Objective To investigate the killing effect of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) on spinal metastasis of transplanted VX2 carcinoma in experimental rabbit models. Methods Spinal metastasis of transplanted VX2 carcinoma model was successfully established in 18 rabbits. The experimental rabbits were randomly and equally divided into three groups with 6 rabbits in each group. Under CT guidance , PMMA or saline was injected into the center of VX2 tumor; in group A 0.3 ml of PMMA was used, in group B 0.1 ml of PMMA was used and in group C (control group) 0.3 ml saline was used. Twenty-four hours after the injection, the animals were sacrificed. Four tissue samples were obtained from the sites at 1 mm , 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm away from the PMMA mass in each rabbit of group A and group B , while four tissue samples were collected from different four sites from the tumor ’s center to border in each rabbit of group C. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to determine the tumor cell apoptosis rate. Results After successful establishment of rabbit model, injection of PMMA was performed in sixteen among the eighteen rabbits. Technical success rates were 83.3% in both group A and B, and the success rate was 100% in group C. The difference in technical success rate was not significant. The mean tumor cell apoptosis rates of spinal VX2 carcinoma at 1 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm away from the PMMA mass in group A were (65.75±18.81)%, (50.00±14.24)% and(14.95±8.98)% respectively. The mean apoptosis rate in the control group was (9.79 ±5.24)%; the differences between the group A and the control group were statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean tumor cell apoptosis rate of spinal VX2 carcinoma at 15 mm away from the PMMA mass in group A was (10.30 ±8.13)%, which was not significantly different with that of the control group. The mean tumor cell apoptosis rates of spinal VX2 carcinoma at 1 mm and 5 mm away from the PMMA mass in group B were (49.20±15.57)% and(17.75±9.28)% respectively, which was significantly different with that of the control group(P<0.05); the mean tumor cell apoptosis rates at 10 mm and 15 mm away from the PMMA mass in group B were not significantly different with those of the control group. Statistically significant differences in the mean tumor cell apoptosis rates determined at 1 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm away from the PMMA mass existed between group A and group B(P<0.001). Conclusion PMMA can promote the apoptosis of tumor cells, properly increasing the injected amount of PMMA can enlarge the extent of tumor cell apoptosis.

OBJECTIVESince HFMD was designated as a class C communicable disease in May 2008, 18 months surveillance data have been accumulated to December 2009. This article was to describe the distribution of HFMD for age, sex, area, and time between 2008 and 2009, to reveal the characteristics of the epidemic.

METHODSWe analyzed weekly reported cases of HFMD from May 2008 to December 2009, and presented data on the distribution of age, sex, area and time. A discrete Poisson model was used to detect spatial-temporal clusters of HFMD.

RESULTSMore than 1 065 000 cases of HFMD were reported in Mainland China from May 2008 to December 2009 (total incidence: 12.47 per 10 000). Male incidence was higher than female for all ages and 91.9% of patients were <5 years old. The incidence was highest in Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Hainan. The highest peak of HFMD cases was in April and the number of cases remained high from April to August. The spatial-temporal distribution detected four clusters.

CONCLUSIONChildren <5 years old were susceptible to HFMD and we should be aware of their vulnerability. The incidence was higher in urban than rural areas, and an annual pandemic usually starts in April.

Aging ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Time Factors

Objective:To study the application of three-dimensional(3D) printed individualized tray in impression taken of presurgical nasoalveolar molding(PNAM) for newborn with cleft and palate.Methods:The newborns with unilateral/bilateral cleft lip and palate treated with PNAM during 2015 to 2020 in School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, were chosen. Their clinical materials were retrospectively analyzed. Maxillary impressions taken by 3D printed individualized trays were compared with those taken by modified traditional tray. The indexes were evaluated including the numbers of defects (bubbles with diameter>1 mm and exposure of tray) in each impression; the impression quality grade (perfect 1, good 2, qualified 3 and unqualified 4), and the integrity and legibility of impressions [evaluated by 3 orthodontists using visual analog scale(VAS)]. The date was analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups.Results:A total of 22 patients were included. There were 7 patients (3 males, 4 females, 3-28 days old) in modified traditional tray group and 15 patients (10 males, 5 females, 4-26 days old) in 3D printed individualized trays group. All patients finished the PNAM treatment before repairment of cleft lip. The average treatment duration were 136 days with 131 days in modified traditional tray group and 137 days in 3D printed individualized trays group. (1) The impressions made by conventional method had more defects [6(5, 7)] than those made by 3D printed individualized trays[2(1, 2)]( P<0.05). (2)The impression taken by modified traditional tray was mainly qualified[3(2, 3)scores] and that taken by 3D printed individualized tray exhibited higher grade [good, 2(2, 2) scores]( P<0.01). (3) Compared with modified traditional tray group, the scores of VAS on integrity of impression taken by 3D printed individualized tray were significantly high( P<0.05). Itemized evaluation showed that the integrity scores on all positions except vestibular sulcus had significant difference between groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The scores of VAS on legibility of impression taken by 3D printed individualized tray were significantly higher than those taken by modified traditional tray( P<0.05). As for itemized evaluation, legibility scores on all positions except upper frenum had significant difference between groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions:The impression taken by 3D printing individualized tray has higher quality, integrity and legibility.

[Objective]To investigate primary and secondary transfer of exfoliated cells from human hands on non-porous substrates such as plastic steering wheel or computer mouse.[Methods]DNA detection sensitivity and detection limit for mixed DNA profiling were examined to understand our laboratory's ability to test for trace DNA.Forensic swabs were used to collect samples from volunteers'one-hour-long unwashed hands,substrates touched by volunteers'immediately or 30 min following shaking hands,and individual A's daily-use substrates touched by individual B and then by individual A again.Simulations were conducted to assess the potential for introduction of another person's exfoliated cells from hands into routine casework samples.[Results]Our laboratory can obtain a full DNA profile from as little as 0.020 ng of DNA and detect minor components in a 1:9 mixed DNA sample.85%of samples from unwashed hands yielded a full DNA profile.Primary transfer of a full DNA profile was found in 77%of substrates touched by volunteers'dominant hand 30 min after hand washing,allowing differentiation between good and poor shedders,with no significant difference in genders and substrate types.75%of substrates touched 30 min after hand washing and then immediately following handshaking yielded the other individual's DNA profile(secondary transfer),with the number of short tandem repeat(STR)loci detected ranging from 0 to 23;the percentage and number decreased substantially when the substrates were touched 30 minutes later.No foreign DNA was detected in routine casework samples with introduced exfoliated cells from hands.When two individuals took turns touching items with their hands,the major contributor to the DNA profile was not always the individual who made the last contact.[Conclusions]Primary and secondary DNA transfer can be detected on non-porous substrates,and based on the deposit of hand exfoliated cells,individuals can be categorized as good or poor shedders,which is an important factor affecting detection of DNA transfer.Besides considering the laboratory's DNA detection sensitivity,if DNA is detected on substrates by hand contact,we need to take into account the potential for secondary transfer at different levels of activity when interpreting the results.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of dapagliflozin on contrast-induced acute kidney injury （CIAKI） and prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 （T2DM） and acute coronary syndrome （ACS） who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. METHODS Retrospective selection of data on T2DM patients with ACS who underwent PCI treatment in the Cardiology Department of Tianjin Chest Hospital from January 1st 2021 to December 31st 2022. The patients were divided into dapagliflozin group （96 cases） and control group （148 cases） based on whether they received dapagliflozin or not. Renal function indicators were measured for all enrolled patients before PCI and at 48 h and 1 week after PCI， including blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， serum creatinine （Scr）， estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）， cystatin-C （Cys-C）， kidney injury molecule-1 （KIM-1） and β2-microglobulin （β2-MG）. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. The incidence of CIAKI and major adverse cardiac event （MACE） during follow-up were recorded for both groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of dapagliflozin on the occurrence of CIAKI， while the Log-rank test was applied to compare the incidence of MACE between the two groups. Cox regression was employed to analyze the impact of dapagliflozin on prognosis. RESULTS At 48 h and 1 week after PCI， serum levels of Cys-C， KIM-1 and β2-MG were significantly lower in the dapagliflozin group compared to the control group （P＜0.05）. The incidence of CIAKI was lower in the dapagliflozin group compared to the control group （6.25% vs. 14.86%， P＝0.042）. Logistic regression analysis revealed that dapagliflozin was an independent protective factor against CIAKI （OR＝0.280， 95%CI 0.101-0.780，P＝0.015）. During the follow-up period， the incidence of MACE was lower in the dapagliflozin group compared to the control group （7.29% vs. 17.57%， P＝0.049）. Cox regression analysis indicated that dapagliflozin reduced the occurrence of MACE after PCI （HR＝0.374， 95%CI 0.161-0.866， P＝0.022）. CONCLUSIONS With adequate hydration， the use of dapagliflozin does not increase the risk of CIAKI following PCI in T2DM patients with ACS.

Objective To explore preoperative psychological experience in patients with the tibia and fibula fracture that treated with 3D printing individualized external fixation, and provide theoretical basis for the medical treatment and care. Methods From December 2013 to November 2015, sevenpatentstreated with 3D printing individualized external fixation in Xi′an Honghui Hospital, Xi′an Jiaotong University Health Science Center were selected as the interview object. This qualitative study was completed by phenomenon research methods, and combined with a variety of forms of interview.Colaizzi content analysis method was used to analyze the contents of collected data, and sort and refine the theme. Results Four effective subjects were extracted about preoperative psychological experience in patients with the tibia and fibula fracture treated with 3D printing individualized external fixation, in turn were uncertainty effect of surgery; high expectations, but the lack of knowledge about 3D printing, economic burden of disease; longing for family support system. Conclusions Medical staff should pay attention to preoperative psychological feelings in patients with the tibia and fibula fracture treated with 3D printing individualized external fixation, deal with a targeted psychological nursing and coping style, provide an effective nursing intervention and health education. further more optimize the 3D external fixation cost,and incorporate the 3D external fixation into the social medical insurance category.

Objective:To study the application of three-dimensional(3D) printed individualized tray in impression taken of presurgical nasoalveolar molding(PNAM) for newborn with cleft and palate.Methods:The newborns with unilateral/bilateral cleft lip and palate treated with PNAM during 2015 to 2020 in School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, were chosen. Their clinical materials were retrospectively analyzed. Maxillary impressions taken by 3D printed individualized trays were compared with those taken by modified traditional tray. The indexes were evaluated including the numbers of defects (bubbles with diameter>1 mm and exposure of tray) in each impression; the impression quality grade (perfect 1, good 2, qualified 3 and unqualified 4), and the integrity and legibility of impressions [evaluated by 3 orthodontists using visual analog scale(VAS)]. The date was analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups.Results:A total of 22 patients were included. There were 7 patients (3 males, 4 females, 3-28 days old) in modified traditional tray group and 15 patients (10 males, 5 females, 4-26 days old) in 3D printed individualized trays group. All patients finished the PNAM treatment before repairment of cleft lip. The average treatment duration were 136 days with 131 days in modified traditional tray group and 137 days in 3D printed individualized trays group. (1) The impressions made by conventional method had more defects [6(5, 7)] than those made by 3D printed individualized trays[2(1, 2)]( P<0.05). (2)The impression taken by modified traditional tray was mainly qualified[3(2, 3)scores] and that taken by 3D printed individualized tray exhibited higher grade [good, 2(2, 2) scores]( P<0.01). (3) Compared with modified traditional tray group, the scores of VAS on integrity of impression taken by 3D printed individualized tray were significantly high( P<0.05). Itemized evaluation showed that the integrity scores on all positions except vestibular sulcus had significant difference between groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The scores of VAS on legibility of impression taken by 3D printed individualized tray were significantly higher than those taken by modified traditional tray( P<0.05). As for itemized evaluation, legibility scores on all positions except upper frenum had significant difference between groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions:The impression taken by 3D printing individualized tray has higher quality, integrity and legibility.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018.Methods:Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to randomly select hospitals capable of treating patients with spinal cord injury from 3 regions，9 provinces and 27 cities in China to retrospectively investigate eligible patients with traumatic spinal cord injury admitted in 2018. National and regional incidence rates were calculated. The data of cause of injury，injury level，severity of injury，segment and type of fracture，complications，death and other data were collected by medical record questionnaire，and analyzed according to geographical region，age and gender.Results:Medical records of 4，134 patients were included in this study，with a male-to-female ratio of 2.99∶1. The incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018 was 50.484 / 1 million （95% CI 50.122-50.846）. The highest incidence in the Eastern region was 53.791 / 1 million （95% CI 53.217-54.365）. In the whole country，the main causes of injury were high falls （29.58%），as well as in the Western region （40.68%），while the main causes of injury in the Eastern and Central regions were traffic injuries （31.22%，30.10%）. The main injury level was cervical spinal cord in the whole country （64.49%），and the proportion of cervical spinal cord injury in the Central region was the highest （74.68%），and the proportion of lumbosacral spinal cord injury in the Western region was the highest （32.30%）. The highest proportion of degree of injury was incomplete quadriplegia （55.20%），and the distribution pattern was the same in each region. A total of 65.87% of the patients were complicated with fracture or dislocation，77.95% in the Western region and only 54.77% in the Central region. In the whole country，the head was the main combined injury （37.87%），as well as in the Eastern and Central regions，while the proportion of chest combined injury in the Western region was the highest （38.57%）. A total of 32.90% of the patients were complicated with respiratory complications. There were 23 patients （0.56%） died in hospital，of which 17（73.91%） died of respiratory dysfunction. Conclusions:The Eastern region of China has a high incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Other epidemiological features include high fall as the main cause of injury cervical spinal cord injury as the main injury level，incomplete quadriplegia as the main degree of injury，head as the main combined injury，and respiratory complications as the main complication.