OBJECTIVE: To study the endosomatic pharmacokinetics and bioequiavailability of kushenin tablets in health adults. METHODS: The blood concentrations of the blood samples taken from 22 healthy volunteers were determined by HPLC-MS after a single oral 0.3g kushenin (either tablet or capsule) dose and pretreatment with the internal standard (cimetidine) with m/z 265 (kushenin) taken as the detection ions and m/z 253 as the internal standard. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the tablet and capsule of kushenin were as follows: t1/2 stood at (2.30?1.09)h and (1.90?0.58) h, respectively; tmax stood at (1.86?0.74)h and (1.68?0.55) h, respectively; Cmax stood at (525.09?208.94)ng/ml and (530.32?202.04) ng/ml, respectively; AUC0～11 stood at(2 048.5?749.4)(ng?h)/ml and (2 042.0?743.0)(ng?h)/ml, respectively;AUC0～∞ stood at(2 163.2?783.1)(ng?h)/ml and (2 136.4?792.1)(ng?h)/ml, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the kushenin tablet stood at (101.06?9.41) %. CONCLUSION:The tablet and capsule of kushenin were bioequiva_lent.

Objective To understand the difference of serological characteristic between alloantibodies,'simple'Rhspecific autoantibodies and autoantibodies mimicking alloantibodies by studies of a patient who produces alloantibodies and autoantibodies that to distinguish Serologically them in order to more appropriate RBC component transfusion administration would be performed for patients.Methods Several serological methods were performed to the patient's serum samples for identification of antibodies by using two antibody screening cell reagents from different manufacturers.Using adsorption of the patient's Rh antibodies in the presence of LISS with the antibody was similar to that of the antigen negative cell from a donor who had a ccDEE Rh type and O type,and to detect antibodies in the absorbed serum and the eluting solution.Results The patient had a ccDEE Rh type with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT).Serum antibodies were identified as IgM anti-C,anti-e and IgG anti-e;the possibility of anti-Ce antibody is not excluded.After absorption,serum antibodies were identified as IgM anti-C,anti-e and IgG anti-e;anti-Ce antibody is not excluded.The antibody in patient's RBC elution was identified as IgG anti-e antibody.Conclusion Alloantibody and mimicking alloantibody can be distinguished by comprehensive analysis of patient's Rh phenotype,DAT result and antibody specificity in the serum and absorbed serum and elution of RBC.The low affinity antibody can be better absorbed by adding low ionic liquid (LISS).

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the bioequivalence of domestic secnidazole tablet,capsule and imported secnidazole tablet in healthy volunteers.METHODS:18healthy volunteers were randomly divided into3groups according to a triple-cross design,all the volunteers were given a single dose of1g secnidazole,the interval for washout period of3times adminis?tration was14days.The plasma drug concentration of secnidazole was determined by HPLC-UV.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters of homemade tablet and homemade capsule and imported tablet were as follow,t max were(2.00?1.93),(2.67?2.14)and(1.54?1.53)h respectively,t 1/2 were(28.56?4.98)、(29.69?6.81)and(27.16?5.06)h,C max were(25.50?2.74),(24.27?3.76)and(25.64?4.10)?g/ml respectively.AUC 0～t were(736.03?73.20),(704.78?88.51)and(737.77?76.02)(?g?h)/ml respcetively.AUC 0～∞ were(886.36?114.50),(864.57?172.27)and(870.64?100.21)(?g?h)/ml respectively.The relative bioavailability of homemade tablet was(100.02?6.73)%,and that of homemade capsule was(95.91?10.66)%.CONCLUSION:3preparations of secnidazole are bioequivalent.

OBJECTIVE: To set up a natural degeneration model of chondrocytes derived from endplate of intervertebral discs of rats in order to offer an appropriate carrier for the study on mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS: The method of enzyme digestion combined with natural subculture was used to set up the in vitro natural degeneration model of chondrocytes derived from the endplate of intervertebral disc of rats. The morphological appearances and microstructures of the chondrocytes of different generations were observed. The expression of collagen II in chondrocytes was detected by immunocytochemical method. RESULTS: The chondrocytes derived from the endplate of intervertebral disc expressed collagen II. After 13 days of culture, the chondrocytes of generation III showed that the ability of cell division descended, the nucleoli became unclear, the cells deformed obviously, fusiform shape with weak optical activity appeared, and the intercellular space was enlarged. There were vacuoles and lipid droplets in cytoplasm. The synthesis of collagen II, as well as the cell proliferation rate, descended notably. All results showed the natural degeneration process of the chondrocytes. CONCLUSION: The in vitro natural degeneration model of chondrocytes derived from endplate of intervertebral discs of rats was successfully established. This can offer the cytological basis for study on the mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration.

To investigate the gene expression changes in the degenerated cervical intervertebral discs of rats, and to study the function of Yiqi Huayu Bushen Recipe, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, and its discomposed formulas in regulating gene expressions in the degenerated cervical intervertebral discs.

OBJECTIVE: To make an animal model of cervical spondylosis (arthralgia syndrome type) with stimulation of wind, cold, and dampness. METHODS: Twenty-four 8 months old male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated into four groups: normal control group, light stimulation group, moderate stimulation group and severe stimulation group. The wind speed was 10.8-13.8 m/s, the temperature was (5+/-0.5)degrees centigrade, and the humidity was 100%. The rabbits of light, moderate, and severe stimulation groups were kept in the above-mentioned environments for 4 hours everyday, and for a total of 32, 64, and 128 hours, respectively. The intervertebral discs were stained with HE method, and observed with a light microscope. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), 6-ketone-prostaglandin F1alpha (6-K-PGF(1alpha)) and thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) contents were measured by ELISA. Fas and Bcl-2 expressions were examined by immunohistochemical avidin-biotin peroxidose complex technique. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) mRNA expressions were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The nucleus pulposus of rabbits in the light and moderate stimulation groups shrunken, and in the severe stimulation group, the anulus fibrosus loosed or ruptured, and the cartilage end-plate became proliferated. Compared with rabbits in the normal control group, the PGE(2) content rose in the light stimulation group, the contents of PGE(2), 6-K-PGF(1alpha), and TXB(2) increased, the expressions of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNAs and Fas were up-regulated, and the expressions of TGF-beta mRNA and Bcl-2 were down-regulated in the moderate and severe stimulation groups. The expression of Fas was up-regulated mostly and Bcl-2 was down-regulated mostly in the severe group. CONCLUSION: Moderate and severe stimulations of wind, cold and dampness can lead to degeneration of cervical intervertebral discs of rabbits. The model corresponds to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine about arthralgia syndrome caused by wind, cold and dampness.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Yiqi Huayu Recipe and its decomposed formulas-medicated sera on expressions of bcl-2, Bax and caspase-8 of apoptotic anulus fibrosus cells in rats. METHODS: Immunohistochemical and integral optical density analytic methods were used to observe the effects of Yiqi Huayu Recipe-, Yiqi Recipe-, Huayu Recipe-medicated sera and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the expressions of bcl-2, Bax and caspase-8 of apoptotic anulus fibrosus cells in rats induced by anti-Fas antibody. RESULTS: As compared with apoptosis group, bcl-2 expression was higher, Bax and caspase-8 expressions were lower in Yiqi Huayu-treated, Yiqi-treated, Huayu-treated and IGF-1 groups (P<0.01). As compared with Yiqi-treated group and Huayu-treated group, Bax expression was lower in Yiqi Huayu-treated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Yiqi Huayu Recipe and its decomposed formulas can delay degeneration of the cervical intervertebral disc, which may be due to its action in regulating the expressions of bcl-2, Bax and caspase-8.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Yiqi Huayu Recipe on the gene expression pattern in normal and apoptotic chondrocytes in the cervical intervertebral disc of rats. METHODS: The intervertebral disc endplates of rats were digested enzymatically. The apoptosis of the chondrocytes was induced by anti-Fas antibody. BiostarR-40s microarray chips were used to investigate the gene expression pattern in chondrocytes in the normal control, apoptosis and Yiqi Huayu Recipe groups. The results were scanned with Scan Array 4000 and analyzed with GenePix Pro 3.0, and then subjected to standardization and ratio analysis. RESULTS: In the apoptosis group, 30 kinds of genes expressed in cervical intervertebral disc chondrocytes were screened out, in which 10 were up-regulated (ratio>2) and 20 down-regulated (ratio<0.5) as compared with the normal control group. On the other hand, in the Yiqi Huayu Recipe group, 97 kinds of genes expressed in cervical intervertebral disc chondrocytes were screened out, in which 44 were up-regulated (ratio>2) and 53 down-regulated (ratio<0.5) as compared with the apoptosis group. CONCLUSION: There are some signal transduction pathways that control the apoptosis of the intervertebral disc chondrocytes. Yiqi Huayu Recipe regulates the gene express of the apoptotic chondrocytes in intervertebral disc. The study gives a further understanding to the mechanism of the cervical spondylosis and enriches the theories of qi and blood of traditional Chinese medicine.

To investigate the effects of serum containing Yiqi Huayu Bushen Recipe, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on expressions of aggrecan and type X collagen mRNAs of the degenerated intervertebral disc cells in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Objective To discuss the value of different staging systems for gallbladder cancer.Methods The clinical data of 132 patients with gallbladder cancer who had been admitted to Xinhua Hospital from October 1992 to December 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical stage and postoperative survival of patients in each stage were analyzed by Nevin staging system,staging systems of AJCC 5th and 6th edition.The survivals of patients were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and the comparison between groups was analyzed by Log-rank test.Results According to the Nevin staging system,the accumulative survivals of patients with stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ or Ⅴ were 80.3%,75.6%,43.2%,16.2% and 6.5%,respectively.The accumulative survivals of patients with stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ or Ⅲ were significantly higherthan those with stages Ⅳ or Ⅴ(χ~2=7.239,6.152,3.992,12.354,13.171,15.084,P＜0.05).According to the AJCC 5th edition staging system,the accumulative survivals of patients with stagesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ or Ⅳ were 71.4%,40.9%,10.2% and 5.8%,respectively.The accumulative survivals of patients with stages Ⅰ or Ⅱ were significantly higher than those with stages Ⅲ or Ⅳ (χ~2=18.286,23.729,5.541,13.607,P＜0.05),and the survivals of patients with stage Ⅲ were significantly higher than those with stage Ⅳ (χ~2=7.758,P＜0.05).According to the AJCC 6th edition staging system,the accumulative survivals of patients with stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ or Ⅳ were 51.1%,11.7%,8.2% and 6.5%,respectively.Patients with stages Ⅰ or Ⅱ had a comparatively low survival,while the survivals of patients with stage Ⅰ were significantly higher than those with stages Ⅱ,Ⅲ or Ⅳ(χ~2=15.300,21.956,31.397,P＜0.05).Patients with stage Ⅱ had a higher survival than those with stage Ⅳ(χ~2=8.789,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in survival between patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ,and between patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ.Conclusions The AJCC 5th edition staging system is still the perfect staging system of gallbladder cancer.The Nevin staging system is not integrating enough,while AJCC 6th edition staging system is too strict.