Objective To investigate and analyze the economic burden and family burden among patients with depression.Methods 180 patients who diagnosed with depression according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-version Ⅳ (DSM-Ⅳ) had been enrolled randomly.The self-made economic costs questionnaire and the Family Burden Scale of Diseases (FBS) were utilized for investigation.168 participants finished this study.Results The per capita total economic cost of patients was 21 650 Yuan,direct economic costs was 6 806 Yuan,indirect costs was 14 844 yuan.The total economic costs,direct economic costs and direct medical costs of hospitalized patients were significantly higher than outpatients.The total economic cost per capita,indirect economic costs,costs decreased by work delays and work ability impairment of urban patients were significantly higher than rural patients.Four factors of FBS such as subjective feeling,family life,home entertainment and mental health had higher positive answer rate,which was above 60％.The positive answer rate of family relationship and physical health was lower than 40％.Conclusions Patients with depression suffered high economic burden and family burden.

Objective: To study the effect of seed oil of Hippophae rhamnoides L.(SOHR) on experimental hepatocirrhosis in mice. Methods: CCl_(4) was used in the experiment to form the model of experimental hepatocirrhosis in mice.In order to measure the possible changes of GPT and SOD in serum and SOD and MDA in tissues,we fed these mice with different concentration of SOHR for 45 days.The Does-Effect Curve was set up based on the data of this experiment. Results: SOHR could control the increase of GPT in serum and the decrease of SOD evidently,as well as the increase of MDA in tissues.The relationship of that the Hippophae rhamnoides dose with the decrease of GPT is significant. Conclusion: SOHR protects the experimental hepatacirrhosis in mice.

Our hospital adopted a series of measures in its nursing reform so as to meet the needs of its pa- tients and improve its nursing quality. The steps include: appointing head nurses via competition; rewarding the best performing nurse and firing the worst one; adopting a ranking list with regard to nursing quality; implementing the mode of holistic nursing; carrying out flexible shifts and shift according to the needs of both patients and the hospital; changing the flow of nursing work; and improving the model of nursing management. Nursing reform in our hospital inspired the enthusiasm of the nursing personnel, enhanced the efficacy of nursing management and ensured nursing quality. [

Objective To discuss the application of breast surgery with radical surgery in the therapeutic effect and complications in patients with early breast cancer.Methods 110 early breast cancer patients with surgical treatment were randomly divided into two groups,each group in 55 cases,the control group was given radical surgical treatment,the observation group was given breast conserving operation,surgery were recorded in patients of the two groups.Results The results of the observation group showed operative incision length (4.02 ±1.15)cm,operation time (58.93 ±13.25)min,intraoperative blood loss (10.11 ±2.87)mLand length of hospital stay (10.74 ±2.17)d. The datas of control group showed surgical incision length (11.87 ±2.44)cm,operation time (95.72 ±26.78)min, intraoperative blood loss (85.27 ±14.28)mL and length of hospital stay (15.86 ±4.43)d,the differences were statistically significant (t =21.582,9.131,5.714,7.697,all P <0.05).Observation group occurred postoperative hand infection in 1 case,upper extremity edema in 2 cases,and no subcutaneous hemorrhage occurs.Control group had 6 cases of postoperative hand infection,10 cases of upper limb edema,and subcutaneous hemorrhage in 5 cases,the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =4.852,5.986,5.238,all P <0.05).3 months after operation,datas of observation group showed physiological state (54.18 ±6.28)points,psychological state (59.27 ±5.82)points,environmental conditions (68.45 ±7.68)points and social function (57.46 ±5.97)points.Physiological state of the control group after 3 month was (65.69 ±9.11)points,while psychological state was (68.31 ±7.33)points,environmental conditions was (78.17 ±10.54)points,social function was (68.77 ±7.15)points,the differences were statistically significant (t =7.714,7.163,5.527,9.004,all P <0.05).Conclusion Breast surgery application in patients with early breast cancer can shorten the operation time,reduce intraoperative bleeding and flow rate,shorten the length of hospital stay, reduce complications and improve postoperative quality of life,it is worth popularizing in clinical application.

Objective To observe the biological characteristics and analyse primary therapeutic response of acute erythroid leukemia.Methods The data of 28 patients primarily diagnosed as acute erythroid leukemia were analyzed.The patients were divided into with muhilineage dysplasia group and without muhilineage dysplasia group,and the morphology,immunology,cytogenetics and molecular biology characteristics and the complete remission rate of the first induction therapy were compared.Results There were 14 cases(50％)with muhilineage dysplasia,which involved in two lineage or trilineage.In 6 cases by flow cytometry,the myeloid blast immunophenotypes were common expressed.In 8 cases detected by karyotype analysis,5 cases were chromosomal abnormal,including 4 cases were complex chromosomal abnormal,1 case was trisomy 8.In 4 cases underwent WT1 detection,all of them were positive.The complete remission rate of the first induction therapy was 39.29％(11/28),the ratein the multilineage dysplasia group was 35.71％(5/14),and the ratein without multilineage dysplasia group was 42.86％(6/14),the difference had no statistical significance(P＞0.05).The complete remission rate of the complex chromosome group was 25.00％(1/4),the intermediate prognostic group was 50.00％(2/4).Conclusions Acute erythroid leukemia had special biological features different from other subtype AML:accompanyed with high frequency of multilineage dysplasia.The abnormality of karyotype were high,and it was often complex karyotype involved with chromosome 5 and/or chromosome 7,which had a low complete remission rate.The complete remission rate of chemotherapy was low,treatment effect was poor.

Objective To observe the effect of Chinese herbal compound Yitangkang on the expressions of advanced glyclation end-products (AGEs) and the receptor of advanced glyclation end-products mRNA(RAGE-mRNA) in rats with diabetic nephropathy(DN),and to discuss the mechanism of the formulas in the treatment of DN. Methods The rat model of DN were established by intraperitoneal injection of strepotozotocin(STZ). After 8 weeks intervention with medications, the expression of renal RAGEs mRNA was detected by Real-time PCR, renal RAGE by immunohistochemistry, and renal content of AGEs by spectrophotometry. Results Compared with normal control group, the expression of renal RAGEs mRNA and RAGEs in diabetic nephropathy rats were increased significantly(P<0.01). Compared with DN group, the expression of renal RAGEs mRNA and RAGEs in three doses Yitangkang groups and western medicine group were decreased significantly(P<0.01). Conclusion Chinese herbal compound Yitangkang could protect kidney of diabetic nephropathy rats,and the mechanism is related to its loweirng renal expression of RAGEs mRNA, RAGEs and AGEs content.

Objective To study the views of clinical nursing staff about current nursing quality evaluation so as to find the problems in nursing quality evaluation.Method 25 head nurses and nurses were interviewed using semi-structured open interview about nursing quality evaluation.Result The current nursing quality evaluation system was lower in sensitivity,focusing more on nursing skills but less on nursing evaluation of nursing specialties.Conclusions The system of current nursing quality evaluation lacks of nursing evaluation of nursing specialties and therefore cannot meet the requirements for the development of nursing specialty. Therefore,it is urgent to regulate an evaluation system for nursing specialties.

Objective To research on the proliferation and differentiation in vitro of primordial germ cells. Methods We got plenty of primordial germ cells(PGCs) by co-culture of PGCs with sertoli cells(SCs).The primary cells formed embryoid bodies(EBs) by suspension culture.furthermore,these EBs were plated on gelatin-coated culture plates for spontaneous differentiation. Results We got plenty of PGCs by coculture.Primary PGCs and passaged PGCs for histochemistry staining with AKP and immunohistochemistry staining for SSEA-1 display positive character.The EBs by suspension culture differentiated into epithelial-like,fibroblast-like and neuronal-like cells in vitro. Conclusion Primordial germ cells can proliferate and keep the character of stem cells by co-culture with SCs.PGCs can form EBs by suspension culture,most of these EBs can differentiate into neuronal-like cells,they also can differentiate into epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells in vitro.

Objective To investigate the pulmonary morphologic changes and pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) mRNA expression in fetal rats with maternal intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).Methods Animal models of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy were induced by 17-α-ethinylestradiol and progesterone.Histopathologic examination of the fetal lungs was performed under light and electronic microscopes.The expression of SP-A mRNA in the fetal lungs was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique.Results (1) Compared with the control group,histopathologic examination showed that fetal pulmonary tissues had dilated and congested interstitial lung capillaries,thickened alveolar septum,mild focal inflammatory exudation and focal hemorrhage in alveolus.Furthermore,reduced microvilli,mitochondrion vacuolization,cytoplasm disintegration and increased lamellar body evacuation were observed in alveolar epithelial cell II in ICP group under light and electronic microscopes.(2) Expression of SP-A mRNA in fetal lungs of ICP group (0.71 + 0.10) was significantly lower than that in control group (1.00±0.27),t=3.093,P＜0.05.Conclusions Hyperbileacidemia in ICP maternal rat might lead to pathological changes in fetal pulmonary tissues.Low expression of SP-A mRNA might contribute to lesions of fetal lung with ICP.

Objective To investigate the influence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) on the pulmonary morphologic changes of fetal rats.Methods Twenty pregnant SD rats at 15 days of gestations were randomly divided into ICP and control group.Rats in the ICP group were subcutaneously injected with 17-α-ethinylestradiol and progesterone for 5 consecutive days to establish the rat ICP model, and those of the control group received subcutaneous injection of sirasimeyu also for 5 days.The levels of serum alanine aminotransferases (ALT), aspartate transamlnase (AST), and total bile salt (TBA) were measured before and after the treatment, respectively.Maternal rats were sacrificed on 21 days of gestations and hysterotomies were performed immediately.Histopathologic changes of mammal rats' livers and fetal lungs were observed under light and electron microscopes.Results (1) The maternal serum levels of ALT, AST, and TBA showed no significant difference between the ICP and control group [ALT: (55 ± 15) vs (49 ±12) U/L; AST:(146±16)vs (145±20) U/L; TBA: (13±4) vs (14 ±4) μmol/L, P>0.05, respectively]before the ICP models were established, but higher levels were shown in the ICP group after [ALT: (94±12) vs (59±17) U/L; AST: (245±26) vs (163±27) U/L; TBA: (44±16) vs (17± 3) μmol/L, P <0.05, respectively].(2) The livers of maternal rats' in the ICP group were gloomy with blurred margins, however those of the control group were normal.Microscopic observed swollen and degenerated hepatocytes with narrowed hepatic sinusoid, dilated bile duct and necrosis of hepatocytes occasionally in the ICP group, while the morphology of hepatocytes and structures of lobuli hepatis in the control group were normal.(3) The fetal pulmonary tissues in the ICP group were dark, and normal in the control group.Histopathologic examination showed matured fetal pulmonary tissues with dilated and congested interstitial lung capillaries, thickened alveolar septum, mild focal inflammatory exudation and focal hemorrhage in alveolus.Furthermore, reduced microvilli, mitochondrion vacuolization, cytoplasm disintegration and increased lamellar body evacuation were observed in type Ⅱ pneumonocytes in ICP group under light and electron microscopes.While fetal pulmonary tissues of the control group did not show any significant lesions.Conclusions Rat model of ICP can be established with the combination of estrogen and progestin.Hyperbileacidemia in ICP rat may lead to pathological changes in fetal pulmonary tissues.