Objectives:To evaluate lung injury mechanism in SD rat with nitrogen dioxide(NO2) exposure. 　Methods:In the test-control study, pulmonary malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH) and total-antioxidant content(T-AOC) were determined in 10 SD rats with long-term NO2 exposure,10 SD rats with short-term NO2 exposure and 10 SD rats with fresh air as control. 　Results: Pulmonary MDA content was increased and T-AOC was decreased significantly in SD rat exposed to NO2. Pulmonary GSH was decreased significantly in long-term NO2 exposure group as compared with short-term NO2 exposure group and control group. 　Conclusions: Imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant was an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of oxidizing lung injury in SD rat with NO2 exposure.

Objectives: To analyze the strategies of the diagnosis and treatment in patients with the pulmonary infection after renal transplantation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on 28 cases of pulmonary infections among 285 patients undergoing renal transplantation. Results: The morbidity of pulmonary infection was 9.82%(28/285). The majority pathogens of pulmonary infection in this study were pseudomonas, staphylococcus epidermidis, canadida and cytomegalovirus. Chest X ray was important in the diagnosis, but there was no specificity to determine the pathogens. The mortality in 28 pulmonary infection patients was 32.1%(9/28). Most of the patients suffered from pulmonary infection within 4 months after the operation, and the postoperative period from 2 months to 4 months was a high risk time window for death caused by pulmonary infections. Conclusions: The morbidity and mortality of pulmonary infections, especially severe pneumonia, in patients with renal transplantation, are higher than healthy people. Treatment following clinical epidemiology and strategy of microbiology play a very important role to reduce the mortality in those patients.

Shanghai University of TCM was the first Chinese medicine university that established field-grade experimental teaching center in China.And both of the Chinese medicine and Chinese herbs experimental teaching centers became national experimental teaching demonstration centers.There is general improvement in laboratories conditions,so the experimental teaching team building is the critical factor of improving experimental teaching quality.The experimental teaching team of Shanghai University of TCM consists of excellent teachers as its backbone,and lecturers and technicians from fields in traditional Chinese medicine Chinese herbs and clinical practices.The team members cooperate with each other by setting up experimental teaching research groups to improve teaching quality,which plays an important role in building experimental teaching demonstration center.

Objective To investigate the effect of ketamine on the release of norepinephrine(NE)fromlocus coeruleus in the brain of rabbits,trying to elucidate the central mechanism of cardio-vascular responseinduced by ketamine.Methods Nine healthy male New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were used in thisstudy.A trocar(0.8 mm in diameter)was inserted into locus coeruleus using the stereotactic technique and fixed.Four days later push-pull perfusion of the brain was performed.37℃ artificial cerebrospinal fluid(aCSF)wasinfused through the trocar at 0.1 ml?min~(-1).A loading dose of ketamine 2 mg?kg~(-1) was given i.v.followed byketamine infusion at 50 ?g?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) for 20 min.The perfusate from locus coeruleus was collected before duringand after ketamine infusion every 20 min.The NE concentration of the perfusate was measured by high performanceliquid chromatography(HPLC).Results The NE concentration of perfusate from locus coeruleus increasedsignificantly after ketamine infusion from(16?3) pg～?l~(-1) to(32?4)pg??l~(-1) and returned to baseline level 20min after termination of ketamine infusion.Conclusion Ketamine increases the concentration of NE in locuscoeruleus.The increased NE release from locus coeruleus may explain the central mechanism of circulatoryexcitement induced by ketamine.

Objective To explore the anatomical characteristic of the third palmar interosseous mus- cle as well its dominate nerve,and to investigate the anatomical basis of difficult recovery of digitus minimus adduction.Methods Twenty aduh fresh hands without deformity and trauma were obtained.Dissect and observe the third palmar interosseous muscle and its dominate nerve and adjacent structure under surgical mi- croseope,measure the size of the third pahnar interosseous muscle and its dominate nerve,the data were pro- cessed by stastistics method.Results Among palmar interosseous muscles and its dominate nerves,the third palmar interosseous muscle and its dominate nerve is the smallest.There are conspicuous tendon bundle on the surface of the third palmar interosseous muscle partly,which have a potential compression on the third palmar interosseous muscle dominting nerve.Conclusion The third palmar interosseous muscle is the smal- lest among palmar interusseous muscles and it is the only digitus minimus adduction muscle.The sominating nerve of the third palmar interosseous muscle is small anti the tendon bundle of the third palmar interosseous muscle have a potential compression.All these can cast light on diffcult recovery of digitus minimus adduction.

Objective: To analyze the long-term prognosis of re-operation in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) after left sided valve replacement (LSVR) and hence evaluate the optimal timing of mentioned re-operation. Methods: A total of 59 FTR patients who had re-operation after their prior LSVR in our hospital from 1999-01 to 2013-01 were analyzed. The clinical information and post-operative follow-up results were recorded in all patients. Results: There were 5/59 (8.5%) patients died in peri-operative period and the overall post-operative mortality was 11.9% (7/59). The follow-up data of 54 survivors were available for the mean time of 51.1 (21-188) months. There were 19/54 (35.2%) patients suffered from MACE and 30 (55.6%) were beneifted by improved cardiac function. Uni-variable analysis indicated that pre-operative NYHA class IV (P=0.008), pre-operative right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (P=0.037), concomitant left-sided redo-operation (P=0.017) and TVR operation (P=0.002) were associated with all cause mortality of tricuspid re-operation. Multi-variable Cox regression analysis showed that pre-operative RV dysfunction was the only independent risk factor of long term MACE-free accumulating survival rate (HR=3.0, 95% CI 1.11-8.2,P=0.031); while TVR operation (HR=12.8, 95% CI 1.53-107.02,P=0.019) and pre-operative NYHA class IV (HR=5.3, 95% CI 1.20-24.51,P=0.032) were the independent risk factors for long-term mortality in patients after tricuspid re-operation. Conclusion: Patients with compensatory RV function showed better long term prognosis after secondary tricuspid operation. Aggressive re-operation before the occurrence of right ventricular dysfunction could be beneficial for relevant patients.

The chemical consitituents from cytotoxic fraction of the Callicarpa nudiflora extract were isolated and purified by a combination of HP-20 macroporous resin, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. The structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic data and comparison of their spectroscopic data with reported data. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT assay. The 50% and 70% EtOH elutions of EtOH-extract showed significant cytotoxic activities, leading to the isolation of twelve compounds, which were identified as luteoloside(1), lutedin-4'-O-β-D-glucoside(2), 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucoside(3), lutedin-7-O-neohesperidoside(4), rhoifolin (5), luteolin-7, 4'-di-O-glucoside (6), forsythoside B (7), acteoside (8), alyssonoside (9), catalpol(10), nudifloside(11), and leonuride(12). Compounds 3-6, 10 and 12 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compound 9 was isolated from this plant for the first time. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that flavonoids 1-6, in various concentrations, showed monolithic proliferation inhibitory activities against Hela, A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. Compounds 3, 5 and iridoid glycoside 11 possessed higher cytotoxicacivities. In short, flavonoids are the main components of cytotoxic extract from C. nudiflora, while phenylethanoid glycosides are the predominant ingredient but inactive to cancer cell lines. In addition, the minor iridoid glycoside expressed weak cytotoxic activity.
Callicarpa ; chemistry ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cytotoxins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Molecular Structure

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of drug properties on the encapsulation effiency (EE) and drug release of transfersomes for a proper transfersome preparation.

METHODTo prepare the transfersomes of colchicines (CLC), vincristine sulfate (VCR) and mitoxantrone hydrochloride (DHAD) with the same materials and methods, and then measure their EE. To find out the relationship between drug properties like solubility, molecular weight and charges, and EE. To performe the drug release experiments of various types of transfersomes in vitro, and compare their differences.

RESULTVCR and DHAD are lipophilic or hydrophilic, owing positive charges and large molecular weight, as a result, their EE are high, while CLC is amphipathic, neutral, and of small molecular weight, its EE is very low. As DHAD can insert into the membrane of transfersome, the drug release of DHAD-T in vitro is much slower than that of VCR-T.

CONCLUSIONTo prepare transfersomes with high EE, drugs that are lipophilic or hydrophilic, high molecular weight and opposite charges to the membrane should be chosen. Interaction between drugs and membrane will influnce the rate of drug release.

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Colchicine ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Deoxycholic Acid ; Drug Carriers ; Gout Suppressants ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Mitoxantrone ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Vincristine ; administration & dosage ; chemistry

Objective To clarify the effect of Fogarty balloon catheter thrombectomy on venous wall integraty when performed on different time phases.MethodsA murine model of inferior vena caval thrombosis was established. Collagen of venous wall was measured by Van Gieson staining and this was used as the criteria of venous wall injury. The thrombus residue was determined after Fogarty balloon catheter thrombectomy in each individual time phase. Results Collagen deposit in the adventitia of venous wall increased every day,to an amount of (5 902?399) ?m2 on the third day which was significantly different from that of controls (5 333?454) ?m2(P

Objectives: To identify any craniofacial morphological changes induced by a mandibular-repositioning oral appliance (MRA) and to explore the possibility of predicting the treatment response to MRA by cephalometric analysis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: Seventy OSA patients [male/female: 63/7; age: (50.5±11.6) years; BMI: (27.6±4.6) kg/m2; AI: (34.9±21.3) episodes/hour; and oxygen saturation nadir: (66.3±16.5) %] were enrolled. MRA was fabricated individually for each patient after the consultation by a dentist. Polysomnographic (PSG) examination was repeated with MRA in place 3 months after the initiation of the MRA therapy. For cephalometric analysis, a pair of cephalograms of each patient was obtained, one with and another without MRA. Results and Conclusions: After 3 months' treatment, AI was (156±19.2) episodes/hour, significantly reduced compared with the pre-treatment average AI (34.9±21.3 episodes/hour,P<0.000 1). Oxygen saturation nadir improved from (66.3±16.5)% (pre-treatment) to (74.1±15.5)% (with MRA) (P<0.001). A reduction of AI≥50% was achieved in 42 patients. Insertion of MRA led to anterior shift of the mandible, increase in upper airway width and area and decrease in upper airway length. Those with evident retrognathia and longer anterior upper facial height were more likely to benefit from the MRA management.