BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a serious threat to the health and quality of life in the elderly. It is important to establish an ideal experimental animal model to study the etiology and treatment of osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE: To establish a rat model of osteoporosis induced by different dosages of retinoic acid, thus selecting the optimal dosage.METHODS: Eighty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, low-, middle- and high-dosage groups based on body mass (n=20 per group), The rats in the latter three groups were induced with 80, 100, and 120 mg/(kg?d) retinoic acid via gastric lavage for 14 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the bone mineral density, number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and bone microarchitecture in the low-dosage group showed no significant changes, while there were significant decrease in the serum level of calcium and bone mineral density of femur, significant increase in the number of osteoclasts at the femur and significant changes in the femoral microarchitecture in the middle- and high-dosage groups, especially in the middle-dose group. To conclude, 120 mg/(kg?d) retinoic acid via gastric lavage for 14 days can induce a stable osteoporosis model in rats.

ObjectiveTo study the relation ship between progressive cerebral infarction and thyroid hormone level,and analyze the risk factors of progressive cerebral infarction.MethodsThe thyroid hormone,triglyceride esters and fasting glucose levels of 48 patients with progressive cerebral infarction,138 patients with non-progressive cerebral infarction and 60 healthy subjects as control group were measured.ResultsCompared with the patients with non-progressive cerebral infarction,serum T3 of patients with progressive cerebral infarction was lower( P ＜0.05),and the levels of triglyceride ( TG),C-reactive protein ( CRP),and fasting blood glucose were higher ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionPatients with progressive cerebral infarction were in a low level of thyroid hormones,and the increasing levels of TG,CRP,and fasting blood glucose were risk factors for progressive cerebral infarction.

Aim: To clone and over-express the gene encoding aminoglycoside(AG)phosphotransferase(APH)from clinical MRSA isolates in E.coli and to develop an assay method for the recombinant APH.Methods: The susceptibility of clinical MRSA isolates to AGs was tested by disk diffusion.A nucleic acid sequence encoding APH was amplified from the genomic DNA of an isolate and ligated to expression vector pET-28a,and then trans-formed into E.coli BL21(DE3).After purification of the recombinant protein by affinity chromatography,the phosphorylation activity of the enzyme was determined by ESI-MS and disk diffusion.Flesults: All 6 clinical MRSA isolates were unsusceptible to AGs.After cloning and expression,the recombinant APH was purified to90%.The in vitro activity assay indicated that the recombinant protein could inactivate kanamycin B in the assay mixture within 2 h.Conclusion: The recombinant APH showed excellent enzymatic activity.The assay method was simple and convenient,which may provide the basis of developing a screening model for APH inhibitors.

BACKGROUND: Ankle fracture combined with deltoid ligament rupture and distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury occurs occasionally. Its treatment with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis screw fixation or deltoid ligament repair remains controversial. The former appears with poor reduction, broken nails, secondary surgery and other problems.OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effectiveness of suture anchor repair for ankle fracture combined with deltoid ligament injury.METHODS: Twelve patients with ankle fracture combined with deltoid ligament injury were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between January 2013 and December 2015. All patients were treated with open reduction, internal fixation, and anchor repair, but without distal tibiofibular syndesmosis screw fixation. The curative efficacy and joint stability were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients were followed-up for more than 12 months. (2) The modified Baird-Jackson scoring system showed excellent in nine cases, good in two cases, average in one case, poor in none case, and the excellent and good rate was 92%. (3) At 1 year after internal fixation, the X-ray examination showed the malleolus gap and talus slope angle of the affect side were (3.47±0.12) mm and (0.45±0.18)°, and the malleolus gap and talus slope angle of the healthy side were (3.44±0.05) mm and (0.43±0.14)°, and there was no significant difference between two sides (P > 0.05). (4) These results indicate that the suture anchor can repair the anatomy and biomechanics of deltoid ligament with stable ankle joint, and secondary surgery is unnecessary.

Objective:In order to prevent tracheostomal stenosis (TSS) instead of laryngectomy cannulas after total laryngectomy, Nickel\|Titanium shape memory alloys(NI\|SMA) stents in tracheostome were produced and applicated in clinic. Methods: The diameter of NI-SMA is 0.8mm, and Ni 50%, Ti 50%. The shape of the Ni\|SMA stent is the two\|threeth of circumference and its diameters are 18mm, 19.5mm, 21mm. The stents were implanted between the first and the second tracheal cartilage ring of the stump in twenty\|two patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma or hypopharyngeal carcinoma or esophagul carcinoma in neck. All the patients were free of laryngectomy cannulas after operation. Results: Nieteen patients healed at one stage. Infections after operation were seen in three cases. Eight patients received radiotherapy after total laryngectomy. The NT\|SMA stent did not influence radiotherapy after operation. The TSS occured in six of the patients. A simple procedure named “doughnut” for widening stenosis was performed successfully with an electric cautery knife in all the patients with tracheostomal stenosis after operation. Conclusions: The results suggested that the NT\|SMA stents can prevent from traheostenosis instead of metal laryngectomy cannulas after total laryngectomy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on autophagy in the hippocampal neurons of rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 12-16 weeks,weighing 340-370 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=80 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),traumatic brain injury group (group TBI) and dexmedetomidine group (group Dex).The rats were subjected to a diffuse cortical impact injury caused by a modified weight-drop device to induce TBI.Dexmedetomidine 15 μg/kg was injected intravenously immediately after TBI in Dex group.At 24 and 48 h after TBI,neurological deficit score (NDS) was assessed,Morris water maze test was performed,and brains were removed for detection of brain water content in the brain tissue.At 6,12,24 and 48 h after TBI,the expression of hippocampal LC3]Ⅱ was determined using Western blot analysis.Results Compared with group S,brain water content and NDS were significantly increased at 24 and 48 h after TBI,the escape latency was prolonged,and the expression of hippocampal LC3 Ⅱ was upregulated at 6,12,24 and 48 h after TBI in TBI group.Compared with TBI group,brain water content and NDS were significantly decreased at 24 and 48 h after TBI,the escape latency was shortened,and the expression of hippocampal LC3 Ⅱ was down-regulated at 6,12,24 and 48 h after TBI in Dex group.Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces TBI is related to inhibition of autophagy in the hippocampal neurons of rats.

Background and objectives Right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing has been reported impairing left ventricular (LV)performance. Alternative pacing sites in right ventricle (RV) has been explored to obtain better cardiac function. Our study was designed to compare the hemodynamic effects of right ventricular septal (RVS) pacing with RVA pacing. Methods Ten elderly patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and long RR interval or slow ventricular response (VR) received VVI pacing. The hemodynamic difference between RVS and RVA pacing were examined by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Results Pacing leads were implanted successfully at the RVA and then RVS in all patients without complication. The left ventricular (LV) parameters,measured during RVA pacing including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), FS, stroke volume (SV) and peak E wave velocity (EV) were decreased significantly compared to baseline data, while during RVS pacing, they were significantly better than those during RVA pacing. However, after 3-6 weeks there was no statistical significant difference between pre- and post- RVS pacing.Conclusions The LV hemodynamic parameters during RVA pacing were significantly worse than baseline data. The short term LV hemodynamic parameters of RVS pacing were significantly better than those of RVA pacing; RVS pacing could improve the hemodynamic effect through maintaining normal ventricular activation sequence and biventricular contraction synchrony in patients with chronic AF and slow ventricular response.

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of bile-isolated pathogens in Xiamen area ,providing evi-dence for clinical use of antibiotics .Methods Bile cultures and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on strains isolated from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University .WHONET 5 .6 was used for data analysis .Results In 35 out of 217 samples ,2 kinds of pathogens were isolated .Among these ,Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae coinfection was most common .There were 252 strains isolated totally ,with 83 gram-positive strains(32 .9% ) ,165 gram-negative strains (65 .5% ) and 4 fungi strains (1 .6% ) . Escherichia coli ,Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae were three of the most common pathogens isolated .Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were two of the most common nonfermenters isolated .The resistance rates of Enterobacte-riaceae to aminoglycosides ,fourth generation cephalosporins ,carbapenems or piperacillin/tazobactam were lower than 40 .0% .The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to quinolones was higher than 50 .0% .Enterococcus faecalis or enterococcus faecium were less re-sistant to vancomycin ,linezolid and tigecycline .The resistance rates of enterococcus to high concentration of streptomycin or genta-micin were lower than 30 .0% .Conclusion The top three common pathogens isolated from bile are Escherichia coli ,Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumonia in Xiamen area .Infections by Enterococcus together with Enterobacteriaceae account for large numbers of coinfection cases .The resistance rates to cephalosporin or quinolones of pathogens causing biliary tract infections have increased dramatically .

Objective To study the dosimetry effect of D_w and D_m middle and lower esophageal cancer in Monaco treatment planning system (TPS). Methods 30 patients with T₃N₀M₀StageⅡa middle and lower esophageal cancer were selected for experiment. For each patient, optimize the plan using dose to water (D_w) and dose to medium (D_m) dose calculation mode, then rescale prescription dose to 95% volume of PTV. Compare the difference in the two mode, conformity index (CI), Homogeneity index (HI), Mean dose (D_mean), Minimum dose (D_min), Maximum dose (D₂), Dose to Organ at risk (OAR), MU, Optimization time, photon usage, and QA results of MatriXX and Arc Check. Use SPSS for multivariate analysis. Results In the dose evaluation of the middle and lower esophageal cancer cases under different dose calculation methods, the spinal cord, trachea, V₂₀ of the whole lung, and D₂ of the liver have significant dosimetric differences, the dose value, the sequential dose results were compared as (37.92 ± 1.11)/(35.85 ± 1.08), (59.91 ± 1.43)/(60.25 ± 0.98), (22.52 ± 1.75)/(21.38 ± 2.01), (42.89 ± 0.52)/(41.73 ± 0.58). In the comparison of dose cloud distribution, the difference is mainly located in the cavity and the inner wall of the lung in the target area, the dose in the target cavity in the D_w group is higher than that in the D_m group. The dose in the inner and outer walls of the lung cavity in the D_w group are slightly adducted than that in the D_m group, especially in the central area.Dose QA of MartiXX (3%-3 mm) and Arc Check (2%-2 mm) with different dose calculation methods of 60 plans of 30 cases have all passed clinical requirements. D_m Group is better than D_w group. Conclusion It is recommended to use D_m dose calculation method for Monaco 5.11 TPS in the condition of treatment planning for middle and lower esophageal cancer.

Objective To study the feasibility of clinical application of an individualized customized material. Methods Five batches of individualized customized materials were randomly selected, from which 10 cm × 11 cm samples were intercepted for experimental analysis. Among them, 10 cm × 10 cm materials were selected to perform dosimetric analysis and HU change analysis before and after irradiation with a radiotherapy dose for breast cancer of 50 Gy as the irradiation basis. The center Point 1 on the lower surface of the individualized material and the center Point 2 of the solid water volume were selected for dosimetric analysis before and after the sample is irradiated. After reaching a sufficient amount of irradiation, the 1 cm × 10 cm materials intercepted in the center position and the remaining 1 cm × 10 cm materials after the first sampling were sent to the material science laboratory for analysis of physical properties of density, viscosity, hardness, and tear strength. Results In the comparative analysis of HU values before and after exposure, after receiving 50 Gy dose irradiation, the difference rate of HU value was 5.252%, which was close to the expected 5% difference rate in clinical medicine. In the dosimetric analysis of Point 1 and Point 2, the dose in the irradiated samples was significantly higher than that in the unirradiated samples; the dose in Point 1 increased by 3.742%, and the dose in Point 2 increased by 2.039%. Before and after irradiation, except for the physical density which showed a significant difference, there was no significant difference in viscosity, hardness, and tear strength. Conclusion The individualized customized material can meet the requirements of routine clinical medicine.