Objective:To investigate the correlation and dose-response relationship of pulse pressure and pulse pressure index with metabolic syndrome in the elderly population.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study.A total of 114 212 subjects aged 65 years and over in Wujin District receiving health examination in 2019 were enrolled, including 40 388(35.4%)patients with metabolic syndrome.The survey contents included a questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests.Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the correlation and dose-response relationship of pulse pressure and pulse pressure index with metabolic syndrome.Results:With increases in pulse pressure levels and pulse pressure index, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components increased accordingly( P<0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, the ORvalue of metabolic syndrome gradually increased along with increases in pulse pressure and pulse pressure index.Compared with the first quartile, pulse pressure and pulse pressure index in the second, third and fourth quartiles were correlated with metabolic syndrome(pulse pressure: OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.47~1.58, OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.82~1.96 and OR=2.15, 95% CI: 2.07~2.23, respectively; pulse pressure index: OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.18~1.26, OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.31~1.41 and OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.42~1.53, respectively). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed that pulse pressure and pulse pressure index had non-linear dose-response relationships with metabolic syndrome( χ2=309.23 and 57.14, P<0.01). Conclusions:Pulse pressure and pulse pressure index are correlated and show non-linear dose-response relationships with metabolic syndrome and its components in the elderly.

Aim The relative bioavailability of domestic ibudilast sustained release capsules in healthy volunteers was observed.Methods A single oral dose of 20 mg of imported and domestic ibudilast sustained release capsules and 10 mg of ibudilast raw material was separately given to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study. Ibudilast concentration in plasma was determined by HPLC method.Results The Cmax were (54.9?9.7),(60.7?9.1) and (62.2?11.5) ?g?L-1; the tmax were (3.8?0.8),(3.9?0.8) and (1.8?0.3) h;the t1/2(ke) were (1.5?1.4),(12.1?1.0) and (3.5?0.5) h,and the AUC(0～t) were (618.1?57.7),(588.1?66.6) and (233.0?46.4) ?g?h?L-1 in imported capsule group, domestic capsule group and raw material group respectively. The relative bioavailability of domestic sustained release capsules of ibudilast is (95.6?11.0)%. Conclusion The results of statistical analysis demonstrate that the imported and domestic sustained capsules have significant character of significantly sustained release and are bioequivalent.

OBJECTIVETo preliminarily research the formular about the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome of adolescent neck pain.

METHODSAn observation table of adolescent neck pain syndromes was formulated,and 1 397 patients with adolescent neck pain were investigated to establish a database of adolescent neck pain. The Descriptive Statistical Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were performed by statistical software.

RESULTSTotally 60 TCM symptoms was clustered into 4 TCM syndromes by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. The expert panel of TCM syndromes preliminarily formulate 4 TCM syndromes of adolescent neck pain by analyzing the result of Cluster Analysis and discussing their clinical experience.

CONCLUSIONAdolescent neck pain is a category of Tendon Trauma's Bi-syndrome of TCM. Ying, Wei, Qi and blood block caused by exopathy, strains, and internal injury is considered as the main pathogenesis of adolescent neck pain. Base on statistical result and expert's opinions, 4 TCM syndromes about adolescent neck pain were formulated: cold-dampness syndrome, dampness-heat blockage syndrome, liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency syndrome, Qi and Yin deficiency of both heart and kidney syndrome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neck Pain ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Objective　To study the effects of measures for preventing early postburn damage in improving survival rate of burn patients during the third stage. Methods　12 568 burn cases admitted to our institute were chronically divided into three groups (1958-1980;1981-1990;1991-2000). Total burn surface area (TBSA), survival rate, incidence of burn shock, systemic infection and organ damage as well as the main treatments adopted in the recent decade were retrospectively analyzed. Results　Incidence of burn shock, systemic infection and organ damage were significantly lower, and the total survival rate and the survival rate in patients with different TBSA were markedly higher in the third group as compared with those in the first and the second group. Incidence of organ damage in patients treated with delayed fast fluid infusion, early escharectomy en masse, early enteral feeding, early prevention of inhalation injury and gut bacterial translocation were also significantly lower than in the control. Conclusion Measures taken in the third group for preventing early postburn damage play an important role in improving the survival rate of burn patients.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism* ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo gain insight into the mechanism by which sex-determining region of Y chromosome (SRY)-related high-mobility-group box 2 (SOX2) involved in carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells (CSCs).

DATA SOURCESThe data used in this review were mainly published in English from 2000 to present obtained from PubMed. The search terms were "SOX2," "cancer," "tumor" or "CSCs."

STUDY SELECTIONArticles studying the mitochondria-related pathologic mechanism and treatment of glaucoma were selected and reviewed.

RESULTSSOX2, a transcription factor that is the key in maintaining pluripotent properties of stem cells, is a member of SRY-related high-mobility group domain proteins. SOX2 participates in many biological processes, such as modulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell death signaling, cell apoptosis, and most importantly, tumor formation and development. Although SOX2 has been implicated in the biology of various tumors and CSCs, the findings are highly controversial, and information regarding the underlying mechanism remains limited. Moreover, the mechanism by which SOX2 involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression is rather unclear yet.

CONCLUSIONSHere, we review the important biological functions of SOX2 in different tumors and CSCs, and the function of SOX2 signaling in the pathobiology of neoplasia, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, Survivin signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and so on. Targeting towards SOX2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy.

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic mechanism of point 8L54-through-point ST2S acupuncture with elongate needles in treating urinary retention after spinal cord injury.

METHODSThirty-five healthy Japanese rabbits (weight 2.5 +/- 0.25 kg, 3 months old, male or female), used as experimental subjects, were divided into 4 groups involving blank group, model group, acupuncture group, elongate needles group (5 rabbits in blank group, 10 rabbits in each of the other group 10). Modified Allen's method was used to cause spinal cord injury model for the model group, the acupuncture group and the elongate needles group, the blank group was only sham surgery. Immediately after spinal cord injury model,the elongated needle group was given the bilateral acupoints of the elongated needle penetration needling and electric stimulation, electrical stimulation 15 mm stimulation frequency of 20 to 40 times/mm, intensity 1.5 to 3 V the acupuncture group immediately was given ordinary electric needle acupuncture, given other disposals as the elongated needle group; model group was not given electric needle acupuncture, waiting 15 minutes, started to detect and record the observed indicator as the elongated needle group; the blank group was only sham surgery. The following indicators including the Tarlov score ,urinary bladder pressure point, the threshold urination, voided volume, were observed in the first day and the fifth day after surgery.

RESULTSThree groups of animals which modeled were urinary retention after operation. Compared to 1 d, Tarlov score of model group, acupuncture group and elongate needles group significantly improved at postoperative 5 d (P < 0.05). Compared with acupuncture group, the Tarlov score of elongate needles group had no significant difference at postoperative 5 d (P > 0.05). Compared with model group, values of urinary bladder pressure point decreased with varying degrees in the acupuncture group and elongate needles group at postoperative 5 d (P < 0.05); relative to the acupuncture group, the point of the bladder voiding pressure in the elongate needles group decreased more significantly at postoperative 5 d (P < 0.05); compared with model group, micturition threshold of acupuncture group and elongate needles group had been significantly improved at the fifth day after surgery (P < 0.05); relative to the acupuncture group, the improvement is more obvious in the elongate needles group. Compared with model group, voided volume of acupuncture group and elongate needles group had increased significantly at the fifth day after surgery (P < 0.05); relative to the acupuncture group, the increment is more evident in the elongate needles group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTo treat urinary retention after spinal cord injury, the method, which was point-through-point acupuncture with elongate needles in the "Zhibian" and "Shuidao", was better than general acupuncture method. The therapeutic mechanism may be related to stimulate peripheral nerve of bladder, and to rectify the dysfunction between detrusor and sphincter.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Male ; Rabbits ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Urinary Retention ; etiology ; therapy

Objective:To identify risk factors for infections by multidrug-resistant organisms(MDRO)in elderly patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)based on an retrospective analysis of data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-Ⅳ v2.0(MIMIC-Ⅳ v2.0).Methods:Structured query language was used to extract basic information, disease severity scores, laboratory test results, medications, medical procedures, and outcome events of elderly patients from MIMIC-Ⅳ v2.0.Patients were divided into a non-MDRO group and an MDRO group based on whether they had MDRO infections.Univariate analysis was performed according to the type of variables.For significant variables identified from univariate analysis, logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval for MDRO infections.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves.The log-rank test was used to analyze the 28-day survival rate.Results:A total of 31 237 cases were enrolled, including 26 032 with non-MDRO infections and 5 205 with MDRO infections.The MDRO infection rate was 16.7%.MDRO were most frequently found in urine cultures, and the most common bacteria belonged to the genus Enterobacter.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age( P=0.006), being male( P<0.001), coronary artery disease( P<0.001), brain disease( P=0.042), hemoglobin( P<0.001), albumin( P<0.001), and mechanical ventilation( P<0.001)were protective factors against MDRO infections.Diabetes( P<0.001), COPD( P<0.001), chronic kidney disease( P<0.001), white blood cell( P=0.001), SAPS Ⅱ( P<0.001), previous use of antibiotics( P<0.001), use of proton pump inhibitors( P<0.001), glucocorticoids( P<0.001), immunosuppressants( P<0.001)and sedatives( P<0.001), and continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)( P=0.015)were risk factors for MDRO infections.The 28-day mortality rates of the non-MDRO and MDRO groups were 16.3% and 19.1%, respectively.The log-rank test showed that the difference between two groups was statistically significant( P<0.001). Conclusions:The mortality rate among patients with MDRO infections is higher than among those with non-MDRO infections.Previous use of antibiotics, use of proton pump inhibitors, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and sedatives, mechanical ventilation, and CRRT are risk factors for MDRO infections.

OBJECTIVESTo explore the proliferative capacity of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and the function of T helper (Th) lymphocytes of patients with immuno-related pancytopenia (IRP).

METHODSTwenty-five untreated IRP patients, 15 IRP patients in complete remission (CR) and 10 normal controls were studied for in vitro yields of CFU-GM, CFU-E and BFU-E from bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC). The mRNA expressions of IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma and IL-2 genes in unstimulated BMMNC from 25 untreated IRP patients,15 IRP patients in CR, 19 patients with other hematological diseases presenting pancytopenia and 10 normal controls were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThere was no significant difference of the yields of CFU-E, CFU-GM or BFU-E among the untreated, and in CR IRP patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). The mRNA expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 of Th2 cells were significantly higher in untreated IRP patients than in the other groups. The mRNA expressions of IFN-gamma and IL-2 of the Th1 cells in all IRP patients were not higher than those in the other groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe cytopenia of IRP patients was not caused by the qualitative abnormality of the hematopoietic stem cells but by the destruction or suppression of hematopoietic stem cells from certain extrinsic insults. The imbalance of Th lymphocytes subtypes and overfunction of Th2 lymphocytes played important roles in the pathogenetic mechanism of IRP leading to increased and overfunctional B lymphocytes, which produced autoantibodies destructing or suppressing hematopoiesis in IRP.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Cytokines ; genetics ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; immunology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore a method of isolation, culture and chondrogenic phenotype differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) from the bone marrow of rats in vitro and to offer experimental reference for the resources of seeding cells in cartilage tissue engineering.

METHODSMSCs were isolated from bone marrow and purified by density gradient centrifuge and cultured in vitro. The MSC adherence formed and those in passage 3 were chosen to induce into chondrogenic differentiation. After 7, 14, 21 days, immunohistochemical techique was applied to detect the expression of collagen type II. The differentiated cells were implanted on the CPP/PLLA composites. After the cell-scaffold complex was cultured in vitro for one week, the ultrastructure of the scaffold was observed with scanning electron microscopy.

RESULTSThe differentiated cells changed from a spindle-like fibroblastic appearance to a polygonal shape, the capability of proliferation was down markedly. Immunohistochemical staining of collagen II were positive for the pass age, especially in the 21st days. Induced MSCs were well adherent to the scaffold composites and the cells were embedded by the cell-matrix.

CONCLUSIONUnder the induced medium, MSCs can differentiate into chondrogenic phenotype and secrete specificity matrix of cartilage in vitro. MSCs can likely be served as optimal cell source for cartilage tissue engineering.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Separation ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; physiology ; Chondrogenesis ; Female ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds