Objective To study the clinical values of positron emission tomography(PET)in pre-term and term newborn infants through observing neonatal brain by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)PET.Methods The brain by 18F-FDG PET in 11 term and 7 pre-term newborn infants after administration of 0.1 mCi /kg 18F-FDG were observed.There were 11 males and 7 females,who were normal by brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.Results The brain 18F-FDG PET image in pre-term and term newborn infants was relatively high in thalamus,and relatively low in cerebral cortex,whereas the total brain was different with adults.Especially in the area of cerebral cortex,the uptake of glucose was relatively higher,and the structure of brain 18F-FDG image was more clear in term infants than that in pre-term infants.Conclusion Neonatal brain picture by 18F-FDG PET is a new tool for predicting the brain function,and its clinical values need further investigating.

Objective To explore the changes of positron emission tomography(PET)in newborn infants with HIE through 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)and it's significance.Methods Eleven healthy newborn infants and 8 newborn infants with HIE were selected.Among the healthy newborns,7 cases were male and 4 cases were female,and the mean birth-weight was(3 350?620)g,the gestational age was(37.9?1.3)weeks.Among the HIE neonates,5 cases were male and 3 cases were female,and the mean birth weight was(3 180?390)g,the gestational age was(37.1?2.4)weeks.There were no significant differences of sex and gestational age between the 2 groups.The examination time was form 3 to 21 d,and the mean age was(8.7?3.9)d.PET of the children in 2 groups were observed after 0.1 mCi/kg 18F-FDG injected 30 min.Results The brain 18F-FDG PET image in newborn infants was relatively high in thalamus,and relatively low in cerebral cortex,whereas the total brain was different with that of the adults,and that was not as clear as that of adults.Especially in the area of cerebral cortex,the uptake of glucose was relatively higher.The structure of brain 18F-FDG image was significantly changed in newborn infants with HIE,especially increased in the areas of peripheral ventricle and hypophloeodal cerebral white matter,and there was a remarkably bilateral asymmetry.Conclusions Neonatal brain picture by 18F-FDG PET is a new tool for predicting the brain function,and its clinical values need further investigating.

Objective:To investigate the role of transcription factor SP1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) on expression of ? Gal in SV-40-PED cells.Methods:Immortalized porcine aortic endothelial cells of the PED line were cultured and transfected with ?1,3galactosyltransferase(?1,3GT) specific decoy ODN.Cells transfected with mismatch ODN was used as negative controls.Twenty-six hours later the cells were collected.The expression of ? Gal was determined with fluorescence microscope and Western blot.The expression of ?1,3GT mRNA was examined by RT-PCR.Results:Fluorescence microscopy observed the decreased fluorescence of ? Gal after decoy ODN transfection.Western blot showed that the average absorbance of the PED cells transfected with decoy ODNs was(48.2?0.9).It is 52.6% of the mock group(P0.05).Conclusion:?1,3GT gene reduce actually occurs following transfection of decoy ODN.Porcine endothelial cells can be the targets of decoy ODN.

Objective· To compare the impacts on clinical efficiency and safety between 0.014 inch Synchro microwire and Transend microwire used during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large artery occlusion.Methods· Forty-six patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy with stent retrievers between October 2012 and January 2016 were included,who were classified into Synchro group (21cases) and Transend group (25 cases).The clinical outcome,procedure time,and safety were analyzed and compared between two groups.Results· The recanalization rates were similar between two groups (P=0.600),but time from puncture to vascular recanalization of Synchro group was much shorter than that of Transend goup (48.88 min vs 82.33 min,P=0.001).The rates of functional independence (modified Rankin scale score ≤ 2) were similar between two groups (P=1.000).There was no significant difference of the rates of post-procedure subarachnoid hemorrhage (PSAH) between two groups (P=1.000).However,there were two cases that had fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage with intracranial hematoma in Transend group,while there was only one case of mild subarachnoid hemorrhage who recovered well in Synchro group.Conclusion· Compared with Transend microwire,Synchro microwire can significantly shorten the procedure time of mechanical thrombectomy,and the risk of fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage is rather small.

Polyethylene glycol-polybenzyl-L-glutamate copolymer (PEG-PBLG) was synthesized and paclitaxel-loaded core-shell type nano-micelles with amphiphilic copolymer PEG-PBLG was prepared by the dialysis method. The drug loading content and entrapment efficiency were determined by HPLC. The average size and its distribution were determined by dynamic light scattering method. The paclitaxel release rate in vitro from micelles was measured by HPLC. The cell cytotoxicity in vitro was observed with MTT assay. The anti-tumor activity of paclitaxel-loaded micelles were evaluated in tumor-inhibiting test of nude mice using human liver cancer HepG-2. The results indicated that paclitaxel could be entrapped in PEG-PBLG copolymer micelles and its size was in the range of 80-265 nm which increased with an increase in molecular weight of PBLG in copolymer; in vitro the paclitaxel could be released sustainably from the micelles. In high concentration of paclitaxel (>20 microg x mL(-1)) the paclitaxel-loaded PEG-PBLG micelles displayed much less cell cytotoxicity than paclitaxel injections with Cremophor EL (P<0.05); the tumor inhibiting activity of paclitaxel-loaded PEG-PBLG micelles was similar to that of paclitaxel injections with Cremophor EL in the same paclitaxel concentration. It was concluded that the paclitaxel-loaded PEG-PBLG micelles had more uniform size and size distribution, excellent drug sustainable-release behavior, less cytotoxicity, good anti-tumor activity similar to paclitaxel injections with Cremophor EL. So paclitaxel-loaded PEG-PBLG micelles would be a novel paclitaxel preparation in clinic for the treatment of tumor.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Micelles ; Nanoparticles ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyglutamic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Polymers ; Random Allocation

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fatty Liver ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Hepatitis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Hepatitis, Alcoholic ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the significance of determining ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA by quantitative PCR combined with microarray (PCR-microarray) in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).

METHODSAscitic bacterial 16SrRNA was determined by real time fluorescent quantitative PCR-microarray in 76 cases of suspected SBP and 6 cases of non-infectious ascites with chronic liver diseases. The results were compared with ascitic bacterial culture simultaneously.

RESULTSOf 76 ascitic samples, 17 were detected bacteria positive by PCR-microarray, including 8 Grams positive(G+) and 9 Grams negative(G-), which was higher than that by bacterial culture which had only 6 ascitic samples detected positive (all G-); the positive rates were 22.4% vs 7.9%, respectively (P < 0.01). The bacterial strains detected by both methods in 6 cases had a consistency with each other. No bacteria were detected in another 6 cases of non-infectious ascites with chronic liver diseases.

CONCLUSIONSDetermination of ascitic bacteria 16S rRNA by PCR-microarray has a higher specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of SBP as compared with the bacteria culture. Application of this novel method can not only accelerate SBP diagnosis but also stratify the different pathogens.

Adult ; Aged ; Ascitic Fluid ; microbiology ; Bacterial Infections ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Peritonitis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; RNA, Bacterial ; isolation & purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; isolation & purification

Objective To study the outcomes of AIDS intervention programs and to provide scientific evidence for developing pertinent strategy on intervention among men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods MSM were recruited through snowballing and investigated by face to face interview in 2006 and 2007 respectively.SPSS 12.0 was used to compare the change of cognition about AIDS,sexual behavior,prevalence rates of HIV and Syphilis before and after the intervention program among the population under study.Results The cognition about AIDS among MSM was obviously improved after the intervention with the rate increased from 74.3% to 82.4% (P=0.01).The rate of last time condom use among MSM increased from 56.4% to 65.5% (P=0.00).The rate of consistent condom use during six months among MSM increased from 31.8% to 41.9% (P=0.00).The rates of both condom use during commercial sex with men and with women did not change much among MSM.The prevalence rates of HIV in 2006 and 2007 were 10.4% and 10.8% and of syphilis in 2006 and 2007 were 9.3% and 7.3% respectively which were not significantly different between before and after the intervention.Conclusion The cognition about AIDS among MSM was improved obviously.However,the rate of consistent condom use was still low,reflecting the segregation phenomenon between their behavior and cognition.All our findings implied that it was crucial to carry out AIDS prevention and control programs.

OBJECTIVETo explore a simple and reliable method for intraperitoneal injection through a paravertebral approach in rabbits.

METHODSSixty New Zealand rabbits were randomized into conventional group and modified groups to receive intraperitoneal injections through conventional and paravertebral approaches, respectively. In the conventional group, the injection site was on the abdominal wall 3~4 cm lateral from the umbilicus bilaterally, while that in the modified group was located dorsally at L5/L6 level 3-4 cm lateral from the midline. Abdominal CT scan was performed in the post-injection rabbits, which were sacrificed after 24 h for abdominal dissection.

RESULTSSuccess with a single puncture was achieved in 13 out of the 20 rabbits in the conventional group, and the rest required at least two punctures, with a mean rank sum of 23.50. With the modified approach, a single attempt was successful in all the 40 rabbits, with a mean rank sum of 34.0, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). The success rates of a single injection differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.01). CT scan and abdominal dissection showed that the injection site with the modified approach was far away from the vital organs and large vessels with less peritoneal hyperemia and exudation.

CONCLUSIONParavertebral intraperitoneal paracentesis is a convenient and reliable method for intraperitoneal injection in rabbits.

Animals ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; methods ; Rabbits

Chitosan and its derivatives are extensively studied as non-viral gene delivery vectors nowadays. Polyethylene glycol-chitosan (mPEG-CS) copolymers were synthesized by oxidation of mPEG-OH and then combined mPEG-CHO with amino groups on chitosan chains. The in vitro cytotoxicity of copolymers was evaluated by MTT method. The results showed > 70% cell viability of HeLa and A549 cells after incubation with mPEG-CS copolymer from concentration 5 to 100 microg x mL(-1). The mPEG-CS copolymers with various degrees of PEG substitution were combined with DNA and the properties of mPEG-CS/DNA complexes were investigated such as nanoparticle size, zeta potential and agarose gel analysis. The best one among all these mPEG-CS copolymers was mPEG (3.55) -CS, for its capability to condense plasmid DNA was most efficient. For this reason, mPEG (3.55) -CS was picked out to mediate plasmid enhanced green fluorescence protein (pEGFP) and transfect HeLa and A549 cells. The expression of green fluorescence protein was observed by fluorescence microscope and the transfection efficiency was detected by flow cytometry. The gene expression mediated by mPEG-CS was resistant to serum, and the optimal transfection efficiency (8.1% for HeLa cells and 4.8% for A549 cells) of mPEG-CS/EGFP system was obtained under the condition of N/P 40 and 48 h transfection time. These results indicate that mPEG-CS copolymer is an efficient non-viral gene vector.
Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Drug Carriers ; Genetic Vectors ; chemistry ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Plasmids ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Polymers ; Transfection