Objective To investigate the operational technique of laparoscopic splenectomy and pericardial devascularization (LSPD) and evaluate the clinical efficiency of this method for the treatment of portal hypertension.Methods With the new understanding of anatomical space around the spleen,the cardia and the fundus,two gaps and two tunnels can be created in LSPD.Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of patients who underwent LSPD from Jun 2013 to Mar 2015.The operative time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay,conversion rate and postoperative complication rate were measured.Results A total of 189 cases underwent surgery successfully,including 34 cases of splenomegaly and 21 cases of severe esophageal varices.The operative time was (125 ± 52) min,intraoperative blood loss (58 ± 32) ml,postoperative hospital stay (7.5-2.1) d.There were 4 conversion cases in this study.Conclusions The splenic pedicle and stomach pedicle can be safely dissected with the two gaps and two tunnels principle,which makes LSPD safe and convenient.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of the gap above the splenic pedicle in laparoscopic splenectomy (LS).Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinical data of 189 patients who underwent LS in the Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology between August 2012 and March 2015 were collected.Among 189 patients receiving splenic pedicle division,42 without the application of the gap above the splenic pedicle were allocated into the group A and 147 with the application of the gap above the splenic pedicle were allocated into the group B.Observation indicators included:(1) operation situations:combined operation,operation time (excluding combined operation time),volume of intraoperative blood loss (excluding blood volume of spleen),cases with conversion to open surgery;(2) postoperative situations:time to initial anal exsufflation,time for fluid diet intake,occurrence of postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay;(3) follow-up.Patients were followed up by telephone interview and outpatient examination up to August 2016.Follow-up included routine blood test,coagulation function,liver function,with or without long-term complications.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test.Comparisons of count data were analyzed by the chi-square test.Results (1) Operation situations:of 189 patients undergoing LS,136 combined with laparoscopic pericardial devascularization,13 combined with laparoscopic cholecys-tectomy,9 combined with laparoscopic radio frequency ablation (RFA) of liver tumors and 26 combined with pathological examination using laparoscopic liver tissues sampling.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss and cases with conversion to open surgery were (118±31) minutes,(80±38) mL,2 in the group A and (70± 22) minutes,(50± 28) mL,1 in the group B,respectively,with statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (t =12.579,-8.516,x2=4.912,P＜0.05).(2) Postoperative situations:time to initial anal exsufflation,time for fluid diet intake,number of patients with postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay were (22± 10)hours,(3.1 ± 1.3) days,8,(9±3)days in the group A and (23±11)hours,(3.8±1.8)days,13,(8±3)days in the group B,respectively.Pancreatic fistula,intra-abdominal hemorrhage,asymptomatic portal vein thrombosis,pulmonary infection and intraperitoneal infection were respectively detected in 2,2,2,1,1 patients in the group A and 1,2,5,2,3 patients in the group B.There was no significant difference in time to initial anal exsufflation,time for fluid diet intake and duration of hospital stay between the 2 groups (t =1.102,0.745,0.583,P＞0.05),and a statistically significant difference in number of patients with postoperative complications between the 2 groups (x2 =7.259,P＜ 0.05).There were statistically significant differences in cases with pancreatic fistula and intra abdominal hemorrhage (x2=16.021,5.812,P＜0.05) and no significant difference in cases with asymptomatic portal vein thrombosis,pulmonary infection and intraperitoneal infection (x2 =1.391,0.396,0.865,P＞0.05).Patients with postoperative complications were cured by symptomatic treatment.(3) Follow-up:156 of 189 patients (33 in the group A and 123 in the group B) were followed up for 1-18 months,with an average time of 12 months.During the follow-up,13 patients had recurrent hematemesis and melena,including 3 in the group A and 10 in the group B.Eight patients stopped bleeding after conservative treatment,3 stopped bleeding after proxial gastrectomy and 2 died of excessive bleeding and organ failure.Conclusion Splenic pedicle division using Endo-GIA through the gap above the splenic pedicle in LS can reduce operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,rate of conversion to open surgery and postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide- enhanced(USPIO)-enhanced MR imaging for monitoring synovitis of antigen-induced arthritis in rabbit model and explore the optimal MR imaging sequences.Methods Nine female white rabbits with antigen(0.5 ml mBSA,2 mg/ml)induced arthritis of the right knees were used in the study.The left knees of these rabbits and both knees of another 3 rabbits served as the control.Nine to 28 days(mean 21.3 d)after successful model induction,all knees were imaged before and 24 h after intravenously injection of USPIO (0.3 ml/kg),among which 2 rabbits were also imaged at 48 and 72 h after administration of USPIO respectively.The MR protocol included spin-echo(SE) T_1WI,fast spin-echo(FSE)T_2WI,gradient echo (GRE)T_2~* WI and short tau inversion recovery(STIR).Images were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively based on signal characteristics and patterns of the synovium.Paired t-test was used for the analysis of the signal intensity of inflammatory synovial membrane before and 24 h after injection of USPIO. MR findings were correlated with histopathology.Results Arthritis was successfully induced in all 9 right knees with intraarticular injection of mBSA.Pathological examination revealed hyperplasia of synovium with infiltration of USPIO-loaded-macrophages.MR depicted synovial thickening(thickness 2.07?0.97 mm) and joint effusion.Synovium and joint fluid appeared as slightly hypo- or iso-intense on T_1 WI and hyper- intense on T_2 WI or T_2~* WI.Twenty four hours after USPIO injection,significant T_1 enhancement(ASNR 41.91%?27.94%),negative T_2 and T_2~* enhancement(△SNR -34.92%?11.77% and -57.24%? 16.05%)were demonstrated in the region of synovial inflammation respectively.The signal at 48 h and 72 h changed less than that at hour 24.No signs of arthritis occurred in all left knees and in all knees of the artificial model group.Conclusion Iron oxide phagocytized into macrophages can be a root cause resulted in signal change on USPIO-enhanced MR images.The gradient echo sequence should be the optimal sequence to be used in USPIO-enhanced MR imaging in antigen-induced arthritis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of liposomal transfection of cyclin A antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASON) on HL-60 cell proliferation and apoptosis.

METHODSBy liposomal transfection, cyclin A ASON was co-cultured with HL-60 cells, the cell growth curve was determined by MTT assay and cell apoptosis electron-microscopy in situ cell apoptosis detection kit (POD), the protein and mRNA of cyclin A and bcl-2 were measured by FACS and RT-PCR, the role of cyclin A ASON in the development of leukemia was tested by the tumor formation in nude mice.

RESULTS(1) In the cyclin A ASON liposomal transfection group (group A), the proliferation of HL-60 cell was significantly inhibited as compared to those in cyclin A ASON group (group B) (68.9% vs 24.8%) (P < 0.01). (2) The expressions of cyclin A and bcl-2 of group A were significantly lower than those in the control group (1.1% vs 38.8%, P < 0.01; 21.9% vs 65.0%, P < 0.01, respectively), and the DNA ladder and apoptosis body was displayed. (3) In group A, the rate of tumor formation in nude mice was lower, the time for tumor formation was longer and the volume of tumor was smaller than those in control group.

CONCLUSIONLiposomal transfection of cyclin A ASON can inhibit in vitro proliferation of leukemia cells and induce in vivo apoptosis of the tumor cell, which might provide a new target for gene therapy.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cyclin A ; genetics ; physiology ; Genetic Therapy ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia ; therapy ; Liposomes ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo find sensitive and specific micro-metastic markers for prostate cancer.

METHODSUsing nested reverse transcription-PCR, we examined the expression of PSA, hK2 and PSMA mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 51 patients with prostate cancer, 33 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and 32 normal young people.

RESULTSThe expression rates of PSA, hK2 and PSMA mRNA were 52.9%, 43.1% and 64.7%, respectively in prostate cancer group, and 6.2%, 7.7% and 4.6%, respectively in control group (BPH patients and normal young people) with statistical significance (P < 0.01). Although the expression rate of PSA and hK2 mRNA increased with cancer progression, there was no statistical significance among patients in different stages. The expression rate of PSMA mRNA was higher than that of PSA and hK2 mRNA in each clinical stage.

CONCLUSIONPSMA mRNA expression detected by nested RT-PCR is of greater value for the diagnosis, therapy choice and prognostic evaluation of prostate cancer patients.

Aged ; Antigens, Surface ; blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; blood ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Tissue Kallikreins ; blood

OBJECTIVETo compare the perioperative, functional and oncologic outcomes of patients with prostate cancer receiving laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) using three-dimensional (3D) versus two-dimensional (2D) imaging systems.

METHODSFrom February, 2014 to January 2016, 72 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent LRP with 2D or 3D imaging systems performed by a single experienced surgeon. The baseline characteristics, perioperative data, and functional and oncologic outcomes of the patients were collected and analyzed.

RESULTSThirty-six patients underwent 3D LRP and the other 36 patients underwent 2D LRP. Compared with 2D LRP group, 3D LRP group had a significantly shorter operative time (167 vs 218 min, P<0.001), a smaller volume of intraoperative blood loss (86.11 vs 177.78 mL, P<0.001) and a better early urinary continence outcome (88.89% vs 63.89%, P=0.026). No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of complications, potency outcome or biochemical recurrence-free rate.

CONCLUSIONCompared with 2D LRP, 3D LRP shortens the operative time, reduces intraoperative blood loss and is associated with a better early urinary continence outcome in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.

Objective To evaluate the role of transbrochial needle aspiration (TBNA) in the diagnosis of patients with enlarged mediastinal and/or hilar lymph node. Methods Patients with mediastinal and/or hilar lymphoadenopathy proven by CT scan were eligible for TBNA as reported. All specimens were directly and instantly smeared for pathological examination. Results From June 1 2004 to December 31 2007, 164 patients were examined: including 80 lung cancers, 69 lung bengin diseases, 2 other malignancy tumor, and 13 without definite diagnosis. Total 260 lymph nodes were punctured. TBNA procedures were successfully carried out in 445/463(96.1%). Sensitivity of TBNA was 82. 5 % (66/80) in patients who had been proven to suffer from bronchogenic carcinoma. There were 25 patients that diagnosis of lung cancer was pathologically determined by TBNA only. A total of 122 lymph nodes in the 80 lung cancer patients were aspirated by TBNA with a positive rate of 65. 6% (80/122). Severe complications were rare except small amount of bleeding at the TBNA site (100/164, 61.0%). From June 1 2006 to December 31 2007, lymph node tissues able to make histology diagnosis were yield in 73.5% (64/87) patients. Through histology pathology, the sensitivities of TBNA were 53. 3% (8/15) for sarcoidosis and 78.6% (33/42) for lung cancer. Conclusion TBNA is quite safe and helpful in diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma, and in diagnosis of benign lung diseases.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of nucleotides on apoptosis of thymocytes in mice.

METHODSApoptosis model in vivo was first established and 25 KM mice, 4 weeks old, were randomly divided into 5 groups. One group was control, and the others were test groups. Mice in test groups were injected with DEX (25 mg/kg) and the controls were treated with normal saline. 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours later the thymus and spleen were weighed and lymphocytes in thymus were separated. The apoptosis of lymphocytes was analyzed by using DNA electrophoresis and flow cytometry. 16 hours later lymphocytes apoptosis reached a peak and lasted 24 hours. Methods used to establish apoptosis model in vivo were: mice (4 weeks old) were injected with DEX (25 mg/kg), and thymus lymphocytes were separated 16 hours later and analyzed. The effects of nucleotides on apoptosis of mice thymocytes were investigated in experiment 2. Sixty KM mice, 20 g +/- 2g, 4 weeks old, were divided into four treatments: negative control group (NC), positive control group (PC), nucleotides-additive group 1 (NTS1) and nucleotides-additive group 2 (NTS2).

RESULTSBody weight gained in NST1 and NST2 were 3.71 g, 4.01 g respectively, significantly higher than NC (2.74 g) (P < 0.01) and in NST2 was significantly higher than in PC (2.96 g) (P < 0.01). Thymus index and spleen index were decreased significantly (P < 0.01), and no difference was found with the supplementation of nucleotides (P > 0.05). [Ca2+]i increased to 167.37 nmol/L, 191.16 nmol/L, 180.78 nmol/L in PC, NST1 and NST2 with DEX, being significantly higher than in NC (103.76 nmol/L) (P < 0.01). The percent of apoptosised thymocytes in groups were 0.31%, 11.93%, 9.82%, 11.15%, respectively. Thymus index and spleen index, cell apoptosis and [Ca2+]i were not differed significantly among PC, NTS1 and NTS2 groups.

CONCLUSIONNucleotides should have no significant effects on apoptosis of thymocytes in mice in vivo.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Nucleotides ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Thymus Gland ; cytology

Objective: To investigate the relationship between P27，P53 and PCNA expression in human gastric carcinoma tissues and clinicopathological parameters. Methods: The expression of P27，P53 and PCNA in 62 human gastric carcinoma tissues was examined with immunohistochemistry SP method. Results: Positive rates of P27，P53 and PCNA expression were 37.1％, 40.4%，83.9％. P27 expression was related with Bormann type, infiltrative depth, lymph node and distant metastasis and clinical stage. P53 expression was related with sex of patients, distant metastasis and clinical stage. PCNA expression was related with age of patients and infiltrative depth of tumor. P27 positive expression group was higher than negative group as to 5-year survival. P27 expression was in reverse relation with PCNA expression. Conclusion: The expression of P27, P53 and PCNA may be regarded as an important marker in judging malignant degree of gastric carcinoma,distant metastasis and prognosis.

Objective: To explore the characteristics and related factors of adolescent executive function, so as to provide theoretical basis for promoting the development of adolescent executive function. Methods: A total of 5 018 adolescents aged 13-18 from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi and Urumqi were selected by convenient cluster random sampling method from September to December 2022, and their basic information, family status, lifestyle behavior, physical fitness and executive function were investigated by questionnaire survey. Considering the heterogeneity between schools, a multilevel Logistic model was established to analyze the related factors of adolescent executive function. Results: The inhibitory function of high school students was better than that of middle school students (Z=-2.69). In terms of refreshment function, high school students were superior than middle school students (1-back:Z=-11.32; 2-back:Z=-11.36), and male students were superior than female students (2-back:Z=-2.18); in terms of shifting function, high school students were superior than middle school students (Z=-2.63), and boys were superior than girls (Z=-7.10)(P<0.05). The results of multilevel model analysis showed that the executive function of adolescents was clustered at the school level. At the individual level, junior high school refreshment function (1-back:β=56.94; 2-back:β=127.00), and shifting function (β=35.64) were worse than that of high school students; the refreshment function 2-back (β=-21.24) and shifting function (β=-28.42) of male students were better than those of female students; the refreshment function 2-back of nononly child was better than that of only child (β=-19.36); refreshment function of low fitness was worse than that of high fitness (β=37.35); the shifting function of the video screen time not up to standard was better than that of the standard (β=-14.30)(P<0.05). Conclusions The executive function of high school students is better than that of middle school students, the refreshment function and shifting function of boys are better than that of girls. Family environment, lifestyle and physical health are significant factors related to executive function of Chinese adolescents. By raising awareness of the major supporting and impeding factors for executive functioning in adolescents, it can help to develop effective intervention programs for adolescents.