Objective To study the effects of pronunciation after cochlear implantation in children,and find out the common rules of initials consonant pronunciation errors.Methods We used the cards as the pronunciation articulation test from hearing impairment children's hearing,language competency assessment standards and methods to evaluate auditory-verbal ability after cochlear implantation,then recorded and analyzed the errors of the initials consonant.Results After training for 10 months,we evaluated speech articulation of prelingually deaf children of 3 to 5 years old with cochlear implants 73.93%±12.76%.The most incorrect pronunciations were/s/,/z/,/sh/,/g/,/ch/,/j/,/k/,/l/,/c/,/zh/,/f/and/p/,which had resulted in substitution.According to the classification of pronunciation articulation,it focused on supradialectical and velar while the least in bilabial and blade-alveolar.Ac-cording to the classification of pronunciation method,nasal,lateral and unaspirated stop had low error rates.Conclu-sion Only do when we comprehend rules of cochlear implants in children pronunciation as well as study,can we solve problems and do well in language training.The most incorrect pronunciations in children with CI are supradia-lectical and velar,the language training should be performed aecordingly.

Objective: To investigate the changes of serum levels of leptin in chronic heart failure (CHF) rats with cachexia and to study its mechanism via leptin receptor expression and leptin signal transduction pathways.
Methods: There were 15/60 male SD rats were randomly used as Control group. CHF model was established in rest 45 rats by isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO) injection as CHF group, n=36;9 rats died. According to body weight changes and echocardiography examination, CHF rats were further divided into 2 groups:cCHF group, the rats with cachexia, n=16 and ncCHF group, the rats with non-cachexia, n=20. Serum levels of leptin and protein levels of janus activating kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) were examined by ELISA;the expressions of leptin receptor in the myocardial and adipose tissues were observed by immunohistochemistry;mRNA expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and SOCS3 in adipose tissue were detected by RT-PCR.
Results: Serum levels of leptin, JAK2, STAT3 and the expressions of JAK2, STAT3 in adipose tissue were higher in both ncCHF and cCHF groups than Control group, P<0.05;protein levels and mRNA expressions of JAK2 and STAT3 were similar between cCHF group and ncCHF group, P>0.05. Serum levels of leptin, SOCS3 and mRNA expression of SOCS3 in cCHF group were lower than ncCHF group, P<0.05. The expressions of leptin receptor in myocardial and adipose tissue were higher in cCHF group than ncCHF group, P<0.05, while the expressions in ncCHF group were higher than Control group, P<0.05.
Conclusions: Increased serum level of leptin was involved in HF occurrence, leptin receptor expression and JAK2/STAT3 signal transduction pathways might be related to CHF combining cachexia in experimental rats.

Matrix metallopmteinase(MMP),a family of proteolytic enzymes,can degradate the composition of extracellular matrix.Its structure,regulatory function and physiopathology have been deeply studied,and its role in tumor metastasis has received more attention.The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP),as an endogenous MMP inhibitor,suppresses both the form and course of MMP activation.The function zone of its C-end accords with some other parts of MMP,forming an MMP-TIMP compound,to block the combination of MMP with the substrate,suppress the activation of MMP,and slow down or block the invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma.

Objective To explore the work-related stressors of night shift nurses’in coronary care unit(CCU).Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 6 night shift nurses in CCU with phenomenological method to analyze work experience of night shift.Result CCU night shift nurses’work-related stressors were found to be horror,frustration,overwork,interpersonal communication stress and shortage of work experience.Conclusion Strengthening psychological communication and emergency training to nurses,adopting incentive mechanism and organization support can relieve nurses’physical and psychological stress and improve work initiative.

Objective To construct cDNA library of alveolar macrophages after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dexamethasone (Dex) treatment for exploring the protein molecule interactive with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in condition of inflammation. Methods After the cultured AMs were treated with LPS (10mg/ml) and Dex (10 -5 mol/L) for 4h, total RNA was extracted from AMs, then the cDNA was synthesized from total RNA of AMs and amplified using primers SMARTⅢ TM and CDSⅢoligo (dT) as the base of recombination. The purified PCR products as well as the linearized plasmid pGADT7-Rec were co-transformed into the competent yeast AH109. They were recombined by yeast homologous recombinase in the yeast cells and became the active cyclic plasmid. The transformed yeasts grew in the SD/-Leu plates. All the growing clones were harvested and then constituted the cDNA library. Furthermore, the bait pGBKT7-rGR transformed the yeast AH109 of library was constructed, and the protein molecule interactive with GR was screened. Results cDNA library of AMs was constructed with high multiplication and good capacity. 1.07?106 recombinants were obtained from the cDNA library. The amplified PCR fragments were between 0.3-1.5kb in size. One true positive clone, obtained by screening the cDNA library, was confirmed to be BAG-1 by sequencing and BLAST. Conclusion The yeast two-hybrid cDNA library of AMs was successfully constructed by Clontech SMART method; GR can interact with BAG-1 in yeast cells.

Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(sVCAM-1)in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP).Methods The levels of plasma VEGF and sVCAM-1 were measured in 58 children with HSP and 23 normal children by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively.Results The plasma levels of VEGF and sVCAM-1 of HSP children at acute stage were significantely higher than those of HSP children at the remission stage and those of the controls(Pa

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and pathological features of primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) and their correlation.Methods Liver biopsy specimens were obtained through percutaneous needle puncture from twenty four patients with PBC who had not been diagnosed or treated before.These samples were fixed in formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin for routine histological examination.Pathologic stages based on Ludwig criteria,fibrosis,portal and periportal inflammation,lymphocytic periportal piecemeal necrosis,ductular proliferation,intralobular hepatocyte necrosis,the degree of ductopenia and relevant laboratory results were recorded.Statistics method used was x2 or t-test,Mann-whitmey U nonperametric test and Pearson's or Spearman's correlation analysis.Results The pathological stages,degree of fibrosis were positively correlated with total bilirubin (TBIL) level,total bile acid (TBA),cholesterol (CHO),IgG levels,and were negatively correlated with serum albumin(ALB) level(r=-0.527,P=0.030; r=-0.503,P=0.039) ,percentage of eosinophilic cells (EOS) ( r=-0.554,P=0.021; r=-0.502,P=0.040).Lymphocytic periportal piecemeal necrosis was positively correlated with alkaline phosp-hatase (ALP),TBIL,DBIL,TBA,and also tumor necrosis factor-αt (TNF-αα) levels(r=0.617,P=0.006).Conclusion TBIL,DBIL,TBA,CHO,IgG and ALB,EOS are good surrogate markers for disease sever ity and reversibility of PBC,while ALP,TNF-Cα,TBIL,DBlL,TBA can be used as markers for disease activity.

Objective To study whether bellidifolin has rehabilitation effect on injured sciatic nerve rats,and whether ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is involved in this mechanism.Methods 225 male wistar rats were made to be sciatic nerve injured models,with right sciatic nerve being cut and sewed under microscopy,left sciatic being sham.Rats were randomly divided into control group,bellidifolin 25 mg,50 mg,75 mg groups and mecobalamin group,with 45 rats in each group.Rats in control group were just injected sodium chloride,others were intra-peritonealiy injected different doses of bellidifolin and mecobalamin after operation.Results Three weeks after operation,SFl of control group,mecobalaming group,bellidifolin 25 mg,50 mg and 75 mg group were-84.35± 4.87,-45.20±2.30,-70.42±4.21,-57.73±3.46 and-64.38±4.38 respectively.Compared with control group,others showed significant differences (P＜0.05).There were statistically differences between bellidifolin groups and mecobalaming group(P＜0.05).Within bellidifolin groups,50 mg group showed difference compared with 25 mg and 75 rg groups(P=0.031).TSW results also showed differences among bellidifolin groups,control group and mecobalaming group.There were statistical differences among bellidifolin groups(P＜0.05).Each groups with immunohistochemistry analysis,CNTF expression showed statistically differences among bellidifolin 50 mg group and 25 mg,70 rg groups,Bellidifolin 50 mg group was higher than others(P＜0.05).Conclusion Bellidifolin can promote the recovery of injured sciatic nerve,especially the concentration of 50 mg bellidifolin,and CNTF is involved in the rehablitation process.

The present paper proposed a central-driven structure of upper limb rehabilitation robot in order to reduce the volume of the robotic arm in the structure, and also to reduce the influence of motor noise, radiation and other adverse factors on upper limb dysfunction patient. The forward and inverse kinematics equations have been obtained with using the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) parameter method. The motion simulation has been done to obtain the angle-time curve of each joint and the position-time curve of handle under setting rehabilitation path by using Solid Works software. Experimental results showed that the rationality with the central-driven structure design had been verified by the fact that the handle could move under setting rehabilitation path. The effectiveness of kinematics equations had been proved, and the error was less than 3° by comparing the angle-time curves obtained from calculation with those from motion simulation.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Robotics ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Upper Extremity

Objective To investigate the possible existence of HBoV in children with acute respiratory infections in Nanjing area and explore its relationship with clinical characteristics.Methods A total of 397 nasopharyngeal secretion samples were collected from children with acute respiratory infection,admitted from July 2009 to June 2010 in Nanjing Children'S Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,and 50 cases of children without symptoms of respiratory infection were recruited as control group,whose nasopharyngeal secretion samples were also collected.HBoV was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.MP and CT were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in those HBoV-positive samples.RSV,ADV,IVA,IVB,PIV-1,PIV-2,PIV-3 and hMPV were detected by direct antigen-specific immunofluorescence assays.HBoV NP-1 fragments were amplified and sequenced in 5 HBoV positive samples randomly selected.The results were compared with the known GenBank sequence,and thereby the phylogenetic tree was established.The epidemiological characteristics,clinical presentation and the final clinical diagnosis of HBoV were analyzed according to the clinical data of the HBoV-positive patients.Results Thirty-three HBoV-positive cases were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method with a positivity rate of 8. 3% ( 33/397 ). Among the 33 HBoV-positive cases, 19 cases (57.6%) were multiple infections with HBoV and other pathogens, the top three of which were MP (27.3% ,9/33 ),RSV (24.2% , 8/33 ) and PIV-3 ( 12. 1% ,4/33 ). Affected children aged from 7 to 36 months old accounted for 75.8% of the total ( 25/33 ). The measured HBoV NP-1 gene sequences of 5 specimens were consistent,indicating a high homology (99% to 100% ) with the stl, st2 and WHL-1. Conclusions HBoV is one of the pathogens of children's acute respiratory infections in Nanjing. HBoV NP-1 gene is highly conserved,with little variation in different seasons and in different regions and therefore can be used as a marker for real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and other methods.