BACKGROUND: It has been proved that platelet activation is involved in the development of diabetic angiopathy. Glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX/V complex is one of the main platelet membrane glycoproteins, and the receptor of both von Willebrand Factor and thrombin. It plays a key role in the process of platelet activation.OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression changes of GP Ib/IX/V complex and its component GP Ibα in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 51 type 2 diabetic outpatients who visited Union Hospital were enrolled from December 2005 to January 2007. The diagnosis was based on the independent criteria from WHO in 1999. Of all the 51 patients, there were 23 females and 28 males, with a peripheral platelet count of over 50×109 L-1. All the subjects had no history of administrating drugs two weeks before the examination, which would potentially influence platelet count. According to disease controlling condition, the patients were assigned to well controlled patient (WCP) group (n = 25) and poorly controlled patient (PCP) group (n =26); and according to whether angiopathy was accompanied, diabetic patients were divided into vascular disease (VD) group (n =27) and non-vascular disease (NVD) group (n =24). Meanwhile 23 healthy subjects were enrolled as normal control group. Informed consents were obtained from subjects and their relatives. The experiments were approved by the ethical committee of Union Hospital.METHODS: Fasting venous blood was harvested from all the subjects' elbow on the early morning of visit day.①Biochemical analysis: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma insulin (FINS) was measured by the Clinical Chemistry Department in Union Hospital.② Measurement of platelet membrane GP Ib/IX/V complex and its component GP Ibα: First, 3 mL cubital fasting blood was drawn from each subject and was anti-coagulated with 38 g/L natrium citricum. After that, all samples were fixed with 10 g/L paraform for 45 minutes. Then 50 μL well-fixed blood was added into the polystyrene tube, meanwhile 20 μL monoclonal antibody, such as CD42a-b-c-d and PE-labeled CD42b, was respectively mixed gently with the blood sample and incubated at room temperature in dark for 30 minutes. Next, 20 μL FITC-labeled rat IgG was mixed with the sample containing CD42a-b-c-d and incubated equally. In the end all blood samples were analyzed by FACS420 flow cytometry and the results were expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). ③ Platelet maximun aggregation rate (MAR) was detected according to reference.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Biochemical indicators;②The expressions of GP Ib/IX/V complex and GP Ibα;③Platelet MAR.RESULTS: Fifty-one patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and twenty-three healthy subjects were all involved in the result analysis.①There were significant differences in FINS in WCP group and PCP group compared with normal controls (P ＜ 0.01). FPG and HbA1c were significantly higher in PCP group compared with normal control group and WCP group (P ＜ 0.01).②Expressions of GP Ib/IX/V complex and GP Ibα were significantly lower in WCP group and PCP group compared with normal control group (P ＜ 0.01), significantly lower in PCP group than in WCP group (P ＜ 0.05), and also significantly lower in VD group and NVD group compared with normal control group (P ＜ 0.01). Moreover the expression of GP Ibα in VD group and NVD group was significantly lower than that of normal control group (P ＜ 0.05), and it also significantly decreased in VD group compared with NVD group (P ＜ 0.05). MFI of GP Ib/IX/V complex had an obvious negative correlation with FBG, HbA1c and FINS (r =-0.634, -0.573, -0.649, P ＜ 0.05), and GP Ibα MFI was obviously negatively correlated with FBG and HbA1c (r =-0.602, -0.543, P ＜ 0.05).③Platelet MAR of diabetic patients were remarkably higher than in healthy subjects (t =-3.852, P ＜ 0.01). Platelet MAR in PCP and VD groups were respectively higher than those in WCP and NVD groups (P ＜ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Platelet activation exists in the early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus without diabetic angiopathy, and is more obvious after diabetic angiopathy. There is a positive correlation between platelet activation and blood glucose. As a receptor of thrombin and von Willebrand Factor, GP Ib/IX/V complex may be involved in the development of diabetic angiopathy.

BACKGROUND:Kienb?ck disease lacks of suitable animal models, which are similar to the pathological process of avascular necrosis of human lunate bone.
OBJECTIVE:To establish a new animal model of Kienb?ck disease using medical TH adhesive embolism and to explore the rationality of model establishment.
METHODS:A total of 30 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits, male or female, were selected. Using self-control method, the rabbits were randomly assigned to experimental sides and control sides. By dril ing in the center of the lunate bone, 0.2 mL of medical TH glue was injected three times. An equal volume of physiological saline was injected into the center of the lunate bone on the control side. X-ray examination, general observation, Micro-CT measurement of bone, and tissue pathology detection were conducted at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Gross specimen, X-ray and histological results showed that ischemic necrosis of the lunate bone on the experimental side was visible at 8 weeks after model induction. The ischemic necrosis of the lunate bone became more typical at 12 weeks. Among the Micro-CT microscopic parameters of trabecular bone, trabecular bone density parameters bone volume fraction and the number of trabecular bone were significantly lower on the experimental side than those on the control side (P<0.05). Spatial parameters of trabecular bone significantly increased. Trabecular separation and structure model index on the experimental side were significantly greater than those on the control side. Results suggested that ischemic necrosis of the lunate bone appeared on the experimental side at 8 weeks after injection of medical TH glue. Rabbit models of ischemic necrosis of the lunate bone can be established at 12 weeks. Thus, alterations, which were similar to ischemic necrosis of human lunate bone, appeared, such as blood transportation damage in the lunate bone, trabecular bone fracture, and empty lacuna, when surrounding tissues were not obviously injured.

Objective To evaluate diagnostic value of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)in ringlike- enhanced lesions.Methods Nine abscesses,12 glioblastomas,10 metastases confirmed clinically or pathologically underwent conventional MRI and DTI.Average diffusion coefficient(ADC)value,fractional anisotropy(FA)value and maps were calculated in the central portion and peripheral edema of the lesions. Results On DTI,the abscesses displayed as hyperintense signal with hypointense or isointense signal of edema;but glioblastomas and metastases all showed as hypointense signal with isointense or hypointense signal of edema.On ADC map,the abscesses showed as hypointense signal,the mean ADC value was (0.66?0.07)x10~(-3)mm~2/s,The mean ADC value were(2.50?0.11)x10~(-3)mm~2/s and(2.37?0.52)x10~(-3)mm~2/s for the glioblastomas and metastases,respectively,all demonstrated as hyperintense signal with slightly hyperintense signal of edema.The difference between abscess and necrotic tumors was statistically significant(F=108.80,P

OBJECTIVETo construct plant expression pCAMBIA1301-PMI by substituting PMI for hygromycin resistance gene in pCAMBIA1301 and obtain transgenic Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba using PMI-mannose selection system.

METHODThe 6-phosphomannose isomerase gene (PMI) of Escherichia coli was amplified by PCR. Sequence analysis showed that it shared 100% amino acids identities with the sequences of PMI genes isolates reported in the NCBI. Based on pCAMBIA1305, the plant expression pCAMBIA1305-PMI was constructed successfully by substituting PMI for hygromycin resistance gene in pCAMBIA1305. pCAMBIA1305-PMI was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404, and then the leaves of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba were inoculated in LBA4404 with pCAMBIA1305-PMI.

RESULTPlant expression pCAMBIA1301-PMI was successfully constructed and the leaves of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba inoculated in LBA4404 with pCAMBIA1305-PMI were selected on medium supplemented with a combination of 20 g x L(-1) mannose and 10 g x L(-1) sucrose as a carbon source. The transformation efficiency rate was 23.7%.

CONCLUSIONGenetic transformation was confirmed by PCR, indicating that a new method for obtaining transgenic S. miltiorrhiza f. alba plants was developed using PMI-mannose selection system.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Biomarkers ; Cinnamates ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hygromycin B ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transformation, Genetic

Objective To probe the value of multi-slice spiral CT angiography (MSCTA) in decreasing surgical trauma of the cranial base meningioma. Methods Thirty-two patients with cranial base meningioma were examined preoperatively with MSCTA to observe the shape and the relationship with the adjacent vessels and the skull base. Three-dimensional images were reconstructed to imitate the approach of operation and compared with surgical findings. Meanwhile, 22 patients withnot MSCTA were selected randomly as control group. The amount of blood transfusion and the occurrence rate of complications were compared between the two groups. Results MSCTA depiceted clear three dimensional images of the meningioma and the relationship with the adjacent vessels and the skull base, corresponded very well to the surgery. By imitating the operation, all patients were designed the incision size of bone appropriately, the vessels of peritumoral were kept off effectively and the risk of the embedded vascular were assessed accurately. The conventional surgical approach and method were changed in 9 patients, 4 formulated the planning of the sub-total resection and radiotherapy preoperatively. Compared with control group, the amount of blood transfusion reduced significantly (P<0.05) and postoperative complications decreased. Conclusion MSCTA can imitate the surgical operations in multi-angle and supply the vital information for choosing the proper surgical approach, thereby reducing surgical trauma and postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Shenqifuxin oral liquid(SQFXOL) on plasma kaliuretic peptide (KP), atrial natriuretic polypeptide(ANP), angiotension II (Ang II), endothelin(ET) and the left ventricular remodeling and the myocardial contractility and relaxation of left ventricle in experimental rats with heart failure(HF).

METHODThe SD rat model with HF was produced by constricting abdominal aorta. Hemodynamic parameters including maximum rate of intraventricular pressure rise (+dp/dtmax), left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP), maximum velocity of contractile element shortening(Vmax), maximum rate of intraventricular pressure down(-dp/dtmax) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP) were measured by the method of the catheterization. Plasma concentrations of KP, ANP, Ang II and ET were determined by radioimmunoassays. The effects of treatment were evaluated by observing and comparing the changes of heart morphological structure, collagen element, heart weight/body weight ratio (HW/BW), left intraventricular area(LVA) and myocardial nuclei number (MNN) per square area.

RESULTIn high dose SQFXOL group, the LVSP, -dp/dtmax and Vmax were increased, while LVEDP was decreased, and plasma concentrations of KP, Ang II and ET were decreased. In comparision with those in model group, the difference was significant(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Though the +dp/dtmax and the level of ANP were decreased, the difference was insignificant(all P > 0.05). The collagen tissues around myocardial cells were reduced. HW/BW and LVA were lower, and MNN per square area was higher significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The indices of +dp/dtmax in all of treatment groups and control group were not considerably different in comparison with those in model group. The levels of plasma ANP in middle dose group and low dose group were significantly lower than those in model group(all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSQFXOL can reduce the plasma concentrations of KP, Ang II, ET, and ANP, improve the myocardial contractility and relaxation of left ventricular and inhibitate left ventricular remodeling in rats with HF.

Administration, Oral ; Angiotensin II ; blood ; Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; blood ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Endothelins ; blood ; Heart Failure ; blood ; physiopathology ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; drug effects ; Ophiopogon ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protein Precursors ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo identify antiviral activity of Toddalia asiatica against influenza virus type A in vitro.

METHODMore than two hundred Chinese medicinal herb extracts were screened for antiviral activities against influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay for virus induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in a primary screening. Positive samples were picked up and were subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to quantify reduction of H1N1 virus genomic RNA.

RESULTToddalia asiatica showed potent antiviral activities against H1N1 virus, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of 4.7 mg x L(-1) in MTS assay and 0.9 mg x L(-1) in quantitative PCR assay respectively. The cytotoxicity test of Toddalia asiatica generated a CC50 value of 187.2 mg x L(-1) and a selective index (SI) larger than 206 in quantitative PCR. Although the best antiviral activity of Toddalia asiatica was observed with co-treatment of influenza virus infection, it remained effective even when administrated 24 h before and after the initiation of infection.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that Toddalia asiatica compound extract could be a candidate for anti-H1N1 virus agent in the treatment of influenza.

Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dogs ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; drug effects ; genetics ; Kidney ; cytology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Viral ; drug effects ; Rutaceae ; chemistry ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Xiaoyu Zhixue Tablet (XYZXT) on the expression of platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX/V complex and GP I b alpha in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in early metaphase.

METHODSFifty-one patients with CRF in early metaphase (treated group) were treated with XYZXT, 3 months as the course of treatment for 2 courses. The previous therapies remained unchanged. Flow cytometry was used to assess the expression of platelet GP Ib/IX/V complex and GP Ib alpha in patients with CRF, and turbidity method was used to determine the platelet maximum aggregation rate (MAR), meanwhile the renal function was measured. The final data were compared with those before the treatment, and with those in the normal control group (31 healthy subjects).

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, expressions of GP I b/IX/V complex and GP I b alpha, and platelet MAR in CRF patients were significantly lower (P=0.007, P=0.001, P=0.009) before the treatment; after the treatment with XYZXT, the above indexes in CRF patients were remarkably increased (P=0.033, P=0.026, P=0.045), but still lower than those in the normal control group, however, it was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION(1) The expression of GP I b/IX/V complex in CRF patients of early metaphase was decreased, which lead to platelet aggregation dysfunction. This might be one of the reasons for the hemorrhagic trend in CRF. (2) XYZXT was able to upgrade expressions of GP I b/IX/V complex and GP I b alpha in CRF patients, improve platelet function and down-regulate platelet activation in patients with CRF.

Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex ; metabolism ; Tablets

OBJECTIVETo compare the angiogenesis in unstable and stable plaques and to investigate the potential role of neovessels in creating vulnerable sites for atherosclerotic plaques.

METHODSSpecimens of coronary arteries were obtained from 52 autopsy cases with acute coronary syndromes. Plaque morphology was studied by use of stained slides. 922 tissue blocks of late-stage lesions were classified into two groups: (1) unstable plaque (n = 153), the plaque was characterized by a large extracellular lipid core (more than 40% of the plaque area); (2) stable plaque (n = 769), lipid core less than 40% of the plaque area. Forty blocks were selected randomly from each group and serial sections were stained immunohistochemically with a polyclonal antibody against F VIII RAg. Computer-aided planimeter was used for quantitative analysis.

RESULTSIn unstable plaques, the occurrence of neovessels was more frequent and the neovessel density (number/mm(2)) was significantly increased as compared to that of stable plaques (frequency: 80.4% vs 66.6%, P < 0.01; shoulder: 22.16 +/- 19.96 vs 10.04 +/- 11.52, base: 21.68 +/- 20.44 vs 9.68 +/- 11.52, fibrous cap: 3.80 +/- 5.32 vs 1.48 +/- 2.28, P < 0.05). Most neovessels were located in the shoulder region and at the base of plaques.

CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that neovessels in coronary atherosclerotic plaques are closely associated with the decreased stabilization of the plaques.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Artery Disease ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo characterize the variation in V3 loop of HIV-1 B'strains circulating in Chinese blood donors.

METHODSThe c2-c3 regions of the HIV envelop gene were amplified by nest-PCR from 32 HIV-1-infected blood donors in He Nan province in China. The BIOEDIT and MEGA software are used to analyze the sequences of V3 loop.

RESULTSThere are five types of central motifs of the 32 samples, in which GPGR and GPGQ are most common. More variations associated with T tropic/SI phenotype can be seen in AIDS group.

CONCLUSIONThe V3 tip motifs of HIV-1B' strains circulating in Chinese blood donors are various, the different characterization of V3 loop between AIDS and asymptomatic patients indicates different biological phenotype and pathogenesis which warrant additional investigation.

Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Blood Donors ; China ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; analysis ; chemistry ; genetics ; HIV Infections ; blood ; virology ; HIV-1 ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides ; chemistry ; Phenotype