Objective To research the activated brain areas of decision making under uncertainty reward processing on healthy volunteers.Method The E-Prime programs were presented 3 kinds of tasks of the decision under uncertain reward processing.15 right-handed healthy volunteers made a response after receiving the task.At the same time,the GE 3.0T magnetic resonance scanner scanned the brains areas of subjects.Individual analysis and group analysis was done with SPM8 software,then the brain activating regions and the peak intensity were gotten.Results Orbitofrontal cortex was activated in certainty,peak intensity 2.4328 ± 0.1949 (P ＜ 0.05).Prefrontal cortex,occipital lobe,parietal lobe,posterior lobe of cerebellum,limbic lobe and midbrain were activated under the risk reward processing,peak intensity 2.4228 ± 1.3762 (P ＜ 0.05).When under ambiguity reward processing,prefrontal cortex,temporal lobe,occipital lobe,left inferior frontal gyrus and posterior lobe of cerebellum were activated,peak intensity 2.4056 ± 0.4222 (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the task under certainty,posterior lobe of cerebellum,gyri subtemporalis and gyri fusiformis,inferior parietal lobule,anterior central convolution,orbitofrontal cortex,ventrolateral prefrontal cortex,both frontopolar and supramarginal gyrus were activated in task under risk (P ＜0.05) ;and both frontopolar were activated in task under ambiguity (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the task under risk,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior lobe of cerebellum were activated in task under ambiguity (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There are differences in different types of reward processing of decision making.

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) levels and metabolism related fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) .Methods:230 patients with T2DM and MAFLD in Zhangjiakou First Hospital from Feb. 2019 to Feb. 2021 were selected. According to their disease conditions, 80 patients with T2DM and without MAFLD were set as simple T2DM group, 78 patients with MAFLD and normal glucose tolerance were set as simple MAFLD group, 72 patients with T2DM and MAFLD were set as T2DM and MAFLD group, and 100 healthy volunteers in the same period were selected as the control group.Results:The levels of HOMA-IR and FABP4 in T2DM patients were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05) , while the levels of HDL-C, crea and PPAR γ in T2DM grou were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05) . The levels of BMI, AST, alt, GGT, TG, HOMA-IR and FABP4 in MAFLD group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05) , while the level of PPAR γ in MAFLD group was significantly lower than that in control group ( P<0.05) . BMI, AST, alt, GGT, TG, HOMA-IR and FABP4 of T2DM patients with MAFLD were significantly higher than those of T2DM patients without MAFLD and control group ( P<0.05) , while HDL-C and PPAR γ were significantly lower than those of T2DM patients without MAFLD and control group ( P<0.05) . HOMA-IR and FABP4 in T2DM patients with MAFLD were significantly higher than those in MAFLD group ( P<0.05) , while HDL-C, crea and PPAR γ were significantly lower than those in MAFLD group ( P<0.05) . FABP4 was positively correlated with HOMA-IR and CREA (all P<0.05) , and negatively correlated with HDL-Cand PPAR γ (all P<0.05) . PPAR γ was positively correlated with TG and ALT (all P<0.05) , and negatively correlated with HOMA-IR ( P<0.05) . Alt, TG, HOMA-IR, FABP4 and PPAR γ were independent risk factors for MAFLD in T2DM patients ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:FABP4 is positively correlated with the occurrence of T2DM and MAFLD, PPAR γ is negatively correlated with the occurrence of T2DM and MAFLD, the negative feedback loop regulation of FABP4 and PPAR γ can cause the occurrence of insulin resistance, so as to improve the risk of T2DM combined with MAFLD, and provide clinical basis for clinical disease prevention and treatment.

Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma is rare and is classified either as conventional type or inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT)-like variant. Extranodal presentation is uncommon and nearly all gastrointestinal FDC tumors are of the conventional type. IPT-like variant tumors occur almost exclusively in the liver and spleen and are consistently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Here we report the case of a 78-year-old woman with an IPT-like FDC sarcoma presenting as a pedunculated colonic polyp. Histologically, scanty atypical ovoid to spindle cells were mixed with a background of florid lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, which led to an initial misdiagnosis of pseudolymphoma. These atypical cells expressed CD21, CD23, CD35, and D2-40, and were positive for EBV by in situ hybridization, confirming the diagnosis. The patient was free of disease five months after polypectomy without adjuvant therapy. Although extremely rare, the differential diagnosis for colonic polyp should include FDC sarcoma to avoid an erroneous diagnosis. A review of the 24 cases of IPT-like FDC sarcoma reported in the literature reveal that this tumor occurs predominantly in females with a predilection for liver and spleen, and has a strong association with EBV.
Aged ; Colonic Polyps* ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular* ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Liver ; Pseudolymphoma ; Sarcoma ; Spleen ; Taiwan

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Sizi Powder （四子散， SP） orientation osmotherapy in the treatment of stroke patients with hemiplegia. MethodsIn this study， 94 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group with 47 patients in each group. The control group received conventional treatment， nursing and rehabilitation training， while the treatment group was treated with SP orientation osmotherapy in addition to the treatments in the control group. The treatment consisted of 20 minutes per session， once daily， 5 times a week， 2 weeks per course， with a total of 2 courses. Before the intervention， after 2 weeks intervention and after 4 weeks intervention， the upper limb motor function was evaluated by using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment （U-FMA）. The modified Ashworth Scale （MAS） was used to assess upper limb spasticity， and joint range of motion was measured for shoulder flexion， extension， abduction， internal rotation， external rotation， elbow flexion， wrist palmar flexion， dorsiflexion， ulnar deviation， and radial deviation. Clinical efficacy for spasticity was evaluated after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. Skin conditions， including burns， allergic reactions， and blisters， were monitored during the treatment process. ResultsA total of 44 patients in the treatment group and 45 patients in the control group completed the study. The results showed that after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention， the U-FMA scores of both groups increased， with the treatment group showing higher scores than the control group （P＜0.05）. After 4 weeks of treatment， the MAS score distribution improved significantly in both groups （P＜0.05）， although no significant difference was found between the groups after 2 and 4 weeks treatment（P＞0.05）. The total effective rate of spasticity clinical efficacy in the treatment group after 2 and 4 weeks was 15.91% （7/44） and 40.91% （18/44）， respectively， while in the control group， it was 11.11% （5/45） and 22.22% （10/45）. There was no significant difference after 2 weeks treatment （P＞0.05）， but the treatment group showed a significantly higher total effective rate after 4 weeks treatment （P＜0.05）. After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment， the joint range of motion in the upper limbs was greater in both groups （P＜0.05）. After 2 weeks of intervention， the treatment group showed greater range of motion in shoulder flexion， extension， and abduction than the control group， and after 4 weeks of intervention， the treatment group demonstrated greater range of motion in shoulder flexion， extension， abduction， internal rotation， external rotation， and elbow flexion compared to the control group （P＜0.05）. During the treatment， one patient in the treatment group experienced mild skin allergy， while no other severe adverse reactions， such as intense pain， itching， blisters， or infection， were observed in any patients. ConclusionSP orientation osmotherapy can effectively improve upper limb motor function and joint range of motion in stroke patients with hemiplegia. After 4 weeks of treatment， it can reduce upper limb spasticity and improve clinical efficacy， with good safety.

OBJECTIVETo measure peripheral serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and matrix metalloproteinase 19 (MMP19) in patients with pneumoconiosis, and to investigate their feasibility as potential biomarkers for pneumoconiosis.

METHODSNinety-eight male patients with pneumoconiosis (49 patients in phase I, 36 patients in phase II, and 13 patients in phase III) were enrolled as subjects, which included 41 patients with silicosis and 57 patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Ninety-eight healthy male physical examinees were used as controls. A fasting blood sample (3 ml) was collected from the peripheral venous blood of each patient or control, and the serum was separated from the blood sample. The expression levels of MMP9 and MMP19 in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSSerum levels of MMP9 and MMP19 in patients with silicosis or coal workers' pneumoconiosis were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Serum levels of MMP19 in patients with silicosis were significantly higher than those in patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (P < 0.05). Serum levels of MMP19 in patients exposed to dust for less than 7 years were significantly higher than those in patients exposed to dust for more than 20 years (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum levels of MMP9 and MMP19 between patients with different levels of pulmonary function impairment (P > 0.05). Serum expression levels of MMP9 and MMP19 were positively correlated with each other in both patients with pneumoconiosis and those in the control group (P < 0.05). The serum expression level of MMP9 was negatively correlated with the stage of pneumoconiosis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSerum MMP9 and MMP19 may be used as potential biomarkers for pneumoconiosis.

Anthracosis ; enzymology ; Biomarkers ; Coal Mining ; Dust ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted ; blood ; Occupational Exposure ; Pneumoconiosis ; blood ; enzymology ; Silicosis ; enzymology

Objective:To investigate correlation between neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs) formation and T cell subsets in mice with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis(EAT) and the impact of active vitamin D intervention.Methods:Six-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into Control group, EAT group and 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D 3[1, 25(OH) 2D 3] treatment group(VitD group; n=6/group). HE staining was used to observe thyroid pathology. Plasma thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb), and 1, 25(OH) 2D 3 were measured by ELISA. Peripheral NETs formation, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell ratio from spleen were measured by flow cytometry. Correlation between NETs formation rate and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell ratio was analyzed. Results:Compared with Control group, mice in EAT group had significantly increased thyroid inflammation scores, thyroiditis morbidity, TPOAb, TGAb levels, NETs formation rate, Th2(CD4 + IL-4 + or CD4 + IL-13 + )and Th17 cell proportions( P were <0.001, 0.002, 0.007, <0.001, <0.001, 0.003, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively), and significant decreased 1, 25(OH) 2D 3, Th1 cell proportions, Th1/Th2(CD4 + IL-4 + ), Th1/Th2(CD4 + IL-13 + ), and Th1/Th17 ratios( P were 0.010, 0.018, 0.010, 0.005, and 0.007, respectively). Compared with the EAT group, the VitD group had lower thyroid inflammation scores, TPOAb, TGAb levels, NETs formation rate, Th2(CD4 + IL-4 + or CD4 + IL-13 + ) and Th17 cell proportions( P were 0.044, 0.007, <0.001, 0.001, 0.014, 0.008, and 0.001, respectively), and significant higher Th1 cell ratio, Th1/Th2(CD4 + IL-13 + ) and Th1/Th17 ratio( P were 0.011, 0.009, and 0.003, respectively). The Th1/Th2(CD4 + IL-4 + ) was not significantly increased in VitD group compared with EAT group( P=0.174). NETs formation rate was positively correlated with Th2(CD4 + IL-4 + or CD4 + IL-13 + ) and Th17 cell proportion( r were 0.65, 0.59, and 0.61; and P were 0.004, 0.010, and 0.007, respectively), but not with Th1 cell proportion( r=-0.47, P=0.051). Conclusion:EAT mice were more prone to NETs formation. Active vitamin D may relieve immune imbalance with increased Th2 and Th17 cell ratio and decreased Th1 cell ratio by reducing the formation of NETs in EAT mice. Vitamin D played the protective role in thyroid by reducing thyroid pathological damage and thyroid autoantibody levels, and relived overall lymphocyte imbalance.