Objective To clarify the effect of myofunctional treatment on primary and mixed dentition malocclusion.Methods Twenty-seven children were selected,3 were in primary dentition among which 2 showed deep overbite.24 were in mixed dentition and presented crowding in anterior area among which 4 children combined with anterior crossbite,2 showed deep overbite and deep overjet.All the patients were treated with myofunctional trainer such as INFANT,T4K or I2N appliances according to their age and malocclusion type.The patients were instructed to wear the trainers for at least one hour a day keeping their lips together or overnight while sleeping.Muscle exercises were done when wearing the trainer during daytime.Results After 6-10 months,24 patients who were in good compliance had their teeth aligned,deep overjet and deep overbite corrected,and facial profile improved.Conclusions Myofunctional treatment is effective on primary and mixed dentition malocclusion.It is important to have patients' good compliance.

Objective To establish a multi-drug resistant model of temporal lobe epilepsy,and to observe the changes of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor expression in the hippocampal tissues so as to explore its effects in pharmacoresistant epileptogenesis.Methods One hundred rats were selected to prepare the amygdaloid kindled model of epilepsy by chronic stimulation of amygaloid basal lateral nucleus.After the kindled model of epilepsy was prepared successfully(n =52),pharmacoresistant epileptic rats were selected according to their response to the phenobabital and phenytoin.The selected pharmacoresistant epileptic rats (n =8)were sacrificed and the hippocampus was removed to determine the GABA receptor expression,and the same number of pharmacosensitive epileptic rats was used as control.Results The pharmacoresistant epileptic rats displayed degenerative and necrotic hippocampal neurons.The arrangement of hippocampal neurons was disordered,and the structural characteristics of the arrangement of the hippocampal neurons disappeared.The gray values of GABAA-positive neurons in the hippocampal tissues (141.15 ± 14.72) increased significantly compared with the pharmacosensitive epileptic rats (92.56 ± 5.17; t =3.380,P =0.006).Western blot method demonstrated that the band of GABAA became narrowed and thin.The relative quantity of GABAA in the hippocampal tissues (0.38 ± 0.08) decreased significantly as compared with the pharmacosensitive epileptic rats (0.88 ± 0.18).A significant difference was observed (t =5.420,P =0.002).Conclusions GABA receptor expression might be decreased in the hippocampal tissues of pharmacoresistant epileptic rats.It might play a certain role in the formation of pharnmacoresistant epilepsy.

This paper reports 17 cases of hypomagnesemic convulsiens of the newhorn that were admitted from Se-Ptember 1981 to January 1983. Only 2 patients were breast-fed.Symptoms and signs of hypomagnesemia are indistinguishable from these of hypocalcemia unless the serum magne-sium is determ ined. Serum magnes iumlevels had been determined in 50 normal children. The average value-2 standard deviation=2.17-2?0.34=1.49mEq/L.We defined hypomagnesemia as the serum magnesium lcvels below 1.48mEg/L. The serum magnesium levels of 17 patients varied from 0.65 to 1.46m Eq/L. Of 10 cases serum calcium le-vel6mg/dl.2.5%MgSO_4 was given intraveno-usly by continuous infusion in a dose of 2-4ml/kg every 12 hours. After the convulsions had been controlled a dose of 25% MgSO_4 was given intramuscul-arly in a dose of 0.4ml/kg twice daily Convulsions usually ceased after 1--4doses of MgSO_4, but the serum magne-sium levels did not rise to normal le-vels until 2-6 days. The convulsions could not be controlled by repeated ad-ministrations of calcium gluconate in 5 patients who had both hypomagnes-emja and hypocalcemia. Only after theadministiation of MgSO_4 did the serum calicum levels rise to the normal level and the convulsions cease.Electrocardjograms recorded in 7 patients all were abnormal but 1 case,so we should pay attention to the inf-luence of magnesium upon the heart.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and principle of direct reduction and fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.Methods Between June 2001 and November 2005,24 cases of one level thoracolumbar burst fracture,16 males and eight females,were treated in our department.Their average age was 32.5 years old.The fractured vertebrae were as follows:T11 in two cases,T12 in nine cases,L1 in 11 cases and L2 in two cases.According to the ASIA(American Spinal Injury Association) neurological function grading system,there were one grade A,two grade B,five grade C,three grade D anti 13 grade E.The vertebral canal area blocked was rated as gradeⅠ(＜1/4)in three cases,gradeⅡ(1/4～1/2)in nine cases,gradeⅢ(1/2～3/4)in 10 cases and gradeⅣ(＞3/4)in two cases.The pedicle-screws were im- planted into the pedicles of the fractured vertebra and its adjacent ones.The connective rod was pre-bent according to the normal sagittal curvature of the fixation segment.After necessary decompression of the vertebral canal,the pedicle-screws stabilized the rod which was rotated to prop open upper and lower pedicle screws and push the burst vertebra so that the kyphosis and lateral dislocation were corrected.The graft bone was implanted between the transverse processes.Results On average,the height of fractured vertebra was restored from 48.3% of the normal value before operation to 93.6% after operation,the lateral dislocation from 17.1% to 0.6%,the Cobb's angle on the sagittal plane from 26.5?to 3.1?,and the Cobb's angle on the frontal plane from 9.5?to 0?.The area of vertebral canal was enlarged from 44.6% of the normal value to 92.1%.There were no complications.For in- complete neurological injuries,improvement of one to two grades was made in neurological functions.Conclusion Direct reduction and fixation through pedicles of fractured vertebrae is a safe and effective therapeutic option to treat the thoracolumbar burst fracture,for it can improve the stabilization and stress distribution.

Background Phlyctenular ophthalmia is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to some microprotein and affected mainly by adolescent in high incidence.Objective This study was to investigate the microscopy findings of phlyctenular ophthalmia and evaluate the histological changes by laser scanning confocal microscope.Methods Twenty-nine eyes suffered from phlyctenular ophthalmia and twenty normal eyes were examined using laser scanning confocal microscope.The pictures were taken by a CCD camera.All the cases had initially chest X-ray,tuberculin test,bacterial and mycobacteria culture.Results Dendritic and inflammatory cells were increased and concentrated in conjunctiva,and epithelial cells were deformed and squamatizated.The capillaries engorged and the goblet cells were injured.The corneoscleral Vogt meshing of the phlyctenular keratitis was obscured and dendritic cells were intruded into the corneas.The corneal epithelium of phlyctenular keratitis was absent and the subepithelial nerve plexus were bended and fractured,and the dendritic and inflammatory cells were intruded.Scarring of corneal stroma was seen under the laser scanning confocal microscope.Conclusions Laser scanning confocal microscopy is valuable for basic research and clinical diagnosis of phlyctenular ophthalmia.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of active form of caspase-3 and cell cycle in Fas-mediated apoptosis of B lymphocytoma cell line MML-1. Methods MML-1 cells were incubated with agonistic anti-Fas antibody for different time,and cell apoptosis was induced.Cell apoptotic rates were analysed by flow cytometry,and sensitivity of MML-1 cells to apoptosis was determined.The expression of active form of caspase-3 was analysed by double staining with PI-Triton X and FITC-active caspase-3.Cyclin A,B_1 and E were selected as cell cycle markers for S,G_2/M and G_1 phase of MML-1 cells,and the expression of active form of caspase-3 was detected by flow cytometry. Results The cell apoptotic rate reached 56% after induction by Fas for 6 h.After induction by Fas for 4 h,the active form of caspase-3 was mainly expressed in cells of G_1 phase,while rarely in cells of S and G_2/M phase.Cells with negative cyclin A and B_1 and positive cyclin E expressed active form of caspase-3. Conclusion The expression of active form of caspase-3 in MML-1 cells mediated by Fas might be cell cycle dependent.Cells entering into late G_1 and early S phase first express active form of caspase-3,and their sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis is the highest.

Objective To investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods The antimicrobial susceptibility was measured by agar dilution method for the 104 strains of carbapenem-resistant P.aeruginosa (CRPA) collected from Huashan Hospital.The homology between these strains was evaluated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results Of thel04 CRPA strains,85.6％ were resistant to meropenem and 98.1％ to imipenem.These strains also showed various percentages of resistance to amikacin (18.3％),gentamicin (40.4％),ceftazidime (26.9％),cefepime (21.2％),ciprofloxacin (44.2％),levofloxacin (50.0％),piperacillin-tazobactam (19.2％),cefoperazone-sulbactam (26.9％),ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (52.9％),aztreonam (26.9％),and colistin (5.8％).PFGE analysis showed that these strains were divided into 48 types,belonging to 9 clones.Only 3 strains were non-typeable.Clone A was the primary epidemic strain (41.6％,42/101),which was mainly isolated from Neurosurgery,Geriatrics and General Ward.Clone B accounted for 5.9％ (6/101) of the strains.Conclusions Multiple clones of carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were prevalent in Huashan hospital.Effective infection control approaches should be adopted to prevent the development and the further spreading of antimicrobial resistance.

Objective To examine the antimicrobial susceptibility and prevalence of blaKPC gene in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains isolated in Huashan Hospital,Fudan University.Methods The CRKP strains isolated in Huashan Hospital from January to December of 2014 were included in this study.The MICs of antibiotics were determined using CLSI broth dilution method.The blaKPC gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results A total of 205 CRKP strains were isolated,mainly from respiratory tract (76.1％,156/205) and urine specimens (18.5％,38/205).Antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that CRKP isolates had higher resistance rates (85％-100％) to the antimicrobial agents except colistin (1.5％),tigecycline (0.5％),trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (51.0％) and amikacin (74.9％).Most (87.8％,180/205) of the CRKP strains were positive for blaKPC gene.Conclusions CRKP are mostly isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infection and/or urinary tract infection in Huashan Hospital.The strains were highly resistant to the antibacterial agents tested except colistin and tigecycline.Production of KPC-type carbapenemase is the common mechanism of carbapenem resistance in these K.pneumoniae isolates.

Objective To evaluate thri-operators and the blood-oxygen functional image technology in di-agnosing breast cancer. Methods One hundred and forty-six patients were admitted to hospital for operation due to one hundred and fifty-three suspicious lesions detected in their breasts. These lesions were detected by physical examination, thri-operators and the blood-oxygen functional image, mammography uhrasonography. The sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic method were obtained and the radiolagie-pathologic correlation was meanwhile calculated. Results Sixty one(41.8%)breast lesions were diagnosed as malignancy. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy,positive prognostic value and negative prognostic value of ultras onography were 80. 33% ,89. 41%,85.61% ,84.48% and 86.36%. Such data of mammography were 57.89% ,80. 36% ,69.03% ,75.00% and 65. 22%. And those of thri-operators and the blood-oxygen functional image technology were 91.80% ,83.53%, 86.99% ,80.00% and 94.67%. Conclusions Thri-operators and the blood-oxygen functional image technology is superior to uhrasonography and mammography in diagnosing breast lesions with its sensitivity accuracy and neg-ative prognostic value, while specificity and positive prognostic value were between them, have greater value in screeninging and the diagnosing breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of clinical application of ERA resilient attachment on Kennedy Ⅰ dentition defect. Methods Twenty-eight Kennedy Ⅰ dentition defect cases were restored by ERA resilient attachment dentures. After the examination of the function of the dentures, oral tissue, X-ray, the satisfaction to the dentures was evaluated. Results After the follow-up of 6 to 32 months, all the patients were satisfied with the dentures in esthetic, retention, normal function and healthy peri-odontium. Conclusion ERA resilient attachment is an esthetieal, economical and reliable approach to Kennedy Ⅰ dentition defect restoration.