Objective To investigate the risk factors of upper gastrointestinal injury induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Methods A total of 1032 patients which used NSAIDs was selected.Patients were divided into two groups based on the condition of dyspepsia,peptic ulcer or upper gastrointestinal bleeding:the adverse drug reaction group (331 cases) and the control group (701 cases).Data of two groups on clinical presentation,laboratory test,medication and treatment were analyzed.Risk factors for the adverse drug reaction were identified by multivariable Logistic regression.Results The two groups had significant difference in age ＞ 65 years old,Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection,ulcer history,drug overdose,combination with glucocorticoid,addicted to tobacco and alcohol history,non-specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase(COX)-2,combination with anticoagulant,concomitant chronic cardiopulmonary disease (P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis by backward elimination method revealed that following variables retained,such as combination with glucocorticoid (OR =3.104,95％ CI 1.936-4.695),Hp infection (OR =2.768,95％ CI 2.047-3.742),drug overdose (OR =2.411,95％ CI 1.683-3.453),ulcer history (OR =1.781,95％ CI 1.278-2.480),age ＞ 65 years old (OR =1.659,95％ CI 1.237-2.225),non-specific inhibitor of COX-2 (OR =1.470,95％ CI 1.103-2.133),addicted to tobacco and alcohol history (OR =1.459,95％ CI 1.032-2.064),concomitant chronic cardiopulmonary disease (OR =1.357,95％ CI 1.008-2.143),P＜0.05.Conclusion Combination with glucocorticoid,Hp infection,drug overdose,ulcer history,age ＞ 65 years old,non-specific inhibitor of COX-2,addicted to tobacco and alcohol history,concomitant chronic cardiopulmonary disease are risk factors of upper gastrointestinal injury induced bv NSAIDs.

LI Dong-yuan discussed the pathogenesis and treatment of "atrophic debility of bones" in his writings. This article explained and summarized the pathogenesis of atrophic debility of bones in LI's works. LI held that the pathogenesis of atrophic debility of bones is divided into damp-heat, overabundant yin leading to yang hyperactivity, and overabundant yin leading to insufficient yang. Combined with clinical observation, this article considered that the LI's atrophic debility of bones is similar to renal osteopathy in terms of disease name, clinical manifestation and pathogenesis. Therefore it put forward to the treatment of renal osteodystrophy from LI's theory. The methods of treatment were invigorating splenic yang and dehumidify, moistening dryness and tonifying kidney, replenishing qi, purging yin fire, raising yang and lifting prolapsed zang-fu organs, and expeling wind and removing dampness.

This article tried to discuss that spleen deficiency is the key mechanism of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis from TCM and Western medicine viewpoint. From the view of pathophysiology, energy metabolic disorder caused by mitochondrial injury and its series of damages are similar to symptoms caused by spleen deficiency appeared as yin fire and organs dystrophy, so mitochondrial injure belongs to spleen deficiency. And mitochondrial damage can further aggravate the virus replication of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis, causing damage to the kidney. Therefore, from the view of Western medicine, it can be known that spleen deficiency determines whether the liver function damage in the process of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis and lower energizer transformation. In terms of TCM, spleen deficiency plays an important role in all stages of the disease, and determines the outcome and prognosis of the disease. Therefore, this article proposed that the spleen deficiency is the mechanism of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis, which can provide references for clinic.

Objective To explore a new modified stable genioplasty with modified MortiseTenon joints technique and to analyze the surgicaI results in clinic as well as to discuss the advantages in theory.Methods Eleven patients were performed by the genioplasty with Mortise-Tenon joints technique intraoral approach from June 2012 to March 2014,who were suffered from retrusion of chin with different degree accompanying with long chin.The two segments of the chin by osteotomy were made into the Mortise-Tenon joints and fixed by titanium plates.The results were evaluated by clinical appearances and image analyses.Results All 11 patients were satisfied with the procedure and the contour of the chin.The surgical effects were stable without any complications.The advancement in average Mortise-Tenon joints technique was 7.38 mm.Conclusions Much better in stablility and less relapse are achieved by using modified Mortise-Tenon joints technique;furthermore,the genioglossal muscle and geniohyoid muscle are reserved as much as possible,and therefore the normal function of them could be maintained.This method is a good alternative technique for chin retrusion coexisted withlong chin.

Objective To investigate and evaluate the clinical effect of the application of medical adhesive in limited septoplasty by endoscope.Methods 57 patients were selected to undergo operation of limited septoplasty by endoscope.The patients were divided into packing group and bonding group.The packing group had 29 patients,whose nasal cavity was packed with vaseline gauze.While the bonding group had 28 patients,their nasal septum mucosa was adhesive fixed by medical adhesive,and the nasal cavity without packing.The indexes included the cardinal symptoms(nasal pain and headach,sleep status),signs (seepage amount of bleeding,mucosal edema),degree of discomfort in nasal cavity processing after operation(pain and bleeding) and length of stay were compared between the two groups.Results The above indexes in the bonding group were apparently lightened than the packing group and the length of stay was shortened.The differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In operation of limited septoplasty by endoscope,the using of medical adhesive replacing nasalpacking could reduce the trauma on patients by operation and lighten the pain.The curative effect is satisfactory and it has excellent clinical application value.

The combination effect of high hydrostatic pressure and moderate heat on the inactivation kinetics of Bacillus coagulans spore in phosphate buffer and UHT(Ultra High Temperature)whole milk was investigated.The pressure come-up time and corresponding log-reduction of spore inactivation were considered during pressure-thermal treatment.Bacillus coagulans spore had a much higher resistance to pressure in UHT whole milk than in phosphate buffer.Survival data were modeled using the linear,Weibull and log-logistic models to obtain relevant kinetic parameters.The tailing phenomenon occurred in all survival curves,indicating the linear model was not adequate for describing these curves.The log-logistic model produced best fits to survival curves,following by Weibull model.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of establishing a canine model of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration through the application of cumulative axial load and a six-phase combined motion on the vertical sitting dog's lumbar spine.Methods:Twenty adult female grass dogs, each weighing 10.0±0.5 kg, were randomly divided into two groups, with 10 dogs in each group. In the model group, dogs were secured to an exercise machine in a vertical position, and six phases of lumbar spine movement (flexion and extension, left and right lateral flexion, left and right rotation, 45° each) were combined with a specific number of cycles under continuous axial load (245 N). In the control group, dogs were secured to the exercise machine in a vertical position without any intervention. Radiographic examinations were performed before and after 20,000, 50,000, 100,000, and 150,000 compound exercises in the model group. The disc height index (DHI) was measured through lateral X-ray, and MRI T2-mapping was used for quantitative analysis of intervertebral disc degeneration. When intervertebral disc degeneration was evident on MRI T2-weighted imaging (modified Pfirrmann system > Grade V), the combined motion was halted. Micro-CT quantitative analysis of bone mineral density (BMD) in the upper and lower endplates, trabecular bone structure, and histological staining (HE staining, "O" staining, Sirius red staining) were employed to verify and assess the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration.Results:After 50,000 compound exercises, mild degeneration of the intervertebral discs at L 6-7 and L 7S 1 was observed on T2-weighted imaging. With the accumulation of exercise load, the degree of degeneration progressively increased, reaching a moderate degree of degeneration after 100,000 composite exercises, and DHI began to decrease. Mild degeneration was also observed in the upper L 5-6 intervertebral disc. When the cumulative exercise volume reached 150,000 repetitions, the height of intervertebral spaces in the L 5-6, L 6-7, and L 7S 1 segments further decreased, and the intervertebral discs exhibited severe degeneration (improved Pfirrmann grading system Grades IV-VI). The upper L 4-5 intervertebral discs also displayed mild degeneration. Histological scores were as follows: L 5-6 (8.2±0.8), L 6-7 (9.5±0.7), and L 7S 1 (10.3±0.5), indicating a degree of degeneration in the order of L 5-6

Measurement of platelet-associated imunoglobulin (PAIg) has frequently been applied for the diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and other immune thrombocytopenias. In the present study, a flow cytometry (FCM) analysis has been used to detect and characterize PAIg in 47 patients with ITP and Evans' syndrome, 13 patients with non-immune thrombocytopenia, 10 patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) whose platelet counts were in normal range, and 31 healthy volunteers. With FCM measurement, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of platelets from patients with ITP and Evans' syndrome (2.26 +/- 2.29) was significantly higher than those from non-immune thrombocytopenia (0.33 +/- 0.39), AIHA (0.17 +/- 0.07) and control subjects (0.25 +/- 0.15) (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of positive platelets of patients with ITP and Evans' syndrome [(44.1 +/- 29.0)%] was also higher than those of non-immune thrombocytopenia [(17.5 +/- 9.4)%], AIHA [(10.7 +/- 7.5)%] and control subjects [(16.6 +/- 8.4)%] (P < 0.01). In addition, some peak shape abnormality appeared (double peaks and peak tail) in the histogram of fluorescence intensity (log) of 11 patients (23.4%) with ITP and Evans' syndrome either alone or accompanied with quantitative alteration of MFI and/or positive platelet percentage. In seven cases, the peak shape abnormality was the unique characteristic that could be detected and have never been seen in normal platelets. This phenotypic alteration perhaps reflects the existence of different platelet populations and could be of diagnostic value. Totally, the positive result of FCM measurement in patients with ITP and Evans' syndrome was 87.2%, slightly higher than 83.0% positive rate with ELISA method, without statistical difference. The correspondent rate of the results of these two analytical settings was 85.1%. This study shows that FCM assay is a rapid and sensitive method for the measurement of PAIg and seems to be suitable as a novel routine diagnostic technique of immune thrombocytopenia.

Objective To establish the chronic low flow myocardial hibernation animal model in pigs, and to assess the diagnostic value for myocardial hibernation by using various imaging methods. Methods A total of 13 miniswine (30-40 kg) were used. All animals underwent general anesthesia and orotracheal intubation while the animals were mechanically ventilated. Under sterile conditions, left ventriculography and coronary angiography were performed by introduction of catheter into the right femoral artery. Further, a left anterolateral thoracotomy was performed in the third intercostal space. The proximal LCX was dissected free to allow placement of an ameroid constrictor. More than 1 month later, left ventriculography and coronary angiography were performed again, followed by cine MRI at rest and during stress with low dose of dobutamine (5 ?g?kg -1 ?min -1 ), respectively. Traditional and/or breath hold cine MRI were used to evaluate regional left ventricular wall motion, corresponding to basal, midventricular and apical short axis tomograms. Regional wall motion score index (WMSI) was calculated. At the same time 99m Tc MIBI myocardial SPECT was performed at rest and during nitroglycerin administration, respectively. All animals were finally sacrificed for pathological examination. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to assess the myocardial infarction. Electron microscopy was used to identify myocardial cellular changes characteristic of hibernating myocardium. Results Three pigs died during surgery or within two weeks after surgery. One pig died of anesthesia during SPECT examination, 1 pig suffered from aneurysm, and another one pig showed negative findings. The other 7 pigs were found with hypokinetic ( n =4) or akinetic ( n =3) myocardial regions related to stenosed LCX (70%-99%). Resting cine MRI demonstrated decreased regional motion of the lateral and posteroinferior walls (ischemic regions) of the left ventricle ( n =7), compared with the nonischemic anteroseptal regions; but the low dose dobutamine (5 ?g?kg -1 ?min -1 ) could recover those hypokinetic or akinetic myocardial regions, characteristic of hibernating myocardium. Resting 99m Tc MIBI myocardial SPECT ( n =6) showed a fixed perfusion defect on the corresponding ischemic areas, which became reversible on the nitrate augmented myocardial perfusion imaging. It also indicated myocardial viability presented at the ischemic areas. TTC staining revealed patchy infarction of the area at risk localized to the endocardial surface ( n =3), and no myocardial infarction ( n =4). Electron microscopy of sections from the hibernating regions revealed loss of contractile materials, increased numbers of small mitochondria, and glycogen accumulation within viable cardiomyocytes, which had been described as hallmarks of hibernating myocardium. Conclusion Chronic low flow myocardial hibernation can be reproduced in an animal model during progressive coronary stenosis caused by ameroid constrictor.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the periodontal conditions after the wedge-shaped defect was restored by gingival retraction technique.

METHODSA total of 138 mandibular premolars with wedge-shaped defect were selected and divided into A, B groups. Group A was restored with Dyract after using retraction cord. Group B was directly restored with Dyract. Clinical parameters including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), volumes of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and levels of aspartate aminotransferases (AST) of gingival crevicular fluid were measured at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation.

RESULTSThere was no difference in PLI, GI, SBI, PD between group A and B during 6 months after operation, while the difference of GCF and AST was significant between group A and B at 3 months and 6 months after operation (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSGingival retraction technique applied in wedge-shaped defect restoration can reduce the damage to the periodontal tissue.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; analysis ; Dental Plaque Index ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; methods ; Female ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; enzymology ; Humans ; Male ; Periodontal Index ; Young Adult