By the routine electron microscopy the ultrastructure of the epididymis of 10 rats is studied.Except the principal cells,there is no significant difference in the ultrastructure of the other cell types of the epididymal epithelium between segments.The principal cell shows the ultrastructural characteristics of secretion and absorption.However,the ultrastructural characteristics of the principal cells in the proximal epididymvs show more tendency to absorbent and that in the distal epididymis show more tendency to secretory.Further-more it is observed that some halo cells are surrounded by small cells which possess long processes.Some or a few number of clear cells in the caudal epididymis contain some crystaloid inclusions in their basal cytoplasm.The presence of the fenestrated capillary in the peritubular tissue is also found.The meaning of the ultrastructures mentioned above is discussed.

Objective:To investigate the expression of estrogen receptor ? and ?(ER? and ER?) in temporomandibular joints(TMJs) of Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods:The expression of ER? and ER? in TMJs was examined by SABC technique of immunocytochemistry, meanwhile the co-expression of them was detected by double-staining technique of immunocytochemistry.Results:①Intense ER? and ER? immunoreactivity was localized in the hypertrophic layer of condyle cartilage,and some immunoreactivity was found in osteocytes of mandible and temporal bone. ②The immunoreactivity of ER? and ER? was found in both nuclei and cytoplasms. Most of immunoreactivity of ER? was localized in nuclei, while ER? was distrubuted more evenly. ③The expression of ER? was wider than that of ER?.Conclusions:TMJ is one of target organs of estrogen.The expression of ER? is different from that of ER?,which suggests there may be different mechanisms directed by ERs.

Objective: To investigate the root canal curvatures of anterior teeth in the Han nationality in Shaanxi province.Methods:392 permanent anterior teeth were examined by indirect digital radiography both from labiolingual and mesiodistal directions according to Schneider method, root canal curvatures were analyzed by electronic rule.Results:Root canals of the anterior teeth were mainly of type I. High rate of root canal curvature was found in maxillary canines (68.5%), and most of curves were in the apical third. There was a relationship between the root canal curvatures of maxillary canine and age(P=0.03). Conclusion:Root canal curvatures of maxillary canine are complicated,especially in maxillary canines. The root canal curvatures of maxillary canine decreased with aging.

Objective To evaluate clinical application of arterial embolotherapy on hyperthyroidism. Methods 11 patients with hyperthyroidism were performed with thyroid superior and inferior arterial super selective arteriography and interventional embolization by polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),gelfoam particles and wool gianturco coil. Results The procedures were succeeded in 11 patients. After the embolotherapy , the thyroid function gradually returned to normal level in 10 patients. The symptom was not controlled satisfactorily in 1 patient, who underwent the right thyroid inferior arteries superselective arteriography and interventional embolization, and then the thyroid function gradually returned to normal level. No serious complications occurred in all patients. Conclusions Arterial embolotherapy is a safe, simple,symptomless, reliable and very effective for treatment of hyperthroidism.

objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of various materials used in the reconstruction of mandibular defects retrospectively. Methods: 467 patients with mandibular defects were treated with various implantation materials during last 30 years and 395 of them were followed up.Results: 217 were satisfied with their mouth opening, occlusion and maxillofacial contour after sugery, 189 of them had bone transplanation and 28 had non biomateria transplantaion; 91 were partly satisfied, 72 of them had bone trasplantation and 19 had non biomateria; 87 were not satisfied, 11 of them had bone trasplantation and 76 had non biomaterial. Conclusion: Bone especially auto bone transplantation is more effective than non biomaterial in the reconstruction of mandibular deffects.

Objective To explore the lowest and most effective dose of dezocine in preventing postoperative pain after painless artificial abortion.Methods A total of 180 ASA Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ patients who accepted painless artificial abortion were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =30 patients per group).Group 1 (control) was given the placebo (0.9％ NS; 2 ml) by vein while other groups were given dezocine by vein with 0.01 mg/kg (group 2),0.02 mg/kg (group 3),0.03 mg/kg (group 4),0.04 mg/kg (group 5),and 0.05 mg/kg (group 6),respectively.The dosage of propofol,BP,HR,SpO2 during the operation,operation time,consciousness recovery time,analgesic effect (VAS score),leaving time,defecation feeling,and untoward reaction of each group were recorded and compared.Results The dosage of propofol in the 5 dezocine groups were significantly lower than that in the control group,respectively (t =2.38,4.72,6.03,4.57,3.96,P ＜ 0.05),while the difference in the operation time,consciousness recovery time and leaving time between the 5 dezocine groups and the control group had not statistical significance (P ＞0.05).The effect of postoperative analgesia and defecation feeling were apparently improved in the group 3,4,5 and 6,compared to the control group(group 3:x2 =3.36,6.94,P ＜ 0.05;group 4:x2 =7.17,15.01,P ＜ 0.05 ; group 5:x2 =15.5,24.3,P ＜ 0.01 ; group 6:x2 =13.01,20.24,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The lowest and most effective dose of dezocine was 0.05 mg/kg in preventing postoperative pain after painless artificial abortion.

Objective:To investigate the effect of tooth wear on the morphological features of mandibular first molars. Methods:15 extracted mandibular first molars with tooth wear and 15 without wear were investigated. Data about the morphological features of tooth were collected through the general measurement and the image measurement by electronic meter. Results:①In non-tooth-wear group, mesiodistal width of tooth was greater than buccolingual width(P0.05); ②The vertical distance between the lowest point of pulp chamber roof and occlusal surface in non-tooth-wear group was greater than that in tooth-wear group(P05); ④The distance between distolingual pulp horn and distal proximal plane was greater than that between mesiolingual pulp horn and mesial proximal plane in both two groups(P0.05). Conclusion:For different parts of tooth, the effect of tooth wear differs. As for mandibular first molars, the distal part of occlusal surface and the buccal part of distal proximal plane are susceptible to tooth wear, which is mainly due to occlusal factors and the features of biomechanical system.

Objective To evaluate arterial embolization in the treatment of hyperthyrodism.Methods The catheterization of the femoral artery was carried out with Seldinger's method.After super-selective catheterization of superior and inferior thyroid arteries were completed,embolization with PVA,grain of gelfoam or wreath of spring was performed.Results The procedures were succeeded in 11 cases.After the embolization,the function of thyroid gradually retuned to normal level.All of them were healed clinically.Conclusion Arterial embolization is a simple,safe,reliable and very effective treatment for hyperthyrodism.

AIM:Early calcification of atherosclerotic plaques are colocalized with macrophage and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a cytokine associated with biomineralizing process under physiological and pathological conditions .Our study aims to evaluate whether HMGB1 induces ectopic mineralization via promoting the secretion of matrix vesicles ( MVs) from macrophages .METHODS:HMGB1 was added to the medium of macrophages , the secretion of MVs in the supernatant was tested by flow cytometry analysis .The mineral deposition in calcifying medium was detected by Alizarin Red staining and von Kossa staining .Transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals in MVs .Then we subcutaneous injection into mice with MVs to induce regional minera-lization.RESULTS:HMGB1 significantly promoted secretion of MVs from macrophages as raveled by flow cytometry analysis .TNAP activity, considered as a marker of MVs maturation , was higher in HMGB1-induced MVs compared to the control-MVs.HMGB1-MVs also led to mineral deposition in an in vitro MVs-collagen mineralization model .Subcutaneous injection into mice with MVs derived from HMGB1-treated cells showed a greater potential to initiate regional mineralization .Mechanistic experiments revealed that HMGB 1 activated neutral sphingomyelinase 2 ( nSMase2 ) that involved the receptor for advanced glycation end products ( RAGE ) and p38 MAPK (upstream of nSMase2).Inhibition of nSMase2 with GW4869 or p38 MAPK with SB-239063 prevented MVs secretion and min-eral deposition .CONCLUSIONS: HMGB1 induces MVs secretion from macrophages at least in part , via the RAGE/p38 MAPK/nSMase2 signaling pathway .Our findings thus reveal a novel mechanism by which HMGB 1 may participated in the early calcification of atherosclerotic plaques .

Objective To investigate whether initial intervention based on WBC measured within 2 hours postoperatively can reverse the uroseptic shock induced by UUTEL.Methods From May,2015 to July 2015,24 female New Zealand rabbits,weighing 2.0-2.5 kg,born 2-3 months,used as uroseptic shock model.Their ureters were ligated and followed by injection of Escherichia coli solution into the renal pelvis.Then,those animals were randomly assigned into control group(the first group)and experimental groups (the second group,the third group).Each group had 8 rabbits initially.The first group did not receive sensitive antibiotic or fluid resuscitation.The second group received imipenem and cilastatin sodium 15mg/kg and normal saline 5 ml/kg 2 hours postoperatively.The third group received sensitive antibiotic and fluid resuscitation the same dosage as the second group 6 hours postoperatively.Mean arterial pressure(MAP) was recorded for 10 hours and survival rate of all groups for 72h postoperatively was recorded..The clinical data of 46 patients whose WBC count less than 2.85 × 109/L within two hours after UUTEL were analyzed retrospectively.These patients were divided into two groups based on the time of intervention.Group A including 19 patients received routine antibiotic,fluid therapy,low-dose corticosteroids when there was symptom of shock.Group B including 27 patients immediately received resuscitation bundle protocol when there was a drastic decrease in WBC.The incidence of septic shock,the rate of intubation,length of stay in ICU,length of stay in hospital postoperatively,hospitalization cost and survival rate of these two groups were compared.Results All 8 rabbits of the first group died within 72 h,postoperatively and the median time of survival was 11 h.None of the second group rabbits developed shock and all rabbits survived 72 h after operation.6/8 rabbits of the third group survived 72 h after operation.15 patients in Group A and 3 patients in Group B experienced acute uroseptic shock (P ＜ 0.05).11 patients in Group A and one patients in Group B underwent tracheal intubation (P ＜ 0.05).18 patients in Group A and 6 patients in Group B were transferred to ICU(P ＜ 0.05),and their length of stay in ICU was (10.8 ± 5.4) d and (7.5 ± 2.8) d,respectively(P ＞ 0.05).The length of stay in hospital and hospitalization cost of Group A and B were (19 ± 9.8)d vs.(7 ±4.7)d(P ＜0.05),(94 583 ±51 623) RMB vs.(35 389 ± 16 342) RMB respectively (P ＜ 0.05).One patient in Group A died due to acute uroseptic shock and none of Group B died.Conclusions Our animal model and clinical cohort study showed that initial intervention based on WBC mneasured within 2 hours postoperatively can reverse the uroseptic shock induced by UUTEL and improve the prognosis.