Objective To further confirm the role of lipid-peroxidation caused by oxygen free radicals injury played in the pathogenesis of dilsted cardiomypathy. Methods The superoxide dismutase activities and lipids composi tion of erythrocytes in 18 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and 16 healthy controls were measured. Results ① Su peroxide dismutase(SOD) activites of erythrocytes were lower in dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) patients than that in healthy controls (P ＜0. 001). ②The lipids composition of erythrocytes has changed in the DCM patients compared with healthy controls: total lipids changed little (P＞0. 05); total phospholipids were lower, but not significantly (P ＞0.05); total cholesterol increased significantly (P ＜0. 05). The cholesterol to phospholipids molecular ratio of erythrocyte membrane has increased remarkably (P＞0. 05). Conclusion It can be supposed that decreased SOD ac tivities play an important role in the damage of membrane system and the pathogensis of DCM.

Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on low-Se diet frow Keshan disease area, Se-supplemented diet and stock diet respectively, for observing the effect of Se on mitochoadrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in myocardia. The results showed that cardiac mitochondrial MAO activities in the Se-deficient group were significantly decreased as compared to both the Se-supplemented and stock diet group, and Se content in plasma and GSH-Px activity in. red blood cells also were significantly reduced at 30, 60 and 90 days of feeding. In Se-supplemented group MAO and GSH-Px activities as well as Se content were comparable to levels in the stock diet group.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the significance of temporary block of gastroduodenal artery in hepatic artery chemotherapy.

METHODSForty patients were randomized into two groups with 20 in each. In the trial group, when the catheter was introduced into the gastroduodenal artery, pituitrin was infused slowly (2 U/min) till the gastroduodenal artery became blocked, then the catheter was pulled back to the common hepatic artery to start chemotherapy. In the control group, saline (10 ml) was infused slowly (4 ml/min) instead of pituitrin.

RESULTSIn the trial group, all patients had temporary increase of blood pressure ranging from 20 to 50 mm Hg, which was tolerated with most recovered in 20 to 30 minutes. Two patients had pain in the upper abdomen and others only had slight gastrointestinal discomfort. In the control group, epigastric upset or pain during operation was present in 5 patients. In 9 patients, upper abdominal pain after the operation was present which was serious in two. One of these two patients was confirmed as having gastric antrum erosion by gastroscopy. There was statistically significant difference in the upper abdomen pain in these two groups by Chi-square test (P < 0.025). The relative and absolute risk reduction were 77.8% and 35.0% and the mean number of patients needed to treat was 2.86. The time of resuming preoperative appetite in the trial and control groups were 7.1 +/- 1.37 and 11.8 +/- 2.56 days, with the difference statistically significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTemporarily block of the gastroduodenal artery, being simple, safe, and effectively reducing patients' untoward and finacial burden, is advised to be practiced in hepatic artery chemotherapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Catheterization ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial ; Liver Neoplasms ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective: To explore the interaction of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure on psychopathological symptoms of middle school students. Methods: From November 2015 to January 2016, 22 628 middle school students from Shenyang of Liaoning Province, Bengbu of Anhui Province, Xinxiang of Henan Province, Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chongqing Municipality, and Yangjiang of Guangdong Province were enrolled by using the multi-stage cluster convenience sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect the data including demographic information, health literacy, second-hand smoke exposure, and psychopathological symptoms. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the interaction of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure on psychopathological symptoms of middle school students. Results: The age of students was (15.36±1.79) years old, of which 10 990 were boys, accounting for 48.6% of total students. The detection rate of psychopathological symptoms was 29.1% (6 581/22 628). The detection rate of psychopathological symptoms in those who were exposed to second-hand smoke was 38.1% (2 401/6 304), which was higher than that in the non-second-hand smoke exposure group [25.6% (4 180/16 324)] (P<0.001). The OR (95%CI) of the interaction between medium and low levels of overall health literacy, low level of interpersonal dimension of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure was 1.19 (1.15-1.24), 2.00 (1.92-2.10) and 1.59 (1.52-1.66), respectively. Conclusion There was a positive interaction between middle and low levels of overall health literacy, low level of interpersonal dimension of health literacy and second-hand smoke exposure on psychopathological symptoms of middle school students.

Objective: To explore the association between co-consumption of takeaway fast foods and sodas with depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents, and to provide a reference for reducing the occurence of depression among adolescents. Methods: A multi-center population-based survey was conducted in 32 schools in 4 provinces across China. A total of 14 500 adolescents completed eligible questionnaires. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using Children’s Depression Inventory(CDI), while consumption of takeaway fast foods and sodas was collected using the semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire(FFQ). Results: 27.26%(3 952/14 500) of adolescents were reported of depressive symptoms. The low, middle, and high-frequency consumption of takeaway fast foods (a OR=1.12, 1.73, 1.56, P<0.05) and sodas (a OR=1.64, 2.17, 3.54, P<0.01) were associated with depressive symptoms, and dose-response relationships were observed in all association(P<0.01). Meanwhile, positive additive interactions were observed in the association(a OR=2.46, P<0.01). The relative excess risk, attribution ratio and the interaction index of synergy was 0.45(0.12-0.77), 0.18(0.06-0.30) and 1.44(1.10-1.89), respectively. Conclusion Co-consumption of takeaway fast foods and sodas significantly associates with depressive symptoms by synergistic effect among Chinese adolescents.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to understand the prevalence of smoking behavior among middle school students and to analyze the impact of childhood abuse experience on smoking behavior of middle school students. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 14 500 middle school students from Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Nanchang and Guiyang as participants. A multivariate logistic regression model was established to analyze the effects of childhood abuse on smoking behavior among middle school students. Results: The rate of smoking behavior among middle school students was 3.6%, male students (5.8%) were higher than female students (1.4%), senior high school (5.0%) was higher than junior high school (2.3%), and rural (6.0%) was higher than urban (2.8%). The differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). Those exposed to high-level of various types of childhood abuse had a higher rate of smoking behavior than those with low levels. Multivariate Logistic regression models showed that emotional abuse(OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.38-2.07), physical abuse(OR=2.17, 95%CI=1.78-2.64), sexual abuse(OR=2.56, 95%CI=2.10-3.12), emotional neglect(OR=2.27, 95%CI=1.89-2.74), physical neglect (OR=2.21, 95%CI=1.83-2.67) and childhood abuse experience (OR=2.66, 95%CI=2.21-3.21) increased the risk of smoking among middle school students independently(P<0.01). Conclusion Childhood abuse is closely assoliated with smoking behavior among middle school students. Strengthening the importance and intervention of childhood abuse is beneficial to the prevention and control of smoking behavior among middle school students.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of childhood abuse and examined its correlation with inflammatory factor IL-6 level in middle schools students. Methods: A total of 911 junior and high school students from a middle school in Shenyang were enrolled in this study to investigate the experience of childhood abuse and its association with IL-6 level in fasting blood samples in December 2017. Results: The prevalence of childhood maltreatment was 21.0%, the prevalence of physical, emotional and sexual abuse was 21.8%, 20.3% and 9.5%, respectively. Physical abuse, emotional abuse and total abuse were associated with high levels of IL-6 in junior high school boys, χ2 values were 3.88, 6.78, and 9.10, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between abuse experiences with IL-6 levels among junior high school girls and senior high school students. Regression analysis showed that physical abuse, emotional abuse and total abuse were positively associated with IL-6 concentration among junior high school boys(OR=2.23, 3.49, 1.58, P<0.05). Conclusion Physical and emotional abuse in childhood associates with the increase of IL-6 level among junior school boys. Abnormal inflammatory factor level might be potential mechanism linking childhood abuse with adverse health outcomes.

Objective: To explore the association between the health literacy (HL) and smoking behaviors in middle school students. Methods: From November 2015 to January 2016, middle school students in Shenyang City of Liaoning Province, Bengbu City of Anhui Province, Xinxiang City of Henan Province, Ulanqab City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chongqing City and Yangjiang City of Guangdong Province were enrolled by using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. A total of 23 137 questionnaires were issued and 22 628 questionnaires were valid. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic information, HL and smoking behaviors. The low, middle, and high-level group were classified according to the tertile of HL score. A multiple logistic regression model was conducted to explore the association between the HL and smoking behaviors. Results: The age of subjects was (15.4±1.8) years old, and HL score was (104.1±18.7) points. The proportion of former smoking, recent smoking and passive smoking was 9.2% (2 071), 2.8% (635) and 27.9% (6 304), respectively. The proportion of former smokers who tried to quit smoking was 50.1% (1 037/2 071). Compared to the high-level HL, the low-level HL increased the risk of former smoking [OR (95%CI): 1.85 (1.61−2.13)], recent smoking [OR (95%CI): 1.68 (1.33−2.14)] and passive smoking [OR (95%CI): 1.34 (1.23−1.46)], and decreased the likelihood of smoking cessation [OR (95%CI): 0.70 (0.53−0.92)], after adjusting for the gender, school type, registered residence, household structure, accommodation type, educational level of patients, and self-reported family economic status. Conclusion The HL of middle school students was related to their smoking behaviors.

Objective: To simplify the psychological domain of Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA),which includes 39 items and develop the Brief Instrument On Psychological Health of Youths(BIOPHY), as well as to evaluate the predictive validity of the BIOPHY. Methods: A total of 14 221 students were recruited from Shenyang,Xinxiang,Guangzhou,and Chongqing by using multistage stratified cluster random sampling to participate in the study. A combination of item analysis,factor analysis and reliability evaluation were used to screen items and evaluate the questionnaire. Meantime, data from 14 500 adolescents from Shenzhen,Nanchang,Zhengzhou and Guiyang in 2017 were used to develop a cut-off point and to evaluate its predictive validity. Results: On the basis of item analysis,BIOPHY consisted of 15 items. Variance cumulative contribution rate was 57.39%; internal consistency test showed that the total questionnaire Cronbach α coefficient was 0.928. The split-half coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.909. The 90th percentile of total scores was used as the cutoff point of BIOPHY. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that students with psychological health symptoms were at significantly higher risk of depressive symptoms (OR=10.53,95%CI=9.28-11.94),suicide ideations (OR=5.77,95%CI=5.15-6.46),suicide plans (OR=6.09,95%CI=5.39-6.89) and suicide attempts (OR=4.80,95%CI=4.04-5.69) than normal counterparts. Conclusion The BIOPHY is consistent with the evaluation standard of psychometrics. The predictive validity of BIOPHY is good and could be used in the future researches focusing on adolescent mental health.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to understand the associations between childhood abuse experience,parent-child relationship and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in middle school students. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 14 500 middle school students from Shenzhen,Zhengzhou,Nanchang and Guiyang as participants. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on childhood abuse exposure,parent-child relationship and NSSI. Results: The prevalence of NSSI was 14.81%,while it was higher among male students (15.95%) than female students (13.64%) (χ2=15.29,P<0.01). A multivariate Logistic regression models showed that the moderate and high level of childhood abuse (OR=2.23,3.27) and the low level of parents-child relationship (OR=1.80,1.36) were associated with high NSSI detection rate among middle school students (P<0.01). In each group of childhood abuse,low level of father-child relationship was associated with high NSSI detection rate among middle school students (OR=1.36,1.34,1.56,P<0.05). In the group with high level of childhood abuse experience,low level of mother-child relationship was associated with high NSSI detection rate (OR=1.20,P<0.05). Among male students,those with high level of childhood abuse experience,low level of parentchild relationship were associated with high NSSI detection rate (OR=1.46,1.35,P<0.01); regardless of the level of childhood abuse experience,low level of father-daughter relationship was associated with NSSI detection rate (OR=1.64,1.54,1.68,P<0.01) among females. Conclusion Childhood abuse experience and poor parent-child relationship are associated with NSSI in middle school students, with distinct gender difference. Prevention of childhood abuse and the improvement of parent-child relationship are beneficial to the prevention and control of NSSI.