To solve the problem of cardiac arrhythmias classification, we proposed a novel algorithm based on the multi-feature fusion and support vector machines (SVM). Kernel independent component analysis (KICA) was used to extract nonlinear features and wavelet transform (WT) was used to extract time-frequency features. Combining these features could include more information about the disease. We designed the classification model based on SVM combined with error correcting output codes (ECOC). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and Area Under the ROC curve (AUC) value were used to assess the classification model. The value of AUC is 0.956 against MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Experimental results showed effectiveness of the proposed method.
Algorithms ; Area Under Curve ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; classification ; diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Humans ; Principal Component Analysis ; ROC Curve ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Support Vector Machine

BACKGROUND:There are a variety of treatments for femoral head necrosis,but their efficacy is not confirmed and unified.How to improve the differentiation ability of osteoblasts in the femoral head and improve the biomechanical support after the repair of the femoral head is an urgent problem to be solved.OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical outcome of stem cells combined with vascularized iliac bone flap and tantalum rod implantation for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).METHODS:Totally 28 cases (36 hips) of non-traumatic ONFH admitted at the Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University from January 2010 to January 2011 were enrolled.Bone marrow samples were extracted from each patient to isolate bone marrow stromal stem cells which were cultured in vitro for 2 weeks.Tantalum rod implantation with vascularized iliac bone graft was conducted to restore the femoral head shape,and then,prepared stem cell suspension were injected into the iliac bone flap and into the subchondral space of the femoral head.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:All the 28 cases (36 hips) were followed up for 6-20 months (average 12 months),and their Harris hip scores and visual analogue scale scores at postoperative 6 and 12 months were significantly higher than the baseline (P ＜ 0.05).The Harris hip score at postoperative 12 months was significantly higher than that at postoperative 6 months (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the visual analogue scale scores at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P ＞ 0.05).At the end of 12-month follow-up,clinical outcomes were excellent in 13 hips,good in 15 hips,fair in 4 hips,and poor in 4 hips,with an excellent and good rate of 90％.These findings indicate that autologous bone marrow stromal stem cell transplantation with vascularized iliac bone flap and tantalum rob implantation is an effective method with high clinical success rate for the treatment of ONFH.

BACKGROUND:Seed cells and scaffold are two key factors for cartilage defects after osteonecrosis of femoral head using tissue-engineered method. OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility of Bio-gide col agen membrane combined with dog bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from beagle dogs by whole bone marrow blood centrifugation method and adherence screening method in vitro and cultured. Morphological changes in cells were observed, and identification was done using cellsurface antigens. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of passage 3 were induced by chondrocyte induction medium to differentiate into chondrocytes (experimental group). cells cultured in normal medium were considered as control group. 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was used to measure growth curve of chondrocytes. cells underwent typeⅡcol agen immunohistochemistry and toluidine blue staining. The coculture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells at passage 3 and Bio-gide col agen membrane were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with high purity and high viability were obtained by whole bone marrow blood centrifugation method and adherence screening method. cells grew wel and had strong amplified ability, and successful y differentiated into chondrocytes. Numerous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells adhered on the Bio-gide col agen membrane, showing a tendency of multi-layer growth. cells and Bio-gide col agen membrane seem to blend into an integrant part. Cel processes appeared and connected each other and gradual y wrapped the Bio-gide col agen membrane, with the presence of obvious cel matrix secretion. These results suggested that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can grow and differentiate into chondrocytes on the Bio-gide col agen membrane.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility and anatomy landmark of the frontal beak approach of endoscopic frontal sinusotomy to the frontal sinus lesions. METHOD: (1)Twenty cases of frozen cadaveric head underwent spiral computed tomography scans. Then data were transferred into the Mimics image workstation to reorganize CT images in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. The anatomic parameters related to surgical approach points were measured, such as the distance between vertical plate of the middle turbinate and lamina papyracea and the thickness of the frontal beak. (2) 3D visual model of the frontal cell and the drainage way of the frontal sinus was produced with the application of Sinuses Trachea I software. (3)The endoscopic frontal sinus surgery were performed on 20 cases of subjects (objects)to find out the anatomy landmarks of the frontal beak approach, measure the parameters such as the distance between middle turbinate and lamina papyracea, and evaluate the potential surgical complications during operation. RESULT: (1)The frontal beak is a white bony arcs located at the attachment point of middle turbinate front inserted to the skull base. Its position was relatively constant, before frontal sinus above. (2)The distance between the middle turbinate vertical plate and lamina papyracea was (7. 61 ± 1. 34) mm. The thickness of the frontal beak in surgical approach was (3. 27 ± 0. 91) mm. (3) 3D visual structure of the frontal sinus and its ventilation pathway: the shape of unilateral frontal sinus looked like the cone, which was transited by the drainage pathway of the frontal sinus. The front part of the frontal sinus ostium is surrounded by the frontal beak. The upper part the frontal beak connected to the floor of the frontal sinus. (4) Frontal beak can be used as an landmark of frontal beak approach in the endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. But the lateral view of frontal sinus still was limited in the operation. CONCLUSION The endoscopic frontal sinus surgery with the approach of the frontal beak is easy to operate and learn. In this area between the double "L", the operation is safe.
Anatomic Landmarks ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Frontal Sinus ; surgery ; Humans ; Skull Base ; Software ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Turbinates ; anatomy & histology

AIM: To investigate the influence of the cornus officinalis glycosides (COG) on immunological function of corneal transplantation model of rats, and to clarify the immunosuppressive mechanism of COG through observing the activation of lymphocytes in blood. METHODS: Wister rats were used as recipients and SD rats were used as corneal graft donors, then the corneal allografts transplantation model on the closed colony rats were set up. Splenocytes proliferation and mixed lymphocyte reaction of Wister rats activated by ConA were observed. The phenotype change of CD4, CD8, CD25 in blood in different time postoperatively were observed by the di-sign flow cytometry, and the rate of CD4/CD8 was calculated. RESULTS: 1. The COG suppressed the proliferation of T lymphocytes and one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction on the corneal allografting. 2. The phenotype change of lymphocytes in boold was as follows: there was no significant difference between the different time of the CD4, CD8 expression and the CD4/CD8 rate in blood of the control group. The CD4 positive cells expressed CD25 postoperatively increased obviously. The CD4/CD8 rate of medicine group had the tendency to decrease. The CD4 positive cells expressed CD25 postoperation in the medicine group were less than that in the control group obviously. CONCLUSION: The suppression of the T lymphocyte proliferation, mixed lymphocyte reaction, CD molecule expressed by the activated T lymphocytes and the IL-2 receptor expression may be the main immunosuppressive mechanisms of Cornus officinalis glycosides on the cell-mediated immunity.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis,operation characteristics and clinical effect of anterior Pilon fracture.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out to analyze 13 patients who had been treated for anterior pilon fracture from September 2012 to March 2014.All had fresh closed fracture.Mean age was 39.8 years (range,18-61 years).Injury resulted from high falls in 11 patients and falls in 2 patients.According to the preoperative imaging manifestations and four column fracture classification,the fracture type was mainly anterior column fracture.All underwent open reduction and internal fixation with buttress plates,and allograft bone was performed in 8 patients.At the last followup,American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and visual analogue scale(VAS) were employed for clinical evaluation.Results Mean period of follow-up was 15.7 months (range,12-30 months).Mean AOFAS score was 91.38 points (range,74-100 points).Excellent results were found in 10 patients,good in 2 and fair in 1,with the excellent-good rate of 92％.Mean VAS score was 1.08 points (range,0-3 points).Traumatic arthritis occurred in 1 patient.Skin necrosis occurred in 1 patient,and was cured by dressing change.There were no complications such as infection,refracture or implant failure.Conclusions Mechanism of injury in anterior pilon fracture is vertical violence when the foot in dorsiflexion position.Imaging findings are mainly characterized by the compression in anterior articular surface of the distal tibia,which is often implicated in the anterior medial malleolus but in part is combined with lateral malleolus fracture.The fracture is the result of high energy injury,and can be diagnosed by mechanism of injury and imaging manifestations.Through anterior approach,open reduction and internal fixation with buttress plates plus allogenic bone grafting obtain satisfactory outcomes.

Objective:To prepare the multilayer alginate chitosan microspheres loading vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vancomycin (VAN), and to study in vitro release characteristics.Methods:The microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross-linking and self-assembly techniques.The effects of sodium alginate concentration, calcium chloride concentration, oil/water ratio and span80 concentration on the entrapment efficiency(EE) and drug loading(DL) of VEGF and VAN were investigated by orthogonal experimental design to optimize the preparation process.The surface morphology and particle size of microspheres were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).Self-assembly was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR).The EE, DL and in vitro release of VEGF and VAN were detected by ELISA double antibody sandwich method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,and the cumulative release curve was drawn.Results:The prepared microspheres were yellowish brown powder.The SEM results showed that the microspheres were spherical, the surface was smoothy, and the dispersity was better.The average particle size was about 50 μm.Sodium alginate concentration of 1.0 g·mL-1, CaCl2 concentration of 8 g·mL-1, oil to water ratio of 3∶1, and span80 concentration of 2% were the best formula.The EE of VEGF and VAN were 49.63% and 16.67%, respectively.In vitro, the cumulative release last 16.5 d and 12.5 d respectively and the amount reached up to 95%.Conclusion:The multilayer alginate chitosan microspheres loading VEGF and VAN present several advantages, such as smaller particle size, higher EE and better controlled release.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of Xiongzhi Dilong decoction(XZDLD)and its wind medicine on calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)-induced migraine and explore the mechanism through the CGRP/inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)pathway.Methods:Rats were divided into control,model,XZDLD,XZDLD(external wind),XZDLD(internal wind),and olcegepant groups.CGRP was injected into the dura mater to induce a migraine.The frequency of head scratching,cage climbing,and facial grooming was observed.The pain threshold,the levels of CGRP,pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP),substance P(SP),and the plasma protein extravasation(PPE)ratio were measured.The phosphorylation levels of p38,extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),and expression of iNOS were detected by western blot.Results:Compared with the model group,the three modified XZDLD groups showed reduced frequency of head scratching and cage climbing in the first 30 min(all P＜.05).Facial grooming frequency was reduced in XZDLD and XZDLD(external wind)groups(P=.0003 and P=.0131,respectively).External wind medicine played a more important role in increasing mechanical pain threshold than internal wind medicine.Moreover,compared with the model group,the three modified XZDLD groups demonstrated reduced plasma levels of CGRP and PACAP(all P＜.05).No difference in the SP level was observed among the six groups.XZDLD reduced PPE ratio.XZDLD and XZDLD(external wind)groups suppressed the CGRP/iNOS pathway by inhibiting the p-p38/p38 ratio and the expression of iNOS.No difference in pERK1/2/ERK1/2 ratio was detected among the six groups.Conclusion:XZDLD increases pain threshold,downregulates the expression of CGRP and PACAP,and reduces PPE ratio by inhibiting the CGRP/iNOS pathway.External wind medicine is more effective than internal one on improving facial grooming and head scratching,increasing the mechanical pain threshold,and inhibiting the expression of iNOS.

Water content determination is an important aspect of quality research in the whole process of pharmaceutical development, production, storage and use.Therefore, it is significant to develop an accurate and robust method for the determination of water content in the quality control of pharmaceuticals.In this article, the selection and strategy for the study of water determination methods are explained on the basis of general water determination principles and application examples in Chinese and foreign pharmacopoeias, together with the analysis of sample structure, solubility and water content.This article aims to provide basis for the development of moisture testing methods and formulation of proper quality standards for pharmaceuticals.