Feeding Methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mastication ; Syphilis ; etiology

OBJECTIVE To realize the status and the impact factors of nosocomial infection among Jizheng patients.METHODS To investigate 562 former inpatients suffered from Jizheng in hospital from Jan 2004 to Dec 2005.RESULTS The incidence rates of nosocomial infection that calculated by the patients and the cases were 14.59% and 16.55%,respectively.Infection mostly occurred on the 22nd day in hospital on average.The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract(48.78%),urinary tract(15.85%),and alimentary tract(12.20%).The most risk factor was aging.CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of nosocomial infection is due to various factors.We should take measures respectively aiming at different factors to reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

Objective To investigate the effect of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway on the development of insulin resistance induced by high fat diet.Methods Normal male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:control(fed with normal chow),high fat(fed with high fat diet for 13 weeks),and rosiglitazone (intragastric administration with rosiglitazone for 5 weeks)groups.After 13 weeks,all the rats were sacrificed,serum and muscle triglycerides(TG),serum total cholesterol(TC),and serum and muscle free fatty acids(FFA) were measured.Insulin sensitivity wss evaluated by insulin sensitivity index(ISI)and glucose infused rat(GIR) with the hyperinsulinemic englycemic clamp technique.The flux of HBP in skeletal muscle was detected with the expression level of glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase(GFAT)mRNA(RT-PCR),the content of UDPGlcNAc(HPLC)and the level of O-GlcNAc glycosylation in skeletal muscle proteins(Western blot). Results Compared with control group,senlm TG,TC,FFA and muscle TG,FFA levels of high fat group increased(aII P<0.01).both ISI and GIR decreased(both P<0.01),and the leveIs of GFAT mRNA(0.51±0.05 vs 0.18±0.02),UDP-GlcNAc[(6.18±0.86 vs 2.42±0.36)nmol/g],and O-GIcNAc glycosylation of skeletal muscle proteins in high fat group were raised(all P<0.01).In rosiglitazone group,serum and muscle TG.FFA welc deceased(all P<0.01).insulin sensitivity was increased(P<0.05)and the flux of HBP[GFAT mRNA 0.27±0.03,UDP-GIcNAc(2.62±0.32)nmol/g]was reduced(all P<0.05)as compared with high fat group. Conclusions High fat diet-induced insulin resistance in rats is correlated with the increased flux of HBP in skeletaI muscle.which is decreased by rosiglitazone.

Objective To study the disease trend of Keshan in Hubei Province and provide a basis for scientifically making control and prevention strategy.Methods According to Chinese Surveillance Plan of Keshan Disease,physical examination and electrocardiogram were done for surveillance subjects and suspected patients were filmed chest X-ray in Keshan disease areas.Results Totally 4 822 people were monitored from 2007-2014.The numbers of females (2 589,53.69％) were more than those of the males (2 233,46.31％).The group of people under the age of 15 accounted for 52.47％ (2 530/4 822) which was higher than that of the group over the age of 55 (19.14％,923/4 822).The rate of electrocardiographic abnormality was the highest in 2011 (61.33％,268/ 437) and the lowest in 2014 (5.61％,23/410).In the eight years,only potential type of Keshan disease patients were detected,and the incidences from 2007 to 2014 were all lower than 3％ and had a decreasing trend yearly.No Keshan patient was detected in 2012-2014.Ninety-one suspected cases were taken chest X-ray.Most of the suspected cases (63.74％,58/91) had normal cardiothoracic ratio.The cardiothoracic ratio increased,excepting one,other 32 were all potential type Keshan disease patients.Conclusions The disease trend of Keshan disease in Hubei Province is weak.Nevertheless,surveillance and health education are indispensable,in case the disease relapses.

Objective To explore the preventive and therapeutic role of silencing type Ⅰ rat platelet-binding protein motifs depolymerization protein-like metalloproteinase 2(ADAMTS2)by siRNA on experimental liver fibrosis in vitro.By studying the mechanism of siRNA silencing of ADAMTS2,we also aim to evaluate the feasibility of ADAMTS2 as a target for anti-liver fibrosis therapy.Methods Three pairs of siRNAs targeting ADAMTS2 mRNA 2237,2597 and 690 targets were designed and synthesized by utilizing RNA design software.The most effective siRNA was chosen to transfect HSC-T6 cell line to test the tendency of hepatic stellate cell(HSC)activation and ex pression of ADAMTS2,COL1α1,COL(I),α-SMA,TGF-β1,MMP-2 and TIMP-3.These were quantified using real time-PCR,Western blotting,and MTT assays.Results Of the same dosage and time of injection,siRNA 2237 inhibited ADAMTS2 gene expression significantly more than other siRNAs.siRNA-ADAMTS2 2237 markedly inhibited ADAMTS2 gene and protein expression of HSCT6 with more than 80％ efficiency.Conversely,siRNA-ADAMTS2 2237 markedly reduced the gene and protein expressions of COL(I),α-SMA and TGF-β1 on HSC-T6 and inhibited the proliferation of HSC.Conclusions siRNA-ADAMTS2 2237 could effectively knockdown the gene and protein expression of ADAMTS2 in HSC-T6 cell lines.Silencing ADAMTS2 by siRNA significantly inhibited the activation,proliferation of HSC and the gene and protein expressions of COL(I),α SMA,and TGF-β1,and it may have a potential anti-fibrotic effect.ADAMTS2 might be an efficient target for anti-fibrotic therapy.

Objective Through the analysis of cases,to improve the cognition of clinicians on extracranial vas-cular embolism diseases(VED)in children.Methods The clinical information included incidence trend,thrombophi-lia,clinical features,treatment and prognosis of 29 children with VED,who were admitted from January 201 1 to Decem-ber 201 5 in Nanjing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,and retrospectively analyzed.Results The annual rate of VED increased from 0 to 1 .49 per 1 0 000 hospital admissions from January 201 1 to December 201 5.In 29 cases,there were 20 male and 9 female,with an average age of 6.03 years old (2 h -1 3.83 years old).In-fants accounted for >20%(6 /29 cases).The average age of the female,non infected group,rheumatic disease group and venous thrombosis group was higher than that of the male,the infection group,the non rheumatic disease group and the arterial embolization group,but there was no significant difference(all P >0.05).Thrombophilia were as follows:in-fection disease,heart disease,kidney disease syndrome,rheumatoid disease,tumor,and twins embolization syndrome. Risk factors included central venous line,immobility,dehydration,glucocorticoids use,etc.Heart disease was the leading cause of non thrombotic embolism,while other thrombophilic diseases resulted in thrombotic embolism.Pulmonary em-bolism was mainly seen in patients with severe pneumonia,especially mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP ).The older the age,the more typical clinical manifestations,and significantly elevated D dimer,fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products tips VED.Treatment depends on the degree of risk.Thirty -seven point five percent(3 /8 cases)of children with arterial embolism were less than 1 year old,and the mortality 25.00% (2 /8 cases)was significantly higher than that of venous thrombosis 1 7.65%(3 /1 7 cases)and 1 1 .76% (2 /1 7 cases).Conclusion Heart disease mainly cause arterial embolism and infection,while nephritic syndrome and rheumatic disease mainly cause venous embolism.Pulmona-ry embolism is mainly seen in children with severe pneumonia,especially MPP.The risk of arterial embolization is higher than that of venous embolism.

Objectives:In the study, effect of Ala Gln on glutathione concentration and antioxidation were investigated in burned rats . Methods:Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,A:control group,B:TPN group,C:Ala Gln PN group.The nutrient solution was administered through central venous catheter for 7 days.Glutathione concentration and levels of xanthine oxidase(XOD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the serum were determined. Results:Compared with control group and TPN group,the levels of serum glutathione and SOD in group C were significantly increased( P

Objective To assess the impact of a single hemodialysis on the left ventricular systolic function of uremia patients with 3-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI).Methods Thirty-seven clinically stable outpatients with uremia undergoing hemodialysis were studied.The echocardiographic examinations were obtained in 30 minutes before and after homodialysis.Twenty nine normal subjects with age and sex matched were selected as control groups.Conventional ultrasound was recorded and then left ventricular mass index(LVMI) was calculated.The peak systolic mitral annular velocity S' was recorded by tissue Doppler imaging.3D-STI imaging were recorded from standard left ventricular apical 4-chamber views before and after a single hemodialysis.Left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV),left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),and left ventricular global longitudinal peak systolic strain (LVGLS),left ventricular global radial peak systolic strain (LVGRS),left ventricular global circumferential peak systolic strain (LVGCS),left ventricular global area peak systolic strain (LVGAS) were measured.The indicators of conventional ultrasound and 3D-STI were compared between the pre-hemodialysis group and the normal control group,and also between pre-and post-hemodialysis groups.Results ①Compared with the control group,the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD),interventrieular septal thickness at diastole (IVSD),left ventricular posterior wall thickness at diastole(LVWPD),left atrial diameter(LAD) in the group before a single hemodialysis were significantly higher (P ＜0.05 for all).Meanwhile,the S' was significantly lower (P ＞0.05) and LVMI was significantly higher in the pre-hemodialysis group than the control group(P ＜ 0.05).The LVDD,LAD,left atrial volume index(LAVI) were significantly lower in the post-hemodialysis group than that in the pre-hemodialysis group(P ＜0.05 for all).②Results of 3D-STI showed that the LVEF,LVGLS,LVGCS,LVGRS,LVGAS was significantly lower,however LVEDV,LVESV were higher in the pre-hemodialysis group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05 for all).After a single hemodialysis,LVEDV,LVESV,LVGLS were significantly lower than before(P ＜0.05 for all),but LVEF,LVGRS,LVGCS,LVGAS were not significantly changed (P ＞ 0.05 for all).Conclusions After a single hemodialysis,the whole systolic function of the left ventricular was not changed.but the left ventricular global longitudinal peak systolic strain was significantly lower.The parameter of LVGLS was sensitive to the change of preload and was volume-load dependent.The preload of the patients should be sufficiently considered when the LVGLS are measured in the patients with uremia undergoing hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in type 2 diabetes patients, by comparing the sexual function between type 2 diabetic women and non-diabetic women with Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).

METHODS115 type 2 diabetic women and 107 age-matched non-diabetes women were enrolled with similar backgrounds. Their sexual functions were evaluated with FSFI. Metabolic parameters such as body mass index, blood lipid profile, hemoglobin A1C, plasma glucose were also collected.

RESULTSTotal score of FSFI of the type 2 diabetic women were significantly lower than that of the non-diabetic controls (18.27±8.96 vs. 23.02±5.78, P=0.000). Scores of the FSFI domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, pain) of the type 2 diabetic group were also lower than those of the control group. According to the FSD criterion (FSFI<25) available in China, the percentage of FSD in the type 2 diabetic group was significantly higher than that of the control group (79.2%vs. 55.0%, P<0.001). These trends seemed more prominent in pre-menopause subgroups. The logistic regression analysis indicated that age and diabetes were independent risk factors of FSD. Body Mass Index (BMI) also had influence in the diabetes group.

CONCLUSIONFindings from this study showed that there are more FDS in Chinese type 2 diabetic women than in their non-diabetic counterparts, especially in pre-menopause participants.

Objective To identify the histological features as well as factors influencing the course of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus ( HBV)-infected patients with persistently normal alanine amino-transferase (ALT) levels (PNAL). Methods Ninety-eight HBeAg-negative chronic HBV-infected patients with PNAL who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy were recruited from October 2003 to March 2008. The ALT level, HBV markers, HBV DNA level and liver histological changes were detected. Comparison of means was done by t test and single factor analysis of variance. Nonparametric statistics was done by Marm-Whitey U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Analysis of independent risk factor was done using Logistic model. The dianostic value of ALT level to significant liver histological changes was evaluated by receiver performance curve. Results Twenty-two point four percent and 17.3% of subjects had the histological activity index (HAI)≥4and fibrosis (F) score≥3 respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that subjects with ALT＞0.50 × upper limit of normal (ULN) had a significantly higher rate of HAI≥4 and F score≥3 than those with ALT≤0.50×ULN (HAI≥4:36.4% vs 11.1%, χ2 =8.881, P=0.003;F score≥3:27.3% vs 9.3%, χ2 =5.487, P= 0.019, respectively), and older subjects (more than 45 years old) had a higher proportion of HAI ≥4 than the younger (33.3% vs 13.4%, χ2 =4.923, P=0.027). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that a decade increase in age was the independent predictor of HAI≥4 (OR=2.410, P=0.023).Receive operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that 87.0% and 90.7% of subjects with ALT＜0.50× ULN had histological changes of HAI＜4 and F score＜3 respectively. The proportions of HAI≥4 and F score≥3 in subjects with HBV DNA＜1×104 copy/mL were 14.9% and 12.8%, respectively. Conclusions Significant histological changes may be present in part of the subjects with persistently normal ALT and different HBV DNA levels, so that liver biopsy is very important, especially in those with age ＞45 years.Half time the ULN may serve as an appropriate cutoff value of normal ALT level for managing Chinese HBeAg-negative chronic HBV-int'ected patients.