As an anchoring protein,receptor for activated C kinase 1 ( RACK1 ) can combine together with many kinds of intracellular signaling molecules and participate in many signal conduction in cells.Researchers have paid close attention to the role of RACK1 in signal transduction molecule network of tumor cells.Abundant studies reveal that RACK1 can regulate signal transduction by regulating tumorigenesis and immune escape in tumor cells,and then play important roles.

Objective To study perioperative managements and clinical outcome of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma with thrombosis and cancer emboli in portal vein.Methods From July 2000 to December 2002, 10 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma having thrombosis or cancer emboli in portal vein before operation were subjected to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in our hospital. Nine patients underwent anastomosis of low portal vein by end-to-end method after cleaning the thrombosis and emboli, and one underwent cavoportal hemitransposition.Results Nine of the 10 patients recovered without recurrence of portal thrombosis. One died of portal thrombosis recurrence on the 8th postoperative day and one died of infection on the 60th postoperative day. During the follow-up period of 3 to 31 months, hepatocellular cancer recurred in 7, 12, 13 and 25 months after operations in 4 patients. The remaining 4 patients survived without tumor recurrence.Conclusion Portal thrombosis and cancer emboli are not the absolute contraindications in liver transplantation. Appropriate managements can get satisfactory results.

Objective To observe protective effects of allicin on heart and lung in aging mice induced by D-galactose, and try to explore the possible mechanism from the aspect of oxidative stress. Methods Fifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal control group ( group C) ,model control group ( group D) and high-,middle-and low-dose of allicin groups ( H,M,L group) . The rats in group D,L,M and H were injected with D-galactose. At the same time,the rats in group L,M and H were injected with allicin. All of the injection lasted for 6 weeks. After that,athletic ability of the mice was evaluated by behavioral experiments. Malondialdehyde ( MDA ) content, superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) activity and total antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC) in the homogenate of heart and lung tissues were measured,and the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were tested in heart and lung. Results Behavioral experiment showed that standing time on Rota Rod System and continuous running time on mice treadmill were significantly shortened in group D as compared with group C ( P<0.05) ,but those were prolonged in the allicin groups. Compared with group C,MDA content in homogenate of myocardium and lung tissues was significantly increased in group D (P<0.05),the activity of SOD was decreased (P<0.05) and T-AOC was decreased (P<0.05) . As compared with group D,MDA content in allicin groups was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) ,SOD activity increased (P<0.05) and A-TOC increased (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Bax was significantly increased in group D as compared with group C,and the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased. After the intervention of allicin,expression of Bax was decreased in group L,M and H as compared with group D, and expression of Bcl-2 was increased as compared with group D. Expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 in lung tissues showed the same changing trend. Conclusion Allicin has a potential protect role on heart and lung in D-galactose-induced aging mice by increasing athletic ability,decreasing oxidative stress and decreasing cell apoptosis of myocardium and lung tissues.

Objective:To observe the effects of myricetin on autophagy and mitochondrial fission in the human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells,and to explore its induction effect on autophagy and promoting effect on mitochondrial fission.Methods: The SKOV3 cells were cultured in vitro.0,20,40,and 60 g·L-1 myricetin were used in control group and low, middle, high doses of myricetin groups for 12 h.The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry;the morphology of mitochondria was observed by MitoTracker Red;the expression levels of dynamin related protein1 (Drp1) and fission 1 (Fis1) in various groups were detected by Western blotting method;and the expression levels of autophagy related protein LC3 were detected by both Western blotting method and immunofluorescence method.Results:Compared with control group, the ratios of decreased mitochondria in different doses of myricetin groups were significantly increased(t=3.27, t=6.85, t=5.49,P<0.05).Compared with control group, the numbers of mitochondria in different doses of myricetin groups were increased, and the mitochondria looked more like gravel.Compared with control group,the expression levels of Drp1 in different doses of myricetin groups were significantly increased (t=4.35, t=3.28, t=6.17,P<0.05), and the expression levels of Fis1 were increased also(t=8.32, t=6.74, t=9.27).The immunofluorescence results showed that the expression levels of LC3 in different doses of myricetin groups were significantly increased with the increase of myricetin dose compared with control group.The Western blotting results showed that the ratios of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ in middle and high doses of myricetin groups were significantly increased compared with control group(t=3.28, t=4.21,P<0.05).Conclusion: Myricetin can induce the autophagy of SKOV3 cells, and it can also promote the mitochondrial fission.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Guizhi Decoction, Chaihu Guizhi Decoction, Xiaochaihu Decoction and camostat on rat spontaneous chronic pancreatitis and the pathological relationships between formulas and syndromes. METHODS: Fifty-seven male WBN/Kob rats at age of 4 weeks were divided into five groups: untreated group (n=18), Guizhi Decoction-treated group (n=9), Chaihu Guizhi Decoction-treated group (n=9), Xiaochaihu Decoction-treated group (n=9) and camostat-treated group (n=12). The rats in each group were fed with corresponding drugs for 12 weeks. The pancreatic wet weight and histopathological changes of pancreatic tissue were observed every four weeks. Meanwhile, the expression level of pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) in pancreas was detected by RT-PCR technique and immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: In the untreated group, the histopathological changes in pancreas were observed in rats at 12-week age, while such changes were absent in the Guizhi Decoction-treated group. The histopathological changes in pancreas were quite remarkable in rats at 16-week age in both the Xiaochaihu Decoction-treated and the camostat-treated groups. The expression level of PAP mRNA was lower in the Guizhi Decoction-treated group than those in the other groups. The PAP expressions were absent in rats at 12-week age in the Guizhi Decoction-treated and the Chaihu Guizhi Decocion-treated groups. CONCLUSION: Guizhi Decoction, Chaihu Guizhi Decoction, Xiaochaihu Decoction and camostat are all beneficial to prevention and cure of chronic pancreatitis, and Guizhi Decoction is the most effective one. It is speculated that Taiyang exterior syndrome may be the pathogenesis of basic syndrome may be the pathogenesis of basic syndrome of spontaneous chronic pancreatitis, and the expression of PAP may be its pathological basis.

Objective To separate the CD133 + subpopulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and investigate the tumorigenicity.Methods The human liver cancer tissues were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice to generate xenograft tumors which were then isolated to prepare single cell suspension.The expression of CD133 + subpopulation was further detected using flow cytometry.The CD133 + subpopulations were separated and depurated with magnetic-activated cell sorting system.Immunofluorescence was performed to identify the histological phenotype of CD133 + subpopulation.The in vitro and in vivo clone formation assay and in vivo xenograft formation assay were performed, respectively.Results Flow cytometry analysis revealed that a percentage of (4.1 ± 0.6) ％ CD133 + cells were detected in xenografts.Immunofluorescence studies showed that (86.8 ± 7.5) ％ of the isolated cells were CD133 +.Compared with CD133-population, CD133 + cells showed a higher capability to generate clone sphere in vitro and a higher tumorigenicity in nude mice (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The CD133 + subpopulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma had a potent tumorigenicity and was enriched in cancer stem cells.

ObjectiveTo compare the therapeutic effects of percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD group),percutaneous cervical disc nucleoplasty(PCN) and the association of them (PCDN) for the treatment of cervical intervertebral disk displacement and instability of cervical vertebral column.Methods From February 2003 to April 2011,171 consecutive patients with cervical disc herniation have presented at the authors' hospital and were retrospectively studied.The average age of patients was 47.8 years(ranged,21-74).Ninety-seven cases were treated with PCD,50 cases with PCN,and the other 24 cases with PCDN.Clinical result and the stability of cervical vertebral column after operation were evaluated and compared among the 3 groups.ResultsAll cases had been followed up for a median of 4.1 years.There was significant difference in the pre- and post-operation the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) scoring system on within 3groups (PCD:t=21.85,P＜0.05; PCN:t=14.50,P＜0.05; PCDN:t=8.56,P＜0.05).All cases had been successfully operated.There was no significant difference between groups among the 3 groups in terms of the clinical outcomes(The recovery rate of JOA standard evaluation,F=2.19,P=0.12).According to Odom criteria,the excellent and good rate are as follows:81.35％ in PCD,82.44％ in PCN,83.19％ in PCDN,respectively.There was no significant difference between groups among the 3 groups in terms of the clinical success rate (P＞0.05).There was no instability of cervical vertebral column cases in 3 groups after operation(P＞0.05),and no significant difference was found in terms of cervical vertebral column stability in pre- and post-operation in each group.ConclusionAll the three operations including PCN,PCD and PCDN are safe,minimally invasive spine surgery for the treatment of cervical intervertebral disk displacement; they achieve good clinical outcomes and there are no difference on the stability of cervical vertebral column between preoperation and postoperation.

To investigate the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and syndrome types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in posthepatitis B cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of the autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). METHODS The VSMCs were incubated with different concentrations of H2O2(50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1200 and 1600 μmol · L-1)for 12 and 24 h. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope. The expression of autophagy related protein ubiquitin binding protein p62 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3)was detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Western blotting was used to detect autophagy related protein human coiled-coil myosin-like BCL2-interacting protein (Beclin-1),LC3 and mammalian target of sirolimus Rapamycin(mTOR),as well as the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)related protein glucose regulated proteins 78 ku(GRP78)and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP). RESULTS MTT results showed that H2O2 inhibited the growth of VSMCs cells. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 597.2±2.3 and(447.4±1.7)μmol·L-1 at 12 and 24 h,respectively. The results of the inverted phase contrast microscope showed that VSMCs in H2O2 group shrinked and turned into smaller round cells. The cell survival rate declined from(97.5 ± 0.1)% in normal control group to(74.4 ± 1.0)% and(56.8 ± 0.9)% in H2O2 400μmol·L-1 at 12 and 24 h, respectively. The results of the laser scanning confocal micro?scope showed that H2O2 400 μmol · L- 1 increased the expression of LC3 and p62 protein in a cytoplasmic time-dependent manner, and increased the colocalization of LC3 and p62,especially at 8 h. The results of Western blotting demonstrated that H2O2 increased the expression of ERS related protein GRP78 and CHOP,autophagy related protein Beclin-1 and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ(P<0.01),and decreased mTOR(P<0.01)in VSMCs. CONCLUSION H2O2 induces autophagy through ERS in VSMCs.

Research on disease-syndrome combination is the main approach and method of research on integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Disease-syndrome combination embodies the complementary advantages of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. It discusses the relationship between diseases and syndromes through an interdisciplinary approach, and explores rules of disease diagnosis and treatment based on differential diagnosis. Thanks to the development of modern life science techniques, research on disease-syndrome combination has made great achievements. This article mainly introduced the application and the development prospects of new techniques, such as data mining, system biology, epigenetics, biological network and network pharmacology in the research on disease-syndrome combination in recent years, with a purpose to provide the ideas and the methods for further research and clinical application.