Objective To study normal flora components of conjunctiva, explore the relationship between normal flora and ocu- lar bacterial infections.Methods The data of 1 198 bacterial cultures of conjunctiva in non-infectious cataract patients were re- viewed and compared with the results of 985 specimens of conjunctivitis, keratitis and endophthalmitis from January 2000 to December 2004.Results Positive culture of conjunctiva in non-infectious cataract patients was 628 in 1 198 specimens (52.4%).These bacteria including gram-positive cocci and gram-neganve bacilli constituted the normal flora of conjunctiva. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the predominant bacteria (51.1%, 341/667) and its prevalence increased during this 5-year period.S.epidermidis and S.aureus were also the most frequently isolated pathogens in specimens of conjunctivitis, keratitis and endophthalmitis.The correlation was statistically significant between the positive rate in normal eye and conjunctivitis or keratitis in terms of these two species, but not statistically significant between normal eye and endophthalmitis.The resistance rate of normal flora of conjunctiva to ampicillin, amikacin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin increased year by year. The resistance rate to gentamicin and the combination of two drugs decreased.The changing resistant pattern was similar in pa- tients with eye infection.Conclusions There is a close relationship between the normal flora S.aureus and S.epidermidis of conjunctiva and the bacterial infection of ocular surface, but no significant correlation between normal flora and the pathogen of endophthalmitis.

Objective To evaluate the outcome of unconstrained shoulder arthroplasty for severe injury of proximal part of the humerus.Methods Twelve eases were all treated with unconstrained shoul- der arthroplasty.Six patients with complex fractures of proximal humerus and four with bone tumor in the proximal part of the humerus used hemiarthroplasty and two patients with osteoarthritis were managed with total shoulder arthroplasty.Cemented prostheses were used in all the cases.Results The average age was 65 years and the follow-up was 2.3 years.Two cases of complex fractures had light pain with limited external rotation of the shoulder.No pain or prosthetic stems loosening were found,and the range of motion and the function of the shoulder were satisfactory in other cases.Conclusion Unconstrained shoulder arthroplasty is a satisfactory and safe technique for severe injury of proximal humerus.

Objective To explore the application value of diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) in distinction of skull base chordoma from chondrosarcoma.Methods The clinical data and imaging findings of basicranial tumor confirmed by pathology,including 14 patients with classic chordoma,9 with poorly differentiated chordoma and 18 with chondrosarcoma were analyzed retrospectively.The lesion location,enhancement patterns,signal intensity on T2 WI relative to gray matter,and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were reviewed.The enhancement pattern was scored as 0 (little or non-enhancement),1 (heterogeneous enhancement),or 2 (homogeneous enhancement in ≥90％area).The data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test.Results There were significant differences in the mean,minimum and maximum ADC values,the intensity on T2 WI and the enhancement pattern among the three tumor types (P ＜0.05).However,the differences in the score of enhancement pattern and lesion location were not found (P＞0.05).Conclusion DWI may be helpful for the diagnosis of skull base chordoma from chondrosarcoma,and the accuracy rate will be improved when combined with T2WI intensity.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the disinfection efficacy of dental high-speed hand-pieces contaminated by HBV with the method of pressure steam sterilizer.METHODS Taking 50 oral clinical patients randomly,and three group-samples which included saliva,hand-pieces contaminated by clinical operation and disinfected by pressure steam sterilizing were collected,then the samples were detected HBsAg and HBV DNA,respectively.RESULTS There were 95% of the saliva samples being HBsAg positive,the positive rate of the high-speed hand-pieces contaminated by clinical operation was lower than the saliva samples,and the positive rate of the hand-piece disinfected by pressure steam sterilizing was the lowest.HBV DNA was undetectable in the sample before or after disinfected hand-pieces used in patients′ saliva which HBsAg s/co value higher than 5.0.CONCLUSIONS Pressure steam sterilizing is effective to reduce the contaminated HBV on hand-pieces,but the biology test should be taken to demonstrate whether the complete sterilizing is achieved.

Objective To analyze the succumbed reasons of emergent pereutaneous coronary intervention(EPCI)in treatment of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)during operation and in-hospital period.Method During March 1999 to June 2005,623 AMI patients received EPCI,and 27 patients died.The succumbed reasons and clinical characteristics of the succumbed patients were analyzed.Result Among the 27 succumbed patients,with age 51 to 91(69?18)years old, 16 had three-vessel lesions.10 had two-vessel lesions and l had single vessel lesion.Ten patients were accompanied with old myocardial infarction,9 with diabetes meUitus,19 with hypertensions,4 with impaired renal functions,and 6 with old cerebral infarction.Nine patients died of eardingenic shocks,6 died of no-reflows,2 died of heart ruptures,2 thrombosis, 2 acute left heart failure,2 acute renal failure,2 intracranial hemorrhage,l shock due to hemorrhage of puncture position, and l acute perieardiae tamponade.Conclusion The succumbed reasons of EPCI in treatment of acute myocardial infarction were various.Cardiac shock and no-reflow were primary reasons.Old age,multi-vessel lesion,diabetes mellitus, and old myocardial infarction may serve as predicting factors.

Objective To investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in impaired wound healing of diabetes mellitus.Methods The back skin defect was produced in rats with type1diabetes.All of these rats were divided into normal group, diabetes group, lithium chloride group, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) group.The back wound healing and β-catenin expression were observed.Results There were no signs of infection in the wound of rats after injury.Compared with diabetic group, the wound healing time was shorter,wound healing rate was higher, wound cavity volume was smaller, granulation tissue was more mature, and β-catenin positive cell rate was higher in normal group, lithium chloride group, and EGF group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is involved in the process of wound healing in diabetic rats.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused outbreaks of SARS-like disease with 35% case-fatality rate, mainly in the Middle East. A more severe outbreak of MERS occurred recently in the Republic of Korea, where 186 people contracted the infections, causing great concern worldwide. So far, there has been no clinically available drug for the treatment of MERS-CoV infection. The potential drugs against MERS-CoV mainly consist of monoclonal antibodies, peptides and small molecular agents. Small molecular agents have an advantage of easier synthesis, lower cost in production and relatively higher stability. There is better chance for those candidates to gain a quick development. This article reviews the progress of developing small molecular MERS-CoV agents.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; drug effects

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the causative agent of an extremely contagious and aggressive disease afflicting common corp Cyprinus carpio L. termed koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). Since it was first reported in 1997, the virus has spread worldwide rapidly, leading to enormous financial losses in industries based on common carp and koi carp. This review summarizes recent advances in CyHV-3 research on the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control of KHVD.
Animals ; Fish Diseases ; diagnosis ; virology ; Fishes ; classification ; virology ; Herpesviridae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Herpesviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; veterinary ; virology

Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Paraffin Embedding ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Tissue Fixation

OBJECTIVETo explore the operation methods and clinical effects of transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament in treating complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to June 2012,26 patients with acute complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation underwent surgery. Transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament, additional clavical hoot plate and Kirschner wires fixation, were performed in all the patients. Among the patients, 18 patients were male and 8 patients were female, with an average age of 36.7 years old (ranged from 25 to 51 years). The duration from injury to operation was from 3 to 12 days with an average of 5 days. According to the Rockwood classification, 4 cases were grade III and 22 cases were grade V . Clinical manifestation included local swelling, tenderness with snapping, limitation of shoulder joint motion. In preoperative bilateral shoulder joint X-rays, the injured coracoclavicular distance was (16.2 ± 5.0) mm which was significantly wider than that of uninjured sides (7.6 ± 1.0) mm. Clinical results were evaluated according to X-rays and Constant-Murley score.

RESULTSAll incisions obtained primary healing after operation without complication of infection, internal fixation breakage, redislocation. All the patients were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of 18 months. Kirschner wires and internal fixation plate were removed at 1 month and 8-10 months after operation, respectively. At final follow-up, the motion of shoulder joint recovered to normal and a no pain joint was obtained. According to Constant-Murley score, 24 cases got excellent results and 2 cases good. There was no significant difference after operation between the injured coracoclavicular distance and the uninjured contralateral side [(7.7 ± 1.2) mm vs (7.6 ± 1.0) mm), P > 0.05].

CONCLUSIONTransfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament, additional fixation using hook plate and Kirschner wires is the effective surgical method in treating complete acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Ligaments, Articular ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods