Objective To investigate the application and advancement of hepatocyte transplantation (HCT). Methods Literatures about the advancement of HCT were reviewed and analyzed. Results There have been many novel technologies and advancements in the application of HCT. For example, gene modified cell can be used as seed cell, subcutaneous transplantation can be taken when combined with giant molecule material and the encapsulation preconditioning technique can also carried before operation to improve the rate of survival. Conclusion With more and deeper understanding of hepatocyte transplantation and the development of advanced techniques such as the application of giant molecule, HCT will be extensively used in the clinical treatment of acute and chronic hepatic diseases.

Cantharellus Adans. ex Fr., a member of the Cantharellaceae, Cantharellales, Homobasidiomycetes, Basidiomycota, is a widely distributed macro-fungal genus with an independent evolutionary lineage. It currently includes 65 species, of which 9 were recorded in China. In this article, research history of the genus was briefly reviewed and some controversial conclusions, especially the demarcation and naming of some taxa, discrimination among similar species, problems on C. cibarius Fr. and C. tubaeformis Fr.: Fr. complex, as well as their ecological conservation and bionic cultivation, are discussed based on the authors’ findings. Proposals for further research on biodiversities and sustainable utilizations were put forward at last.

Objective To assess the alterations of the systolic peak radial strain (RS) and the time to systolic peak radial strain(TRS) in ischemic myocardial segments with different extent of coronary artery stenosis using three-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging(3D-STI).Methods RS and TRS of 16 left ventricular segments were analyzed by 3D-STI in 87 patients,every left ventricular segment of all patients were divided into 5 groups according to coronary stenosis based on the results of selected coronary angiography:normal,≤25 ％,＞25 ％ - ≤50 ％,＞50 ％ - ≤ 75 ％,＞ 75 ％.All times were corrected by heart rate.Results In the coronary normal group,coronary stenosis extent ≤25％ group and coronary stenosis extent ＞25％ - ≤50％ group,the variance of RS was non-significant( P ＞0.05).Compared with the coronary normal group,coronary stenosis extent ≤25％ group and coronary stenosis extent ＞ 25％ -≤ 50％ group,RS was decreased in groups of coronary stenosis ＞50％ - ≤75％ and ＞75％.Between the coronary normal group and coronary stenosis extent ≤25 ％ group,the variance of TRS was non-significant( P ＞0.05).Compared with coronary normal and coronary stenosis extent ≤25 ％ group,TRS was increased in groups of coronary stenosis ＞25％ - ≤50％,＞50％ - ≤75％,＞75％.Compared with group of coronary stenosis ＞ 50％ -≤ 75％,TRS was shorter in group of coronary stenosis ＞ 75％,some variance was significant( P ＜0.05).Conclusions The RS was decreased along with the coronary stenosis increase,but TRS was increased along with the coronary stenosis increase.There is a tendency that TRS was decreased when the coronary stenosis is more than 75 ％ compared with the coronary stenosis ＞50％ - ≤75 ％ group.3D-STI can access the regional radial systolic function of the ischemic myocardial segment.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and the management of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease PPNAD) and to evaluate its relationship with Carney complex. Methods One case of PPNAD reported. The patient was a 52 years oldmale. He was hospitalized because of hypertension for one year. The patient had a Cushing's face with elevated plasma and urine cortisone levels which could not be suppressed by both low dose and high dose dexamethasone tests. Ultrasonography howed normal bilateral adrenal glands. CT scan found a 1.6 cm × 2.0 cm mass in the left adrenal gland and normal on tralateral adrenal gland. Results The patient had accepted left laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The pathological examination onfirmed the diagnosis of PPNAD. Micro scopic study showed that there were black-gray spots in the center of the specimen. Hyperplasia was found in all the three adrenal zones. Lipofuscin was observed in the cytoplasm of reticular zone cells. The patient's blood pressure had returned to normal level after the surgery. Conclusions PPNAD is a rare type of ypercortisolism. As there is no specific feature in clinical manifestation and radiological examination of this disease, it is very easy to make a misdiagnosis in clinical practice. PPNAD itself can be the comorbidity of Carney complex, careful differentiation is needed.

Objective To assess the long-term outcomes as well as the living quality of the patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) after the treatment of percutaneous lumbar discectomy (PLD), and to discuss the influential factors related to the long-term effectiveness. Methods During the period of January 2000 to March 2002, PLD was performed in 129 patients with LDH. By using self-evaluation questionnaires of Oswestry disability index (ODI), Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) through letter or telephone interviews as well as the patients' initial medical records, the related clinical data were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Wilcoxon's rank sum test, Chi-square test. Results One hundred and eight patients (83.7%) were able to be followed up and 104 effective ques-tionnaires were collected. The mean follow-up time was (6.64 ± 0.67) years, the excellent rate (ODI score, 0 ～ 20%) was 71.15%. The average scores of the JOA and SF-36 was 23.66 ± 5.72 and 75.88 ± 25.57, respectively. The scores of quality of life were obviously improved in all follow-up subscales. Conventional operations were carried out subsequently in 9 patients as they failed to respond to PLD. No complications related to PLD occurred in this study. The age, course of the disease and the patient's condition at the time of discharge might bear a relationship to long-term effectiveness. Conclusion PLD is a safe and minimally-invasive technique for the treatment of LDH with quick and reliable effect, PLD can dramatically improve the quality of life. Many factors, such as the age, course of the disease and the patient's condition at the time of discharge, can affect the long-term outcomes.

Objective To assess the long-term outcomes as well as the living quality of the patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH) after the treatment of percutaneous lumbar discectomy(PLD),and to discuss the influential factors related to the long-term effectiveness.Methods During the period of January 2000 to March 2002,PLD was performed in 129 patients with LDH.By using self-evaluation questionnaires of Oswestry disability index(ODI),Short Form-36(SF-36) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) through letter or telephone interviews as well as the patients’ initial medical records,the related clinical data were collected.Statistical analysis was conducted by using Wilcoxon’s rank sum test,Chi-square test.Results One hundred and eight patients(83.7%) were able to be followed up and 104 effective ques-tionnaires were collected.The mean follow-up time was(6.64 ? 0.67) years,the excellent rate(ODI score,0 ～ 20%) was 71.15%.The average scores of the JOA and SF-36 was 23.66 ? 5.72 and 75.88 ? 25.57,respectively.The scores of quality of life were obviously improved in all follow-up subscales.Conventional operations were carried out subsequently in 9 patients as they failed to respond to PLD.No complications related to PLD occurred in this study.The age,course of the disease and the patient’s condition at the time of discharge might bear a relationship to long-term effectiveness.Conclusion PLD is a safe and minimally-invasive technique for the treatment of LDH with quick and reliable effect.PLD can dramatically improve the quality of life.Many factors,such as the age,course of the disease and the patient’s condition at the time of discharge,can affect the long-term outcomes.

BACKGROUND:Short-segment pedicle screw technology has been extensively used in the treatment and repair of thoracolumbar burst fractures. The technique of operative treatment through the paraspinal muscle approach has advantages such as less trauma and bleeding, and rapid recovery. However, it requires further investigations to verify the superiority of the paraspinal muscle approach of two lateral incisions near the posterior median line. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and Cobb’s angle of short-segment pedicle screw fixation through paraspinal muscle approach of two lateral incisions near the posterior median line in the treatment of thoracic and lumbar fractures. METHODS:From September 2010 to June 2012, 56 patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures were included in the retrospective study, including 42 males and14 females, with an average of 45 years (range 18-59 years). According to the surgical approach, patients were divided into two groups, traditional approach (n=25) and paraspinal muscle approach (n=31). The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and postoperative ambulant time in the two groups were observed and compared. The visual analog scale scores at 7 days, 1 month and 6 months postoperatively were recorded. The Cobb’s angles of suffered vertebra were measured preoperatively and at 7 days and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were fol owed up after internal fixation. The paraspinal muscle approach was superior to traditional approach in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and postoperative ambulant time, and visual analog scale scores at 7 days and 1 month postoperatively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative Cobb’s angle in the two groups (P>0.05). The short-segment pedicle screw fixation through paraspinal muscle approach of two lateral incisions near the posterior median line in the treatment of thoracic and lumbar fractures, is an effective and minimal y invasive treatment, with less trauma, less bleeding, rapid recovery, and simple operations. Similar to open surgery, this treatment can recover the anatomical morphology and reconstruct spinal stability, and had good biocompatibility to the host.

Objective : To learn the epidemiological characteristics of acute hepatitis B in Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2021, so as to provide insights into perfecting hepatitis B prevention and control strategy. Methods: Data pertaining to acute hepatitis B was collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, spatial and population distributions of acute hepatitis B were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. The trend in incidence of acute hepatitis B was analyzed using annual percent change (APC). Results: Totally 8 890 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported in Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2021, with the reported incidence showing a tendency towards a decline (APC=-11.730%, P<0.05). The average annual reported incidence rate of acute hepatitis B was 2.42/105. Acute hepatitis B occurred all the year round, without obvious seasonal characteristics. The top three highest incidence rates were reported in Pingxiang City (7.12/105), Ganzhou City (3.12/105) and Fuzhou City (2.87/105). The lowest and highest incidence rates of acute hepatitis B were seen among residents aged under 10 years (0.30/105) and 20-29 years (3.86/105). The incidence rate of males was higher than that of females (3.25/105 vs. 1.55/105, P<0.05). Farmers were predominant population affected acute hepatitis B (5 764 cases, 64.84%). Conclusions The incidence of acute hepatitis B showed a downward trend in Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2021, and the disease predominantly affected young males, farmers. Health education should be strengthened, and hepatitis B vaccination coverage should be promoted.

Objective To explore the safety and effectiveness of diagnostic ultrasound associated with microbubbles to open the blood brain barrier(BBB).Methods Microbubbles were injected through caudal vein,the rat head was radiated by GE Vivid 7 diagnostic ultrasound immediately.The radiated depth was located in the basal ganglia assisted by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scanning.The degree of BBB opening was evaluated by enhanced MRI and Evans blue dyeing.The safety was inspected by observation of cell morphology under hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining.Results After the rat head radiated by diagnostic ultrasound with microbubbles,signal enhancement of the radiated area was observed on post contrast T1-weighted images.Red fluorescence of Evans blue was detected by fluorescence microscope in the same area.Normal cellular morphology and structural integrity were showed by HE staining.Conclusions The BBB of rat could be opened targetedly and noninvasively by diagnostic ultrasound associated with microbubbles.This may provide a new strategy for the drugs and stem cells treatment in the central nervous system diseases.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected patients after antiretroviral therapy (ART).Methods The demographic and clinical data of HIV-HCV coinfected patients in Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University and local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from Jan 2003 to Dec 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Single factor and multiple factor Logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation between the variables and incidence of ESLD,such as baseline age ≥40,male,previous blood transfusion history,duration of HCV persistent infection,hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection (HBsAg positive),HIV RNA≥-1 ×104 copy/mL at last visit,HCV RNA≥ 1.× 105 copy/mL at last visit,CD4 count ＞ 200 / μL at last visit,alanine aminotranferase (ALT) ≥ 2 × upper limit normal (ULN) at last visit,ART containing nevirapine (NVP),follow-up duration,ART duration＞5 years and HCV genotype 1b.The effect of ESLD on the survival of HIV-HCV co-infected patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.Results Totally 427 HIV-HCV co-infected patients were followed up with average of 3.7 years. Fifty-five patients (12.9％) developed ESLD,and 52 patients (12.2％) died.Factors independently associated with ESLD included baseline age≥40 (OR=2.385,P=0.039),ALT ≥2× ULN (OR=16.374,P=0.000),HBV-coinfection (OR=2.507,P=0.042),duration of ART ＞ 5 years (OR=3.232,P=0.010),and CD4 count ≥200/μL (OR=0.364,P=0.011).The cumulative mortality of HIV-HCV co-infected patients with ESLD was 50.9％,whereas that of HIV-HCV co-infected patients without ESLD was 6.5％ (P=0.000).Conclusion In the ART era,ESLD is common among HIV-HCV co-infected patients in China,which is responsible for reducing the survival time of the patients.