Objective To observe the effect of transfer factor on immunity in patients with varruca plana and the clinical effect of treatment. Methods Sixty patients with varruca plana were randomly divided into a treatment group (treated with transfer factor) and a control group (treated with routine therapy). Before and after the treatment, T-lymphocyte subgroups in peripheral blood of all the patients were determined by flow cytometry and serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10)and in-terferon-gamma (INF-γ)were detected by ELISA. The same detections were done to the twenty healthy volunteers as healthy controls. Results Effective rates in the treatment group and control group were 76.67 % and 43. 33 %, respectively (x2=5. 63,P<0.05). Decrease of CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and increase of CD8+ cells were found in varruca plana group as com-pared with the healthy controls(P<0.01 ). After the treatment of transfer factor, increase of CD3+ cells ,CD4+ cells (P<0.05), CD4+/CD8+ ratio (P<0. 01)and decrease of CD8+ cells(P<0.01)were found in the treatment group as compared with those before treatment, while there were no significant difference in the control group before and after the treatment. Higher IL-10 and lower INF-γ in serum were found in varruca plana group as compared with the healthy controls (P<0.05). After the treat-ment of transfer factor, decrease of IL-10 and increase INF-γ in serum (P<0. 05)were found in the treatment group as compared with those before treatment, while there were no significant difference in control group before and after the treatment. Conclusion The results reveal that immunity is im-paired in patients with varruca plana. Transfer factor can enhance the immunity of the patients. Therefore, varruca plana patients treated with transfer factor receive better effects.

Objective To explore the difference of the level of Th1/Th2 balance and change of CD4+ CD45R cell after treated by laparoseopy-assisted rectal cancer surgery and conventional open rectal cancer surgery, so to compare the effect of the two procedures on immunity function of the patients. Methods CD4+ IFN-γ+ T cell (Thl cell), CD4+ IL-4 + T cell( Th2 cell)and the ratio of Th1/Th2 were detected by flow cytometery ; The levels of IFN-γand IL-4 were measured by ELISA. The changes of CD4 + CD45RA+ T cell and CD4+ CD45RO+ T cell were detected in the different procedures so that the effect of the two procedures on eytoimmunity and immune balance were analyzed. Results Compared with baseline levels, the level of Th1 cells was decreased [ (4.51±1.52 ) %, (7.26 ±2.59) % vs. ( 12.06 ±1.82 ) % ] (P < 0.05 ) ; The level of Th2 cells was increased [ (6.70 ± 2.41 ) %, (6.70 ± 2.41 ) % vs. (4.47 ± 1.90) % ] ( P < 0.05 ) ; The level of IFN-γ was decreased [ (57.15± 23.64) ng/L, (72.70 ± 27. 31 ) ng/L vs. ( 123.47 ± 32. 52) ng/L ] ( P < 0. 01 ) ; The level of IL-4 was increased [(55.55±7.29)ng/L,(57.56 ±7.13)ng/L vs. [(41.87±5.83)ng/L] (P<0.05) on 2nd and 7th day after conventional open reeatal cancer surgery; The level of Thl, Th2, IFN-γ and IL-4 in the laparoscopy-assisted rectal cancer surgery was not different ( P > 0.05 ). At 7 day postoperatively, the level of the CD4+ CD45 RA+ T cells was in-creased (35.11 ±7.82) and the CD4+ CD45RO+T cells was decreased(61.21±9.13) compared with surgery be-fore(31.11±6.72) and (68.11 ±11.42) respectively (P< 0.05). Conclusions The laparoscopy-assisted rec-tal cancer surgery has less influence on immune balance, thus protect systemic cell immunity.

Objective To explore the relationship between the osteonecrotic volume (lesion size), angle and the index of necrotic extent on the femoral head. Methods Fifty-one hips in 39 patients with non-traumatic avascular osteonecrosis on the femoral head were divided into 12 equal segments from the head to the neck junction (a turning point of the spherical curve of the head) with whole hip displacement, each with 30 degrees on a coronal plane of weight-bearing surface. The osteonecrotic angle of the arc of each necrotic segment from the center of the femoral head was measured at the point of one- to 12-o'clock on imaging of two dimensional reconstruction of computerized tomography (CT) scans and anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Necrotic volume on each segment of the femoral head was calculated with fluid displacement method. The index of osteonecrotic extent on the femoral head was calculated using direct anatomical measurements. Results Osteoneerotic volume on the femoral head at the point of 12- to one-o'clock on coronal plane was (74. 5 ± 7.4)% of the sphere equivalent of the whole femoral head, which was positively correlated to its necrotic angle [ (41.9±8. 3) degrees] at the point of one-o'clock on the plane, with a coefficient of correlation of 0. 843, and that at the point of one- to two-o'clock on the plane was (73.7 ±0. 4) %, which was positively correlated to its necrotic angle [ (41.9 ± 1.8) degrees] at the point of two-o'clock, with a coefficient of correlation of 0. 543. Osteonecrotic volume on the point of 11- to 12-o'cleck was (83.6±8.6)%, and the necrotic angle at the point of 12-o'clock was (44. 9±3.9) degrees, which were positively correlated each other, with a coefficient of correlation of 0. 701 (P <0. 01 ). Osteonecrotic volume on the femoral head was positively correlated to its necrotic angle , modified index of necrotic extent, index of necrotic extent and Kerboul conjugated necrotic angle, with coefficients of correlation of 0. 798, 0. 701, 0. 377 and 0. 398 ( P < 0. 01 ), respectively, at the point of one o' clock. Conclusions Measurements of osteonecrotic volume was positively correlated to the index of necrotic extent and necrotic angle on the femoral head, respectively. Necrotic angle on the plane at 30-degree of the trochanter on the femoral head can well reflect its necrotic volume.

We evaluated the patient in the early,advanced or healing phase of the disease by MRI in the treatment of chronic brucellosis spondylitis and to guide the clinical treatment.MRI images of 40 patients with clinically diagnosed chronic brucellosis spondylitis were analyzed retrospectively.The imaging findings of early,advanced and healing patients were summarized.MRI showed abnormal signals in the vertebral body,intervertebral disc,paraspinaI and psoas muscle.It is early stage if the intervertebral space was normal,and advanced stage if combined with interverbral space stenosis.It demonstrated short T1 and short T2 signal or similar to the normal vertebral body,combined with intervertebral space stenosis,for the healing stage.According to the specific imaging manifestations of chronic brucellar spondylitis in the course of disease development,it is possible to evaluate the clinical stage of the disease and guide the rational selection of clinical treatment.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the F waves,H-reflex and nerve conductions and its diagnostic value in the patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome(GBS)onset within 4 weeks.Methods The electrophysiological data of the 40 patients with GBS were analyzed retrospectively.These patients were divided into 2 groups according to the duration of illness including in 2 week' s group and over 2 week' s group.The results of the F waves,H-reflex,the motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV),and the sensory nerve conduction velocity(SCV)of these patients were analyzed.Results The abnormality rate of the F waves was 17/20 and 7/18 respectively in less 2 week' s group and over 2 week' s.The H-reflexes were 13/20 and 12/19.The MCV was 28.4％(25/88)and 32.9％(26/79).The distal motor latency was 40.9％(36/88)and 36.7％(29/79).The compound muscle action potential amplitude was 35.2％(31/88)and 32.9％(26/79)respectively in these two groups.The abnormality rate of the SCV was 11.2％(10/89)and 25.2％(24/95)respectively in the two groups.The higher abnormality rate of these tests was the F waves and H-reflex in both the groups.The abnormality rates of the F waves(x2 =8.657,P =0.003)and SCV(x2 =6.002,P =0.014)were significantly different between the two groups.There were no significant differences in the other tests.Conclusion The electrophysiological tests are valuable in the diagnosis of GBS.The F waves and H-reflex are more significant for early diagnosis of GBS.

Totally 79 obese children and 64 children with normal body weight were included in the present study.Serum apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) and leptin levels were determined by ELISA and fasting insulin by RIA.The clinical data including height,body weight,waist circumference,blood pressure,blood lipid,blood glucose,etc,were collected.Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated.The results showed that compared with normal weight children,both serum leptin and insulin levels were significantly raised in obese children [19.15 (13.01 ～ 25.08) ng/ml vs 3.29 (1.45 ～ 6.02) ng/ml and 15.44 (12.05 ～ 20.26) μg/L vs 10.12 (8.60 ～ 12.60) μg/L,both P＜0.01],while ApoA5 level was significantly lowered [134.5 (105.9 ～ 172.7) ng/ml vs 2005.9(164.3 ～ 265.3) ng/ml,P＜0.01].Serum ApoA5 was negatively correlated with serum leptin and insulin (both P＜0.01).

Objective To analyze the features of the latency and interval in somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) of the upper limbs in subacute combined degeneration(SCD),and evaluate the SEP of the upper limbs in the diagnosis of SCD.Methods Thirty-four defined SCD patients and 22 healthy controls were included in this study.The patients underwent the SEP test and the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of spinal cord.The SEP results of the patients were compared with those of the controls.The results of the SEP,which were divided into the peripheral part and central part to be evaluated,were also compared with the related results of the SEP and MRI.Results Compared with the controls,the N9 ((10.80 ± 1.07) ms vs (10.23 ± 0.64) ms,t =3.223),P14 ((17.28 ± 2.56) ms vs (14.62 ± 0.84) ms,t =6.643),N9-P14 ((6.48±2.27) ms vs(4.40-0.58) ms,t =5.951) in the upper limbs and N9((12.11 ±0.83) ms vs (10.93±0.56) ms,t=5.690),P30((36.96±5.56) ms vs(30.37±2.20) ms,t=7.217),P38 ((46.94 ±5.83) ms vs(39.80 ±2.54) ms,t =7.353) in the lower limbs of SCD patients were prolonged (all P ＜0.01),however,the P14-N20 was prolonged without statistical significance.The abnormality of SEP was 80.9％ (110/136),in which the abnormality of the upper limbs was 85.3％ (58/68)while that of the lower limbs was 76.5％ (52/68).N9-P14 had the highest abnormality rate which was 72.1％ (49/68).The patients with SCD with normal N9 had prolonged N9-P14 ((5.98 ± 1.90) ms vs(4.40 ± 0.58) ms,t =5.267,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Subacute combined degeneration can involve not only the peripheral part of the somatosensory pathway but also the central part including the brainstem and brain.In the SEP of upper limbs,N9-P14 has the highest abnormality rate which suggests that the part from cervical spinal cord to the brainstem may be the most vulnerable in SCD.The test of SEP in the upper limbs may provide evidence for the damage in the central part in SCD.

Objective To investigate whether gut microbiome dysbiosis and translocation occurred in experimental uremia,and whether they consequently contribute to microinflammation.Methods Health male SD rats were randomly divided into uremic group and sham group.Uremic group were operated for 5/6 nephrectomy to establish uremic models,while sham group were only operated for nephrocapsulotomy.Postoperative blood,livers,spleens,and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were subjected to bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA amplification to determine if bacteria were present.Bacterial genomic DNA samples from the MLNs and colon were amplified with specific primers designed by the 16SrRNA sequence of the species obtained from blood,livers and spleens.Pyrosequencing was used to analyze the ileum and colonic microbio.me of each subject.Intestinal permeability to 99mTc-DTPA,plasma hs-CRP,and IL-6 were measured.Results Bacterial DNA in extraiutestinal sites and altered colonic microbiomes at the phylum,family,and genus levels were detected in some rats in the uremic group.Bacterial genomic DNA in MLNs and colon were obtained by primers specific for bacterial species observed from blood,livers,and spleens of identical individuals.Intestinal permeability,plasma hs-CRP,and IL-6 levels were statistically higher in the uremic group compared with that in sham group(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Gut microbiome dysbiosis occurs and presumably bacteria translocate to the systemic and lymph circulation,thereby contributing to microinflammation in experimental uremia.

Objective To clarify the protective effect of nrsodeoxycholic acid ( UDCA ) on endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic β-cell of streptozotocin ( STZ )-induced diabetic rats.Methods Rats( n =40) received a single injection STZ( 50 mg/kg) intra-peritoneally and formed a β-cell injury model.Weight-matched normal rats( the control group,n =10 ) were injected with the buffer alone.STZ-treated rats with persistent random blood glucose higher than 16.7 mmol/L for 1 week were considered as diabetic status( n=14 ),then divided randomly into STZ-induced diabetes mellitus ( DM ) group ( n =7 ) and UDCA-treated DM group ( n =7 ).UDCA (40 mg· kg- 1,d-1 ) was administered daily by intragastric intubations throughout the experimental period (30 d).During the entire experiment,blood glucose in all rats was assessed.By the end of the experiment,all rats were sacrificed with the pancreas removed and the blood sample collected immediately.Fasting insulin levels were assayed by radioimmunoassay.The morphological changes of pancreatic β-cells apoptosis were determined by TUNEL assay.RNA in pancreas was abstracted and microarray containing 89 pieces of apoptosis related genes was applied.The related gene expressions were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The concentration of blood glucose in diabetic rats was gradually decreased after UDCA treatment,but at the end of the experiment it was still higher than that in the normal control group.The treatment with UDCA raised the fasting insulin level in diabetic rats,but this concentration was significantly lower as compared to the control group.Based on TUNEL stained tissue sections,the percentage of β-cell apoptosis of UDCA-treated DM group was significantly lower than that of STZ-induced diabetic group(P＜0.05 ).Among 89 genes,42 genes up-regulated and 46 genes down-regulated in diabetic rats,some of which were ameliorated by UDCA treatment.The expressions of Caspase-3,Bax,Bip,and CHOP mRNA in pancreas of DM group were significantly up-regulated as compared with those in the control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; while the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was markedly down-regulated (P＜0.05 ).However,these parameters in the U DCA-treated animals showed a marked improvement.Conclusion Ursodeoxycholic acid seems to protect pancreatic β-cell from apoptosis in STZ-induced diabetes by attenuating the severity of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of transrudial cerebral angiography and to discuss the technique points, advantages, disadvantages, indication and contraindication. Methods Transradial cerebral angiography was performed in 52 patients who were not suitable for transfemoral access or could not suffer from being kept in bed for 24 hours after transfemoral angingraphy, related comphcations and success rate of puncture and selective angiography were recorded and compared with transfemoral group (n = 83 ). Chi-square test was used for statistics. Results The success rate of puncture and selective angiography and the comphcation rate of transradial and transfemoral groups were 96.2% (50/52),94.2% (49/52),9.6% (5/52) and 100% (83/83),95.2% (79/83),8.4% (7/83),respectively. There were no significant differences between two groups (X2 = 0.000, P>0.05). After angiography, 2 patients of transradial group developed a mild bruise at the puncture site, no hematoma,pseudoaneurysm and artery- venous fistula occurred. Conclusion Transradial selective cerebral angiography is technically feasible and safe with comfortable and minimal comphcations. It should be used as the choice of mutes for selective cerebral angiography.