94,P ＞ 0.05 ; F between group =2.89,P ＞ 0.05 ; F cross group =2.76,P ＞ 0.05 ; blood Cl:F inner group =1.78,P ＞ 0.05 ; F between group =1.96,P ＞ 0.05 ; F cross group =1.88,P ＞ 0.05 ; blood Na +:F inner group =1.06,P ＞ 0.05 ; F between group =1.35,P ＞ 0.05 ; F cross group =1.27,P ＞ 0.05 ; blood K +:F inner group =3.12,P ＞ 0.05 ; F between group =3.04,P ＞ 0.05 ; F cross group =2.93,P ＞ 0.05).There were significant differences regarding of the rate of vomiting,abdominal distention,diarrhea and other adverse conditions compared with the infusion enteral nutrition has good clinical effect,postoperative blood (x2 =4.029,4.381,4.905 respectively; P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The methods of colostomy enteral nutrition with infusion pump after Whipple surgery is proved to be with the better clinical effect in reducing postoperative vomiting,abdominal distention,diarrhea and other adverse conditions compared with the infusion enteral nutrition,and there are no significant difference in the terms of the levels of glucose,blood albumin,blood Cl,Na +,K +.

Objective To understand the prevalence and distribution features of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)among elderly in Xinjiang Uygur and Han ethnic groups so as to provide evidence for etiological study and prevention. Methods From July 2007 to October 2008, according to the criteria of DSM-IV for MCI,a randomized, stratified and cluster sampling procedure was used in the Uygur and Han elder people aged ≥60 years in south Xinjiang, east Xinjiang and Urumchi region. Results A total of 2986 people were surveyed, including 1519 Uygur people and 1467 Han people, and 1435 males and 1551 females. (1) According to the age composition of national census in 2000, the total crude prevalence rate of MCI was 10.21%, and the total standardized prevalence rate of MCI was 10.58% in Uygur and Han elder people. In general Uygur and Han population, the crude prevalence rates of MCI were 9.61% and 10.84%, and the standardized prevalence rates of MCI were 10.29%and 10.86%, respectively. The prevalence of MCI was higher in Han population than in Uygur population, but there was no statistical difference(χ~2 = 1.225, P>0.05). (2) In males and females, the crude prevalence rates of MCI were 9.34% and 11.03%, and the standardized prevalence rates of MCI were 9.26% and 11.62%, respectively. There was no difference in prevalence rate between different sex populations(χ~2 =2.314,P>0.05). (3) In elder people aged 60～69, 70～79 and≥80 years, the MCI prevalence rates were 6.83%, 13.22% and 22.22% in Uygur population and 8.64%, 12.50% and 19.30% in Han population, respectively, and the prevalence rate of MCI was increased with aging in the two thnic roups(χ_(for trend)~2=34.753, 14.081, both P<0.05). (4)There were statistical differences in prevalence rates of MCI among different education levels, and it was decreased with enhancement of education levels in Uygur and Han population(χ_(for trend) = 14.785, 21.059, both P<0.05). Conclusions In Xinjiang Uygur and Han ethnic elderly people, the prevalence rates of MCI are significantly different among elderly with different ages and education levels, and it is increased with aging, but is decreased with enhancement of education levels.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of setting nasojejunal nutrition tube in Whipple operation,which can promote patient recovery and prevent complications.Methods Fourty-one patients were undergone Whipple operation and they were randomly divided into eternal nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition group (PN).Patients in EN group were set nasojejunal nutrition tube during Whipple operation in order to supply eternal nutrition at earlier period,while in PN group were supplied parenteral nutrition in earlier period.The operative procedure time,the complication in post-operation,the cost of hospitalization and the periods of hospitalization of two groups were recorded.The scores of nutritional status were measured.Results The operative time in EN group and PN group were (200.71 ±51.33)min and (160.48 ± 47.62) min,and no significant difference was found between two groups (t =-1.524,P ＞ 0.05).The hospitalization expenses in EN group was (38835.65 ± 537.69)yuan,lower than that in PN group ((47833.18 ±659.24) yuan,t =2.073,P ＜ 0.05).The hospital periods of EN group and PN group were 10 (3) d and 18(3) d,and the difference was significant (Z =-5.374,P ＜0.001).There were 2 cases who occurred complications after operation in EN group,including 1 cases with incision infection,and 1 cases of pancreatic fistula.Nine cases occurred complications in PN group,including 3 cases with incision infection,2 cases with pancreatic fistula,2 cases with pulmonary infection,2 cases with gastric paralysis,and all were cured by conservative treatment.There was statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications (P =0.027).All cases with complication were recovery after corresponding treatment.At 7th day after operation,hemoglobin in EN group and PN group were (113.09 ± 12.35) g/L and (107.04 ± 11.81) g/L,and the difference was significant (t =2.035,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of retinol binding protein,serumalbumin,serum prealbumin,serum transferrin in EN group were (42.62 ± 5.64) mg/L,(40.24 ± 6.79) g/L,(321.43±31.28) mg/L,(32.86±4.67) mg/L,(32.86 ±4.67) mg/L,significant different from those in PN group ((15.50 ± 4.26) mg/L,(31.52 ± 5.92) g/L; (197.86 ± 37.71) mg/L,(23.59 ± 4.32) mg/L; t=2.398,2.606,2.119,2.569; P ＜0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Nutritional status and prognosis are improved obviously by setting nasojejunal nutrition tube in Whipple operation.And the cost of hospitalization,the periods of hospitalization are decrease.

Abstract: Objective To conduct genotyping and molecular tracing analysis on Plasmodium vivax samples from a cluster of P. vivax malaria outbreak in order to provide a reference for case geographical origin determination. Methods Blood samples from 4 patients in a vivax malaria cluster in Longhui County, Hunan Province from June to July 2018 were collected for species identification by qPCR, and 9 microsatellite molecular markers were used to genotype the parasite strains from four samples. The population genetic STRUCTURE analysis was performed based on the VivaxGEN-MS microsatellite genotype database of P. vivax in the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network, to determine the genetic subgroups and geographical origin of the strains. Results By qPCR, all 4 cases were identified as Plasmodium vivax infection, and 9 microsatellite loci of the 4 cases were successfully typed, and the four samples had different genetic haplotypes, among which case 1, case 3, and case 4 were infected by a single clonal strain, and case 2 was infected by a polyclonal strain. When all P. vivax samples were divided into 2 subpopulations (K=2) by STURCTURE analysis, 4 Hunan samples were classified into tropical genetic subpopulations (comprising strains from Ethiopia, Iran, Bhutan, Malaysia, Indonesia, and southern China). When the samples were divided into 4 subgroups by STURCTURE analysis (K=4), the 4 Hunan samples were classified as South Asian/Southeast Asian genetic subgroups (originating from Bhutan, Malaysia, Indonesia, and southern China). Conclusions The results of molecular tracing do not support that the 4 P. vivax strains in this outbreak originated from the population of central China. The technology of molecular tracing of P. vivax can provide objective evidence for determining the source of infection in malaria cases during the stage of malaria elimination and post-elimination.

Objective To evaluate 18F-FDG hPET/CT in the diagnosis of postoperative recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Methods GE HAWKEYE coincidence SPECT was carried out in 81 colorectal cancer patients with suspected recurrence or metastasis after intravenous injection of 259 ~ 298 MBq (7-8 mCi) 18F-FDG. The acquired data were reconstructed using iterative algorithm and attenuation-corrected X-ray. The results were compared with the final diagnosis established by histological examination of resected specimens、and clinical follow-up. Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV)was 93% (57/61)、80% (16/20)、93% (57/61)、80% (16/20) for 18F-FDG hPET/CT respectively. For conventional CT the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV was 67% (37/55)、73% (19/26)、84% (37/44)、51% (19/37) respectively; 18F-FDG hPET/CT detected 91 recurrent or metastatic lesions whereas only 46 lesions were detected by conventional CT in 65 patients. Conclusions 18 F-FDG hPET/CT has unique value in the diagnosis of recurrence and metastasis in postoperative colorectal cancer patients which was superior to conventional CT. Combined 18 F-FDG coincidence imaging with localizing CT improves the detection and localization of postoperative recurrence and/or metastasis in colorectal cancer patients.

Objective:To investigate the expression of annexin 5 in rat testis after removing submandibular gland in rats. Methods:On day 14,28 and 42 after the operation,the changes of annexin 5 expression in rat testis were analyzed by Western blot and Immunohistochemistry.Results:Western blot showed that there was a 27.5% and a 35.2% significant increase(P

ObjectiveTo study the Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in AIDS patients at different age grades. MethodsThe ECG of 400 AIDS patients at different age were analyzed retrospectively. Results(①)The rate of abnormal ECG in the age group of 46 ～50 years was significantly higher than 11 ～ 15(P =0. 008) ,21 ～25( P = 0. 041 ),31 ～ 35 ( P = 0. 022 ),41 ～ 45 ( P = 0. 001 ) and 51 ～ 55 ( P = 0. 047 ) years groups respectively. (②)The rate of bradyarrhythmia in the age group of 46 ～ 50 years was significantly higher than 31 ～ 35 (U = 2. 44) ,36 -40( U = 2. 18 ) ,41 ～ 45 ( U = 2. 57 ) years groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 respectively. (③)The rate of left atrial and ventricular hypertrophy in 11 ～ 15 years group was significantly lower than the age groups older than 46 (except for 51 ～ 55years group) ;those aged ＞60 had higher atrial and ventricular hypertrophy rate than 36 ～40,41 ～45 and 51 ～55years groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 respectively). ConclusionsAIDS patients at all ages may present abnormal ECG, which is positively correlated with age.