Objective To discuss the diagnosis and management of adrenal cortical carcinoma. Methods 12 cases of adrenal cortical carcinoma were evaluated with regard to clinical,pathologic characteristics and prognosis.Of the 12 patients,6 were male and 6 were female with an average age of 37.The tumor was functional in 4 and nonfunctional in 8.The tumor was on the right side in 10 and on the left in 2.The diameter of the tumor was 3～30 cm.3 cases were Sullivan stage Ⅰ,3 stage Ⅱ,2 stage Ⅲ and 4 stage Ⅳ. Results Tolal ablation of the tumor has been conducted in 11 and biopsy only in 1.Estrogen receptor expression was positive in 5 out of 7 as deteted by immunohistochemistry assay.Five patient died within 1.5 years after operation whereas the other 7 are still surviving including 5 administered with tamoxifen. Conclusions Adrenal cortical carcinoma may be an estrogen-dependant tumor,so tamoxifen is an effective adjuvant drug in the treatment.Tumor size and stage appear to be strongly correlated with prognosis,larger size and higher stage are associated with a poor prognosis.

0.05).Compared with electrocautery resection group, more cases in HoLRBT group obtained accurate tumor stages, less cases needed bladder perfusion and had bladder perforation ( P

Objectives: To investigate the distribution of common pathogens and their antibiotic resistance from patiens with catheter related sepsis (CRS).Methods: Catheter bacteria cultrure and antibiotic sensitivity test were performed from 69 patiens with CRS.Results: The common pathogens in CRS were fungi (41.1%),Gram-positive cocci (35.6%)and Gram-negtive bacilli (23.3%). Non-C. albicans species were major pathogen (19/30 stranins).The most strains were staphylococcus epidermidis in Gram-positive cocci and the most of them were Methicillin resistant.No vancomycin resistant strains were found. The Gram negative bacilli were often resistant to third generation cephalosporens.Conclusions: The dorminant pathogens of CRS are fungi and gram positive cocci and we should pay more attention to pathogens of resistence to antibiotics. In order to control CRS, CVC must be used reasonably and shorten the duration of retention.

OBJECTIVETo probe into and improve the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in the male genital system.

METHODSFifteen patients with the male genital system TB established by microbiological and pathological examinations were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSThe male genital system TB was diagnosed by history, physical examination, semen analysis, TB culture and biopsy. Treatment consisted of antituberculous chemotherapy for all the patients before and/or after operation, including 5 cases of epididymectomy and 6 cases of orchi-epididymectomy.

CONCLUSIONThe male genital system TB tends to be atypical and semen polymerase chain reaction of TB (TB-PCR) may provide a new specific means for diagnosis in case of clinical suspicion. Surgical approaches should be cautiously adopted, especially for young patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Male Genital ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To report initial experience and the indications of retroperitoneal laparoscop- ic partial nephrectomy.Methods From December 2001 to October 2005,23 patients (including 14 cases of renal cell carcinoma,5 of hamartoma and 4 of duplex kidney) underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic par- tial nephrectomy.One of the patients had solitary kidney.Results All the operations were successful ex- cept for only 1 requiring conversion to laparoscopic nephrectomy because of bleeding resulting from blocking anterior branch of renal artery.The mean operative time was 121 min (60-240 min),and mean ischemic time was 32 min (20-55 min).The estimated bleeding volume ranged from 100 ml to 300 ml,and no pa- tient needed blood transfusion.Pathology showed negative surgical margins in 14 cases of renal cell carcinoma and confirmed the diagnosis of hamartoma in 5 cases.One patient with duplex kidney required open partial nephrectomy because of renal cystic mass resulting from incomplete resection.Conclusions Retroperito- neal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy offers a new effective and minimally invasive treatment for selected pa- tients with renal mass.The long-term effects of the procedure need further investigation.

Objective:To explore the association between different feeding patterns, emotional states, and salivary oxytocin (OT) levels during breastfeeding.Methods:From January to December 2019, 153 pairs of 3-month-old infants and their mothers were recruited from 4 maternal and child health hospitals in Chongqing, Liuzhou, Dalian and Hangzhou in China.Saliva samples were collected from the mothers at the first 5 minutes of feeding, 5 minutes during feeding, and 10 minutes after feeding.Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) was used to evaluate maternal depression.Infants were divided into exclusive breastfeeding group and artificial feeding group according to feeding patterns.ELISA of salivary oxytocin was performed by ELISA kits, and the OT levels measured at the 3 time points were converted using linear interpolation.Area under the curve with respect to ground(OTAUCG) was used to represent the total concentration of salivary OT during the mother's breastfeeding.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Multiple linear regression analysis and two factors analysis of variance were used to explore the association between different feeding methods, emotional state and salivary oxytocin during breastfeeding.Results:The results of the two factors analysis of variance showed that the interaction between feeding pattern and mother's emotion was not significant ( F=2.440, P=0.120), the main effect of mother's emotion was not significant ( F=0.380, P=0.539), and the main effect of feeding style was significant ( F=3.350, P=0.021). The level of OTAUCG under pure breastfeeding ((151 561.47±75 738.11) pg/mL) was higher than that under artificial feeding ((122 269.03±65 029.88) pg/mL), and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in OTAUCG levels between mothers with normal emotions ((146 106.37±75 106.76) pg/mL) and mothers with depressed emotions ((129 079.56±67 565.87) pg/mL) ( P=0.221). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that artificial feeding had a negative predictive effect on maternal salivary OT levels compared to exclusive breastfeeding( β=-0.211, t=-2.513, P=0.013). Conclusion:Feeding pattern is a factor that affects the mother's salivary OT level, and breastfeeding can improve the mother's OT level.