Serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) of the rat were identified by light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry methods. Serotoninlike immunoreactive (5-HT-li) neurous were large multipolar and fusiform cells which mainly located in the ventrocaudal part of the NRM. With electron microscopic immunocytochemistry the following findings were revealed: 1. Immunostaining was present in the cytoplasmic matrix, outer membrane of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies and vesicles. Some nuclei of the cells were stained. 2.5-HT-li somata, dendrites and axons were postsynaptic to numerous unlabeled terminals which contained clear round vesicles (20-30 nm) or mixed with small granular vesicles (40-70 nm), large granular vesicles (90-110 nm) and flat clear vesicles. 3. The 5-HT-li axons were unmyelinated fibers, and the 5-HT-li axon terminals were scarce in the NRM. 4.5-HT-li axon terminals and dendrites abutting on capillaries and 5-HT-li dendrite-glial direct appositions were found in the NRM.These results revealed the ultrastructural characteristics of 5-HT-li neuron in the NRM. The variety of unlabeled terminals making contact with 5-HT-li somata and dendrites suggests that several neuronal system with possibly different transmitters may regulate 5-HT raphe-spinal neurons which may play integrative role in the NRM. Tae relationship between 5-HT neuron and the significance of the local microcirculation and the relationship between 5-HT neurons and glia cells were also discussed in the present paper.

Substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-li) cell bodies and processes and their synaptic relations with other neural elements in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) of rats were studied by electron microscope. The results showed that SP-li neurons are fusiform, oval and multipolar cells which distribute evenly over the nucleus. Immunostaining was present in the cytoplasmic matrix and membranes of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles. Both unmyelinated and myelinated SP-li axons are found in the NRM. SP-li dendrites are numerous in the NRM. SP-li dendrites and somata are contacted by a variety of round, flat and granular vesicle-containing terminals. A central SP-li dendrite receivie convergent inputs from unlabelled axonal boutons is frequently seen in the NRM. SP-li terminals are presynaptic to the unlabelled dendrites, also some SP-li terminals are apposed or presynaptic to SP-li dendrites. Axo-axonic (SP-li) synapses were found in the NRM. The unlabelled presynaptic boutons contain clear round vesicles or mixed with granular vesicles. A central SP-li terminalis contacted by several unlabelled terminals is also found in the NRM.

A deep impact on the development of marine pharmaceutical science will be benefit- ed from the inter-disciplined combination of marine science and pharmaceutical science with information technology. Applications of such technologies as obtaining information trough Internet,database-on-the-Inter and virtual reality will greatly modify and accelerate the processes of discovering and developing marine drugs derived from marine bioresources. The concept of "virtual research on marine drug" was proposed for the first time in this paper, and the first professional net on marine drugs was build. The virtual research center for marine drugs was also build on the Internet and will be made more resourceful in the future.

Basic aluminium 6 ? (carboxylmethyl) chitosan was prepared by reacting the solution of 6 ? (carb?xylmethyl) chitosan in water with basic aluminium chloride 〔Al(OH) 2Cl〕. The structure of product was confirmed by IR and atomic absoption spectroscopy.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Yiqi huayu granules on gastrointestinal motility of gastrointestinal motili-ty disorder model mice and blood rheology of acute blood stasis model rats,and to provide experimental evidence for clinical use of it. METHODS:50 ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,mosapride group(positive control chemi-cal drug,0.003 g/kg),Muxiang shunqi pills group(positive control TCM,0.36 g/kg)and Yiqi huayu granules group(2.4 g/kg), with 10 mice in each group. Treatment groups were given relevant medicine solution intragastrically,once a day,for a week;nor-mal group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically. Those groups fasted for 24 h after last medication,and then were given above medicine intragastrically;1 h later,they were given atropine sulfate intragastrically to induce gastrointestinal mo-tility disorder model except for normal control group. The stomach residue rate and intestinal propulsive rate of mice were mea-sured. 60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Compound danshen tablet group(positive control,1.0 g/kg)and Yiqi huayu granules high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups(2.4,1.2,0.6 g/kg),with 10 rats in each group. Nor-mal group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically,and treatment groups were given relevant medicine,once a day,for a week. 1 h after last medication,those groups were given adrenaline intraperitoneally+aqua astricta. to induce acute blood stasis model except for normal group. The whole blood viscosity(high-shearing,middle-shearing,low-shearing),plasma viscosity, 1,3,5 min platelet aggregation rate ,hematocrit and maximal platelet aggregation rate were all detected in rats. RESULTS:Com-pared with normal group,stomach residue rate of mice in model group was increased significantly(P<0.01),while intestinal pro-pulsive rate was decreased significantly(P<0.01). The whole blood viscosity(high-shearing,middle-shearing,low-shearing),plas-ma viscosity,hematocrit,1,3,5 min platelet aggregation rate and maximal platelet aggregation rate of rats were all increased sig-nificantly in model group (P<0.01). Compared with model group,above indexes of mice/rats were all improved significantly in treatment groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Yiqi huayu granules can significantly promote the function of gastrointes-tinal peristalsis and anticoagulation.

Reaction of chitosan with glucose, galactose and lactose was performed in lactic acid MeOH to give corresponding schiff's base derivatives, the following reduction was carried out in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride to prepare branched chain water soluble chitosan derivatives. The structure of derivatives were Confirmed by 1 HNMR and 13 CNMR.

Quaternary ammonium glucosamine conjugatewas prepared by a two step procedure.First,condensation of glucosamine hydrochloride with chloro acetic chloride in the presence of potassium bicarbonate in aqueous medium at 0℃ provided the N chloroacetyl derivative in 74% yield.Subsequent reaction of this intermediate with pyridine at 40℃ for 3 days gave the pyridinium conjugate in 71% yield.The structures of compounds were confirmed by IR,NMR spectra and element analysis.

To develop a handling platform for loading, unloading, fixation, deployment, withdrawal and etc of medical materials in field conditions. Classified handling was performed for different function units with the de-vice developed, which was composed of a trolley, a railroad, a hydraulic handling board, a fixation belt and a vehicle-mounted tractor. The platform could enhance the efficiency of materials handling, which behaved well in the hos-pital without any handling device. The modular handling platform is easy to unload, carry, transport, fix and maintain, and thus is worthy popularizing practically.

N alkylated Partially deacetylated chitin(DAC 85)was prepared via reductive N alkylation in aceques MeOH with lauraldehyde.Further,O carboxymethlation of N alkylatedchitosan was performed in 55% NaOH with carboxymethy chloride.A new type amphiphilic chitosan derivative was achieved.Elementary analysis and IR spectrume was performed to study the characterization of the chitosan derivative.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of talonavicular arthrodesis and the influence of adjacent joints use trephine percutaneous osteotomy in the treatment of talonavicular arthralgia.Methods From June 1999 to June 2009,24 patients were performed talonavicular arthrodesis due to a variety of painful disorder of talonavicular joint with trephine percutaneous osteotomy.There were 13 males and 11 females,with an average age of 45 years(range,37-72 years).The indications for the procedure included 15cases with posttraumatic arthritis,6 cases with rheumatoid arthritis,and 3 cases with degenerative arthritis.AOFAS system and visual analogue scale(VAS)were used to evaluate the change of function and arthralgia.Graves score system was used to evaluate the influence of adjacent joints.Results All patients were followed up 10-120 months,with the mean of 48 months.Only one case suffered skin brim necrosis of incision and got delayed healing after 3 weeks.The average AOFAS ankle-hind foot score improved from 45.2 points preoperatively to 84.5 points postoperatively.The excellent and good rate was 87.5%.VAS pain scores decreased from 8.1 to 2.4 postoperatively.Twenty-three patients were satisfied and one dissatisfied with the results.Postoperative radiology showed the union evidence in 23 patients at 6 months postoperatively(successful fusion rate of 95.8%).One joint nonunion occurred and required revision arthrodesis with iliac crest bone graft.There was an increase of Ⅰ grade in arthritic scores for 8 cases and Ⅱ grade for 1 case.Conclusion Talonavicular arthrodesis with trephine percutaneous osteotomy has the advantages of low trauma,high successful fusion rate and can acquire satisfactory clinical effect in the treatment of painful malalignment of talonavicular joints.