Objective To evaluate the applicability of the simplified equation of MDRD to predict glomerular filtration rate(GFR)from serum creatinine in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD),and refit the MDRD equation parameter estimates with Chinese patients data.Methods A total of 760 hospitalized CKD patients were investigated from 2002 to 2005.Patients'sex,age,height and body weight were recorded;plasma creatinine and ~ 99m Tc-GFR(standardized by body surface area)were measured in all patients;GFR was estimated with simplified equation of MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault;the accurancy of estimated GFR with MDRD and CG were compared with~ 99m Tc-GFR in different stage of CKD.Totally 670 patients were randomly selected as the training sample,the remaining 90 patients constituted the validation sample.We used stepwise multiple regression to refit the equation of MDRD and the regression models were developed by using the training sample.The refitting equation was then tested and compared with the other equation in the validation sample.Results (1)Both the MDRD and CG-GFR prediction equations seemd to systematically underestimate GFR,but the accurancy of MDRD equation was better than CG-GFR in stage Ⅰ~Ⅲ of CKD.(2)The bias of estimated GFR(MDRD or CG-GFR equation)with ~ 99m Tc-GFR was lower in stage Ⅰ~Ⅲ than in stage Ⅳ~Ⅴ of CKD.(3)Refitting of the MDRD equation parameter estimates to Chinese patients data set resulted in the following prediction equations:GFR=234.96?(Scr)~ -0.926 ?(Age)~ -0.280 ?0.828(Female).(4)Comparing with~ 99m Tc-GFR,the bias of estimated GFR calculated by the refitting MDRD equation was lower than that of estimated with MDRD or CG especially in the stage Ⅳ~Ⅴ of CKD in Chinese patients.Conclusion the simplified equation of MDRD can estimate GRF accurately,but the equation must be refitted in Chinese patients.

ve To investigate the possible role of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in the lung injury induced by mechanical ventilation. Methods Twenty-four healthy small pigs of either sex, weighing (17.5?2.5) kg were randomly divided into four groups according to the tida volume of mechanical ventilation: control group without mechanical ventilation; low tidal volume group (A) VT=6 ml?kg-1; normal tidal volume group (B) VT=12ml?kg-1; high tidal volume group (C) VT =25ml?kg-1. The animals were anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine 15-20mg?kg-1 and diazepam 1.5-2.0mg?kg-1 and intubated and mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with infusion of ketamine, procaine and succinylcholine. Respiratory rate was set at 18 bpm, I:E=1:2 and FiO2=35% , Femoral artery and vein were cannulated for intra-arterial pressure monitoring, blood sampling and infusion of fluid and anesthetics. ECG, rectal temperature and urine output were monitored. Venous blood samples and lung tissue from right lower lobe were obtained on 1st, 3rd and 7th day of mechanical ventilation for determination of serum and lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, expression of PECAM-1 protein on pulmonary vascular endothelium cells and electron microscopic examination. Results The serum and lung MPO activities were higher in group A, B and C than those in control group (P

This study was aimed to simultaneously determinate the content of naringin, hesperidin and atractylodin in Y un-Pi (YP) Powder extract by HPLC. A Thermo ODS-2 column (250 mm í 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used for the gra-dient elution with a methanol-water of 0~5 min (30%~40% A), 5~15 min (40%~50% A), 15~20 min (50%~79%A), 20~30 min (79%~100% A), 30~45 min (100% A), 45~55 min (100%~30% A), 55~60 min (30% A). The col-umn temperature was at 30℃. The detection wavelength was at 283 nm. The flow rate was 1 mL·min-1. The linear range was determined to be 0.009 16~0.137 00 μg (r = 0.999 9), 0.006 22~0.091 30 μg (r = 0.999 8), 0.003 58~0.053 70 μg (r = 0.999 9), respectively for naringin, hesperidin and atractylodin. The average recovery rate of pterodontic acid was 103.51%, 96.82% and 97.65%. And RSD was 1.37%, 1.41%, 1.49% (n = 6). It was concluded that the method had good specificity and repeatability. It was considered as a good tool for the content determination of naringin, hesperidin and atractylodin in YP Powder extract.

Background and purpose:Neuroendocrine neoplasm is one kind of infrequent neoplasms from neuroendocrine cell and peptidergic neurons. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and clinicopathological characteristics of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) in Dalian. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all neuroendocrine neoplasms patients in First Afifliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from 2000 to 2013. The epidemiology characteristics, pathogenic sites and pathological types were reviewed, and the differences between gender and age were also analyzed. The statistics analysis such as independent-samples t test and one-way ANOVA and chi-square test were performed. Results:There were 279 NEN cases, including 166 male and 113 female patients (male:female=1.14:1), detection rate was 0.258%. The mean age of all cases was 59.4±17.1 (20-83), for male 58.9±19.4 (20-81) and female 61.7±15.0 (29-83). There was no statistical signiifcance of detection rate and mean age between male and female patients. Digestive system was the most common occurred site of NEN (71.68%), then was the respiratory system (20.79%). There was no statistical significance of pathogenic sites between male and female.In all case, 132 with neuroendocrine tumor (47.31%), 140 with neuroendocrine cancer (50.18%), 7 with mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (2.51%). There was no statistical signiifcance of pathological types between male and female (P>0.05).Conclusion:Recently, the detection rate of neuroendocrine neoplasms was raised in Dalian, but there was no signiifcance differences in detection rate,pathogenic sites and pathological types between male and female.

Antimony ; blood ; Humans ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; etiology ; Juxtaglomerular Apparatus ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Kidney Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Nephrectomy ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Health Policy ; Humans ; Italy ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Safety Management

Finland ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Safety Management

Cardiomyopathies ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Child ; Humans

Objective Toinvestigatethevalueofimagingdiagnosisofthe lymphangioleiomyomatosis( LAM ).MethodsFifteen patients with LAM confirmed by pathological assessment were analyzed retrospectively for radiologic findings.They had chest radiograph, chest highresolution CT (HRCT),abdominal CT, direct lymphangiography(DLG), chest CT and abdominal CT after DLG.Results Chest radiograph findings included normal (1),increasing of lung markings (3),disseminated honeycomb or reticular pattern ( 11 ), pneumothorax ( 2 ), and pleural effusion ( 14 ). Chest conventional CT and HRCT showed typical imaging manifestation of PLAM in all cases, including sporadic or disseminated cysts in bilateral lungs. According to the grading standard of pulmonary disease made by Avila et at, there were 3 cases in grade Ⅰ , 5 cases in grade Ⅱ and 7 cases in grade Ⅲ . Fourteen of 15 patients with LAM had positive abdominal CT findings in retroperitoneum and pelvic cavity. Common abdominal CT findings included cystic lymphangioma in 9 of 14 patients, lymphangiomyoma in 13 and both coexisting in 7.One of the14patients alsohadhepaticlipomaandangiomyolipomas.Onepatienthadrenal angiomyolipomas; and one patient had hysteromyoma. All 15 cases underwent DLG, 1 cases had lymphatic obstruction in the lumbar 3 level, the remaining 14 cases had varying degrees of thoracic duct stenosis, or obstruction. Neck trunk, subclavian trunk and bronchial trunk showed lymphatic reflux. On post-DLG CT,thoracic duet outlet obstruction was not demonstrated in 3 cases, the remaining 12 cases showed thoracic outlet obstruction, consistent with the DLG findings.Conclusion HRCT is a useful diagnostic method showing characteristic findings of PLAM. MSCT can help to detect abdominal LAM. DLG and MSCT after DLG have value in displaying obstruction site of thoracic duct or lymphatic trunks and provide guidance for operative treatment.