Converting two poorly water-soluble crystalline drugs to co-amorphous drug systems by ball milling, quench-cooling, or cryo-milling method can improve stability of the drug, enhance dissolution rates, and reduce adverse reactions of the single drug. Co-amorphous system has been used to solve problems of co-administration of medicines. Formation and intermolecular interactions of co-amorphous drug systems may be verified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Stability of co-amorphous drug systems is influenced by their glass transition temperature (Tg) and intermolecular interactions. The theoretical Tg values and the interaction parameter x are calculated by Gordon-Taylor equation and the Flory-Huggins equation, respectively. Thus, co-amorphous drug systems are analyzed theoretically at molecular level. Co-amorphous drug systems provide a new sight for the co-administration of medicines.

Objective To map the approximate transcription initiation site of STK11/LKB1 and identify its potential promoter region. Methods All reported transcripts of STK11/LKB1 were colllected through searching online database. The “first exon”, “first intron” and 5' UTR upstream gDNA sequence of STK11/LKB1 were analysed by MethPrimer and FiretEF to predict the CpG island and possible transcription initiation site, respectively. The STK11/LKB1 gDNA sequence was also analysed by softwares such as PromoterInspector to predict the probable promoter region. Results Among all the reported transcripts of STK11/LKB1, 5'UTR of BC007981 was the longest. STK11/LKB1 gene was a typical CpG island associated gene. There was no exon in the upstream region of the “first exon”, and 5'UTR in BC007981 was close to transcription initiation site. Promoters were predicted in the BC007981 5' upstream 200～400bp region. Conclusion The 5'UTR of STK11/LKB1 approaches the transcription initiation site. The transcription initiation site of STK11/LKB1 gene in several hundreds bp region of 5'UTR upstream may be indentified. The data will benefit further research on the trascriptional regulation of STK11/LKB1 through experimental methods.

Nanoscale biomaterials,due to their excellent mechanical,chemical and biological properties,are now being applied in regenerative medicine.Nanoscale materials incorporation into 3D synthetic organ scaffolds has had a breakthrough in tissue engineering.This review provides an update report on the use of nanomaterials in 3D scaffolds of tissue engineering,including fabrication methods of 3D scaffolds of nanomaterials and their physicochemical properties,biocompatibility and degradability.

In recent years,Scientists paid close attention to the studies and applications of tissue-engineered trachea,which have made some advances.But how to promote tissue-engineered trachea for clinical application still needs deeper research.Here we discussed from three key aspects of tissue-engineered trachea (Scaffold,Cell,Bioreactor),which attempted to retrospect the current progress in tissue-engineered trachea and provided a guidance of further investigations.

In recent years, scientists paid close attention to the studies of 3D printing in cardiovascular tissue engineer-ing, which has made some advances.But how to promote cardiovascular tissue engineering for clinical application still needs deeper research.Here we discussed from three cardiovascular tissues ( myocardial tissue, heart valves, coronary) , which at-tempted to retrospect the current progress of 3 D printing in cardiovascular tissue engineering and provided a guidance of further investigations.

Objective To establish the quality standard for Yanyan syrup. Methods Thin layer chromatography ( TLC) was used for the qualitative identification of Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Scrophulariae Radix. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of puerarin on Diamonsil C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm) column with mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.5% acetic acid (25:75) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 250 nm. Results TLC spots were clear and well-separated without negative interference.The linear range of puerarin was 3-120μg?mL-1( r=0.999 7) with an average recovery of 97.44% ( RSD=2.07%,n=6) . Conclusion The method for quality and quantity of Yanyan syrup is simple, specific, accurate and reliable.It can be used for the quality control of Yanyan syrup.

Objective Response surface methodology ( RSM ) was applied to optimize the ultrasonic extraction conditions for flavonoids from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Methods The influence factors of ultrasonic extraction were evaluated using the Box-Behnken central component experiments and analyzed by RSM. Results The optimum extraction conditions were confirmed as follows:extraction time 30. 0 min, ratio of liquid to solid 21∶1, concentration of ethanol 60%. The yield of flavonoids under this condition was (4.65±0.036)% (n=3). Conclusion The flavonoids could be extracted with stability and higher yield from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt under optimized conditions.

Objective To investigate the factors that influence the fermentation process of compound Chinese medicine and determining the optimum fermentation with single factor experiment and response surface methodology. Methods Through controlling the factors in the fermentation process of compound Chinese medicine (such as fermentation bacteria, fermentation time, fermentation temperature, inoculum amount, etc.), with its increase rate of total peak area as evaluation indicator, the alcohol extracts before and after fermentation were monitored and comparative evaluated by HPLC, and the optimum fermentation process was determined by response surface methodology. Results The fermentation process optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology was as follows:SZ-2 strain served as the fermentation bacteria, temperature was 33 ℃, inoculum amount was 4%, and time was 3.5 d, the average increase rate of total peak area was 31.24%. Conclusion HPLC can be used to identify and evaluate the fermentation of compound Chinese medicine under the different factors, and to clarify the optimal fermentation process by response surface methodology, which provide reference for the development of fermentation process.

Objective To study the role of IL 12 and IL 13 mRNA in children with asthma. Methods Use of semi quantitative RT PCR, IL 12 and IL 13 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), as well as total IgE in serum from children with asthma, which is in the period of acute phase, were detected. Results Compared with control group, The expression level of IL 12 mRNA were decreased and that of IL 13 mRNA were increased in asthmatic children; The sicker the patient was, the lower expression of IL 12 mRNA, the higher expression of IL 13 mRNA; No matter how the IgE level was, there was significantly different between the expression of IL 12 and IL 13 mRNA. Conclusion IL 12 and IL 13 may be one of the factors causing bronchial chronic inflammation.

Objective To investigate the expression of aquaporin-8(AQP8)and apoptosis associated bcl-2 protein in human cervical carcinoma and their relationship.Methods The expression of AOP8 and bcl-2 protein in 74 cases of cervical carcinoma (46 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix,28 cases of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix),34 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)and 15 cases of normal cervices were detected by immunohistochemical technique,and their clinical significance were analyzed.Results The expression of AQP8 and bcl-2 protein were detected in intracytoplasm of atypia cells in CIN.squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.The positive rates of AQP8 and bcl-2 in squamous-cell carcinoma.adenocarcinoma,CIN and normal cervical epithelium were 98%,74%;61%,71%;71%,53%;53%,20%respectively.There were significant differences between squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and other groups in AQP8(P＜0.01),but no significant differences were found in any other groups.There were significant differences between squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and CIN or normal cervical epithelium in bcl-2.so were between adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.The expression of AQP8 was positively correlated with bcl-2 in human cervical carcinoma(rs=0.463,P=0.000).Conclusions There is a close relationship between high expression of AQP8 and development of human cervical carcinoma.The expression of AQP8 protein is positively correlated with bcl-2 protein in human cervical carcinoma. AQP8 protein may have anti-apoptosis function.although the detailed mechanism in human cervical carcinoma remaias to be clarified.