Objective: To study the group consultation in preventing psychological disorders causing by retirement. Methods: Implement group consultation to 23 elderly staff members from a government organization. Both the self-designed health knowledge and SCL-90 questionnaires were used before and after he/she participated the group consultation. Comparisons were conducted of the results getting from 18 old people who had never had the consultation. Results: There was significant difference in two groups. Experiments show that group consultation can impressively held to improve the psychological and behavior disroders. Conclusion: Group consultation is an effective way to prevent psychological problems causing by retirement.

BACKGROUND: Property of artificial liver reactor is generally evaluated by using an enclosed experimental device, which is constructed through simulating bioartificial liver supporting system. Moreover, the enclosed experimental device is also comprehensively evaluated biological function of hepatocytes and biological response efficiency. In addition, it is significance for primarily evaluating the properties of polysulfone membrane hollow fiber reactor to optimize bioartificial liver supporting system. OBJECTIVE: To construct polysulfone membrane bioreactor experimental system, understand the effects on plasma of patients with severe hepatitis, and observe the feasibility of hollow fiber reactor regarded as bioartificial liver reactor. DESIGN: Repeated measurement.SETTING: General Infectious Disease Institute, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: Seven Chinese mini-pigs with 1-7 days old and of either gender were provided by Experimental Animal Center, the Third Military Medical University (certification: F99017). The animal disposal accorded to the ethical standard. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) kits were purchased from Jingmei Bioengineering Company, China; polysulfone membrane hollow fiber reactor by Shanghai Dehong Biomaterial Institute, China; Cellco culture-circular artificial capillary culture system by Spectrum Company, USA; seven plasma exponents were taken from admission patients with chronic severe hepatitis during plasma exchange. All patients provided the informed consent, and the animal experiment was conducted with confirmed consent by the local ethics committee.METHODS: This study was performed at the General Infectious Disease Institute, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from January 2004 to July 2005. ① Experimental procedure: The experimental pigs underwent ablactation at 12 hours before experiment, and then hepatocytes were separated after cleaning their fur. An enclosed system was composed of polysulfone membrane hollow fiber reactor and Cellco culture-circular artificial capillary culture system, which were connected with oxygen-carbon dioxide diffusion tube and media holding pond. Interface of external cavity was blocked with clean rubber tampon. The separated hepatocytes underwent spheroid culture by using magnetic stirring method, and then they were inoculated in the external cavity of polysulfone membrane hollow fiber reactor. Next, 200 mL plasma from severe hepatitis patients was added in media holding pond and circled from internal cavity of reactor to media holding pond at the speed of 80 mL/min. ② Experimental evaluation: 2 mL liquid circulation separately collected from internal cavity of reactor at 0, 2, 4 and 6 hours after circulation was used to measure level of ammonia in supernatant by using glutamic dehydrogenase-violet method. In addition, content of total bilirubin was detected by using automatic biochemistry analyzer, prothrombin time by using automatic blood coagulometer, and TNF-α and TGF-β1 were detected according to the kits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of polysulfone membrane bioreactor on ammonia, bilirubin, prothrombin time, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in plasma of patients with severe hepatitis.RESULTS: ① Measurement of ammonia, total bilirubin and prothrombin time in patients with severe hepatitis: Level of ammonia decreased persistently, in particularly, the decrease was obvious from 0 to 2 hours, and then, it was decreased slowly. While, level of total bilirubin was also decreased persistently, and it was significantly lower at 6 hours than that at 0 hour (P < 0.05). Moreover, prothrombin time was decreased persistently, and it was significantly lower at 6 hours than that at 0 hour (P < 0.05). ② Measurement of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in patients with severe hepatitis: Contents of both TNF-α and TGF-β1 decreased persistently, and they were significantly lower at 6 hours than those at 0 hour (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Polysulfone membrane bioreactor experimental system can clear noxious substance of small molecules in plasma of patients with severe hepatitis, supply beneficial components, and decrease levels of cytokines. Therefore, it can be regarded as the bioartificial liver reactor.

Objective To observe the injuries of sodium citrate plasma(scP) on the growth and function of HepG2 cells.Methods The HepG2 cells were cultured.The viability,cell cycle and apoptosis,the leakage of LDH,total protein,glutathione and the changes on morphology of hepatocytes exposured to scP were investigated.Results The viability of HepG2 cells was inhibited when the cells were cultured in scP for 24h(F=37.108,P=0.001).After 48h,nearly all cells died except cells in 10% scP group.After the cells were exposed to scP for 24h,the percentage of S phase of the cell cycle and the rate of apoptosis were significantly increased compared to those of the control.The leakages of LDH were increased in the HepG2 following exposure to scP for 5h(P

Objective To analysis the victim's help-seeking behavior of domestic violence. Methods Using a multi-stage sampling strategy,306 victims of domestic violence were randomly selected and face-to-face interviewed. A self-designed help-seeking questionnaire of domestic violence was administered. Results 33.7%victims felt nowhere to seek help. The three leading helpers they seek were the other family member (34.6%),neighbor and friend( 17.0% ) and community office ( 12.5% ) ,and the community office had highest prevalence of effect (71. 1% ). The prevalence of seeking help from other family member and Women's Federation were highest in urban victims (P＜0.01) ,and seeking help from community office was highest in rural victims (P＜0.01). The three leading helpers were other family member (27.3%) ,community office ( 15.8% ) and neighbor and friend ( 10.9% ) by male victims, and other family member ( 38.0% ), neighbor and friend ( 20.0% ) and community office ( 10.8% ) by female victims. The prevalence of seeking help from neighbor and friend was higher in female than in male ( 20.0% vs 10.9%, x2 = 3. 980, P＜ 0.05 ). Adult victims seek help from other family member were less than children and the elderly (31.6% vs 42.0% and 46.9%, x2 =5.993, P＜0.05),and the elderly seek help from community office were more than adults and children (28.1% vs 12. 1% and 4.0%, x2 =9.930, P＜0.01 ). The victims with higher level of education were with higher prevalence of feeling nowhere to seek help (47.8%). Seeking help from other family member and community office were most in victims with lower level of education( 38.5% and 24.0% ,respectively) and were least in victims with higher level of education ( 17.4% and 0,respectively, P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Help-seeking behaviors of victims of domestic violence are varied by geographic settings,age,gender and education levels.

Objective To investigate the best operative approach in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) by comparing surgical effects of median sternotomy, trans-sternal surgery and video-assisted thoracoscope surgery (VATS). Methods One hundred and nine patients who received thymectomy for MG were divided into median sternotomy group,trans-sternal group and VATS group according to the way of operative incision. The clinical features, such as operative time, operative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume and drainage time, postoperative hospitalization time, postoperative pulmonary infection, incisional infection, MG crisis, postoperative chronic pain and upper limb's movement disorder were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the effect of the surgery. Results The operative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume and drainage time,and incisional infection in VATS group [(77.5 ± 18.0) ml, ( 100.8 ± 11.8) ml,( 2.3 ± 0.5 ) d, 0 ] were superior to those in trans-sternal group[ (97.4 ± 14.3 ) ml, ( 175.8 ± 18.3 ) ml, ( 3.1 ±0.7 ) d, 6.2% ( 2/32 ) ] and median stemotomy group [ ( 130.1 ± 24.0) ml, ( 379.0 ± 45.6 ) ml, (4.2 ± 0.6) d,13.8% (9/65)] (P ＜0.05),and median sternotomy group was the worst. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection, MG crisis, upper limb's movement disorder and postoperative hospitalization time in VATS group were superior to those in trans-sternal group and median sternotomy group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Three mini-incision surgical approaches are safe, feasible and effective. VATS is more advantageous and is worth popularizing in large and medium-sized hospitals. Trans-sternal surgery is the better choice for primary hospitals without advanced technology and equipments.

Objective To summarize the clinical effect of open reduction and internal fixation for the proximal humeral fracture with locking proximal humerus plate (LPHP). Methods A total of 45 cases with complex humeral fractures were operated via deltoid-pectoral approach. According to the Neer classification, there were 33 cases with three-part fractures and 12 with four-part fractures. Neer nu- merical rating system was employed to evaluate postoperative function of the involved shoulder. Results Of all, 38 cases were followed up for a mean 14.7 months, which showed fracture union within 3 months in 35 cases and fracture union within 4 months in 3. According to the Neer numerical rating system, re- suh was excellent in 20 eases and satisfactory in 15, with total excellence rate of 92%. Conclusion LPHP is characterized by stable fixation, minor complication and high satisfaction, and hence is an effec- tive method for proximal humeral fractures.

Objective To study the status of professional commitment and its effect on self-esteem of non-medical undergraduates in medical colleges. Methods Totally 410 non-medical under-graduates and 403 medical undergraduate were investigated by professional commitment of undergrad-uate scales and self-esteem questionnaire of undergraduates. T test,chi-square test,ANOVA,corre-lation analysis and multiple regression analysis were employed to do statical analysis,with P<0.05 be-ing statistical differences. Results Non-medical undergraduates’scores of professional commitment (85.11 ±11.60)and self-esteem (2.57 ±0.37)were lower than those (93.82 ±11.43)and (2.62 ± 0.35) of medical undergraduates. There were statistical differences in non-medical undergraduates’ professional commitment concerning the variables of professional consistency (t=5.657,P=0.000)and grades (F=8.528,P=0.000). Professional commitment of non-medical undergraduates was positively correlated with self-esteem. There was linear regression relationship between the variables of emotion-al commitment (P=0.005),normative commitment (P=0.006)and self-esteem. Conclusions Non-medical undergraduates' professional commitment and self-esteem levels are lower than those of medical undergraduates. The professional commitment could produce obvious effects on self-esteem.

Objective To explore the correlation between domestic violence in pregnancy and plasma glutamate(Glu),γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)and coaisol levels in neonatels.Methods By crosssectional survey and domestic violence(DV)interview with Abuse Assessment Survey(AAS),56 abused pregnant women were screened and 107 non-abused pregnant women served as controls.Blood from umbilical vein of neonatal were collected immediately after delivery.Levels of Glu,GABA in plasma were assayed by using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection on samples.Levels of plasma cortisol were detecteded by with immunoradiometric assay.All variables of the two groups were compared.Chi-square,t/z-test,Spearman correlation,liner regression analysis were adopted.Results In the DV group,there were 49 women(87.5%)experiencing psychological abuse and 2(3.6%)physical abuse during pregnancy.Moreover,29 women(51.8%)experienced sexual abuse in the period of prognancy.By comparison,our study showed higher levels of plasma Glu,GABA and cortisol in neonates of the DV group than those of the controls[(1509±339)pmol/L vs(811±270)pmol/L,(1460±369)pmol/L vs (707±296)pmol/L,(491±87)μg/L vs(392±108)μg/L,t=14.326,t=14.138,t=5.916,P＜0.001]. Spearman correlation analysis showed significantly positive correlation between severity of psychological abuse and levels of Glu,GABA and cortisol(r=0.705,0.696,0.425,P＜0.01)and positive correlation between the severity of sexual abuse and levels of Glu,GABA and cortisol(r=0.471,0.424,0.274,P＜0.01).Conclusion Domestic violence in pregnancy may alter the levels of some excitatory and inhibitory amino acids and change the endocrinic function in neonatels.

Objective To investigate the effects of hemolysis on glycated albumin (GA) determined by ketoamine oxidase method and its correction.Methods GA concentration and hemolytic parameter(optical density,A) in non-hemolytic serum and different degree hemolytic serum samples were measured.The impact of hemolysis on GA and the relationship between hemolysis and GA were analysed.A formula was developed to correct the interference of hemolysis on GA measurement using regressive Multiple analysis.Results Compared with non-hemolytic serum,hemolysis resulted in the significantly decreased concentrations of GA detected by ketoamine oxidase method(P ＜ 0.01),which were significantly associated with the degree of hemolysis (R2 =0.943 4).Y and Z represented GA concentration of non-hemolytic serum and different degree hemolytic serum,while X represented optical density of hemolytic parameter.Formulas for GA measurement were presented:Y =2.468X + Z-0.015 73,GA concentrations of hemolytic samples can be reverted to the values without statistical difference from the GA concentration in corresponding non-hemolytic samples.The bias of corrected GA was less than 10％.Conclusion Our results indicate that the level of GA measured through ketoamine oxidase method is negatively affected by hemolysis.The formula of mathematical correction of GA results in hemolytic samples should be suitable for the requirements of clinical laboratory.

In order to adapt to the requirements of the modern clinical laboratory to medical laboratory technology personnel operation ability,our hospital has modified professional microbiology experiment course to modular teaching from the traditional teaching mode.In the process of teaching experiment,the experiment course and clinical practice class are arranged,and the experiment course of microbiology is divided into five modules:basic skills,application,comprehensive training,extension,and clinical practice module.Basic skills module focuses on the foundation that students learn to observe the microbial morphology and master the basic operation technology,at the same time,cultivates the students' sterile ideas and biological safety;Application module pays attention to the detection of various types of bacteria,lets the student have as many times of trying as possible,battle-hardened;Comprehensive training module emphasizes students' ability of analyzing and resolving problems;Extension module guides students actively to make diffusing thinking and comprehensive analysis of problems;The final clinical practice module that combines theory and practice,further consolidates the basic operation skills,cultivates students' comprehensive ability,improves students' the independent working ability and professional thinking and habits.Five modules link up with each other closely and have progressive layers of the process.In sum,modular teaching motivates the students' interest in learning,solves the problem of students' insufficient operating ability,improves the teaching effect and provides a reform method for improving the quality of microbiological test experiment.