Child ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Osteochondrodysplasias ; classification ; diagnosis ; genetics

Objective: To investigate hyperthermia enhanced expression of heat shock protein70 (HSP70) in breast cancer drug sensitive cell line MCF7 and multi-drug resistant (MDR) cell line MCF7/ADR, so as to increase cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells against the target cells, and to provide an experimental basis for cell immunotherapy based on hyperthermia. Methods: The immunological effector cells were induced and expanded by cytokines. Breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MCF7/ADR were treated at 42 ℃ for an hour. Then after being incubated for additional 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours, the cells were digested. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the expression of HSP70 on the target cells. MTT assay was employed to evaluate cell proliferation and the cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells against target cells. Results: The expressions of HSP70 in both the target cells had significant difference. The expression of HSP70 in MCF7/ADR cells was higher than in MCF7 cells before hyperthermia. After hyperthermia the expression of HSP70 increased by 6 folds in MCF7/ADR cells, and 22 folds in MCF7 cells and was higher than in MCF7/ADR cells at hour 4. The proliferation inhibition fraction of hyperthermia against MCF7 was significantly lower than that of MCF7/ADR. The cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells against MCF7 cells was lower than against MCF7/ADR cells before hyperthermia. After hyperthermia the cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells against MCF7 cells rose by 86.23%, and was higher than against MCF7/ADR cells (rose by 30.32%). Conclusion: The expression of HSP70 in breast cancer drug sensitive cell line MCF7 and MDR cell line MCF7/ADR were enhanced significantly by hyperthermia. Cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells against both the target cells were increased by hyperthermia. The differential expressions of HSP70 in breast cancer drug sensitive cell line MCF7 and MDR cell line MCF7/ADR affect the cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells.

Objective: To investigate the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) in periapical granuloma.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was conducted on prepared specimens of 15 cases of human periapical granuloma. Results:The expression of PDGF receptor ? was detected in fibroblasts,capillary endothelial cells,plasmacytes and macrophage cells in all the 15 cases of human periapical granuloma.Conclusion:These results suggested that these cells are the target cells of PDGF, and PDGF may play an important role in the lesion.

Objective To compare MR,CT,and radiography in the detection of arthropathies in patients with hemophilia.Methods Forty-one symptomic joint images in the 14 patients with hemophilia, aged from 11 to 24 years,were used in this study.Each joint had the examinations of radiography,CT and MR within one day.The severity of each joint was staged using conventional radiographic classification. Severe HA patients with stage 5 were excluded from the study.Imaging findings of soft tissue swelling, osteoporosis,epiphyseal overgrowth,joint erosion,cyst,joint space narrowing,bone marrow,joint effusion, hemorrhage,synovial hypertrophy,widened intercondylar notch as well as anterior and posterior crueiate ligaments(only for knee joint)were used for the all imaging comparison.Results The 41 symptomatic joints in 14 patients with hemophilia were classified by radiographic criteria into stage 0(n=5),stage 1(n=7),stage 2(n=6),stage 3(n=8)and stage 4(n=15).Soft tissue swelling or joint effusion was observed in 33 joints by radiographs,in 34 joints by both CT and MR.Joint erosions were demonstrated in 34 joints by MR,in 33 joints by CT and 20 joints by radiographs.Joint cysts were shown in 21 joints by MR,in 18 joints by CT and 9 joints by radiographs.Significant differences in detection of erosion and cyst were found between radiography with either CT(P0.05).MR showed improvement for detecting nlore loci of both erosion and cyst than CT and radiography,and also CT showed the improvement than radiography.Bone marrow edema 14 joints, hemon'hage in 34 joints and synovial hypertrophy in 27 joints were revealed on MR images.Conclusion MRI is superior to CT and conventional radiography in detecting the abnormal changes and should be considered as the first choice among the imaging modafities in evaluating hemophilic arthropathies.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide- enhanced(USPIO)-enhanced MR imaging for monitoring synovitis of antigen-induced arthritis in rabbit model and explore the optimal MR imaging sequences.Methods Nine female white rabbits with antigen(0.5 ml mBSA,2 mg/ml)induced arthritis of the right knees were used in the study.The left knees of these rabbits and both knees of another 3 rabbits served as the control.Nine to 28 days(mean 21.3 d)after successful model induction,all knees were imaged before and 24 h after intravenously injection of USPIO (0.3 ml/kg),among which 2 rabbits were also imaged at 48 and 72 h after administration of USPIO respectively.The MR protocol included spin-echo(SE) T_1WI,fast spin-echo(FSE)T_2WI,gradient echo (GRE)T_2~* WI and short tau inversion recovery(STIR).Images were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively based on signal characteristics and patterns of the synovium.Paired t-test was used for the analysis of the signal intensity of inflammatory synovial membrane before and 24 h after injection of USPIO. MR findings were correlated with histopathology.Results Arthritis was successfully induced in all 9 right knees with intraarticular injection of mBSA.Pathological examination revealed hyperplasia of synovium with infiltration of USPIO-loaded-macrophages.MR depicted synovial thickening(thickness 2.07?0.97 mm) and joint effusion.Synovium and joint fluid appeared as slightly hypo- or iso-intense on T_1 WI and hyper- intense on T_2 WI or T_2~* WI.Twenty four hours after USPIO injection,significant T_1 enhancement(ASNR 41.91%?27.94%),negative T_2 and T_2~* enhancement(△SNR -34.92%?11.77% and -57.24%? 16.05%)were demonstrated in the region of synovial inflammation respectively.The signal at 48 h and 72 h changed less than that at hour 24.No signs of arthritis occurred in all left knees and in all knees of the artificial model group.Conclusion Iron oxide phagocytized into macrophages can be a root cause resulted in signal change on USPIO-enhanced MR images.The gradient echo sequence should be the optimal sequence to be used in USPIO-enhanced MR imaging in antigen-induced arthritis.

A comparable study were carried out by determination of trace elements on five marine-derived shell traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) (Ostreae Concha, Haliotidis Concha, Margaritifera Concha, Meretricis Concha, and Arcae Concha), which were recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 version). Seven trace elements in 51 batches of this type of shell TCM were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), combined with principal component analysis (PCA) methods. The content of element Se, which exhibited significant differences among different drugs, could be used as a key element to distinguish this type of drugs. Meanwhile, the contents of elements Co, Cu, Mo, and Ba in Haliotidis Concha, Co and As in Margaritifera Concha, Mo and As in Meretricis Concha, Mo, As, and Ba in Arcae Concha, and Zn in Meretricis Concha were relatively stable. In the PCA plot, Arcae Concha and Meretricis Concha could be efficiently distinguished from Ostreae Concha together with Haliotidis Concha, and Margaritifera Concha. The results also showed a correlation with their medicinal function. In conclusion, trace elements in marine-derived shell TCM could not be neglected for their quality control.
Animal Shells ; chemistry ; Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; chemistry ; Bivalvia ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Trace Elements ; analysis

Objective To investigate the value of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) for diagnosis and treatment of biliary cast after liver transplantation. Methods Data of 11 patients with biliary cast after liver transplantation, who underwent PTCS from April 2008 to November 2010, were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 11 patients , one had biliary cast in common bile duct, 3 in right intra-hepatic bile duct, 4 in left intra-hepatic bile duct, and 3 distributed in intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts. A total of 68 times of PTCS were performed in 11 patients, achieving significant decrease in levels of serum transaminase and bilirubin in 10. Occasional fever occurred in 1 patient after closure of drainage tube,which was managed by replacement with a thinner one. There were no severe complications such as biliary fistula or uncontrollable bleeding. Partial rupture of fistula occurred in 1 case. All patients were followed up for 10-30 months and were all in good condition except one patient died from other disease during the followup. Conclusion PTCS is a safe, effective and applicable method to treat the biliary cast after liver transplantation.

Objective To study the role and clinical significance of chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the occurrence and development of renal cell carcinoma. Methods Expression of CXCR4 and VEGF were detected by SP immunohistochemical technique in 56 cases of kidney carcinoma tissues (including 20 cases of lymph node metastasis), 10 normal tissues nearby kidney cancer. Results The positive rates of CXCR4 and VEGF were 66. 1% (37/56) and 73. 2% (41/56),which were significantly higher than those in normal tissues( 20. 0% (2/10) and 30. 0% (3/10), respectively) (P ＜ 0. 05 ＝. The expression of CXCR4 protein was significantly positively correlated with that of VEGF protein (r = 0. 315 ,P ＜ 0.05 ＝ in renal cell carcinoma. The expression of CXCR4 and VEGF was closely related to stages of tumor ( χ2 = 9. 520, P = 0. 023; χ2 = 9. 072, P = 0. 027 ), lymphatic metastasis, degree of invasion ( χ2 =4. 972, P = 0. 026; χ2 = 3.910, P = 0. 034 ), and microvessel density ( MVD) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ＝. However, they were not related to sex ( χ2 = 0. 020, P= 0. 887; χ2 = 0. 001, P = 0. 716 ), tumor size ( χ2 = 0. 003, P = 0. 995; χ2 =0. 108, P = 0. 990) and pathologic types ( χ2 = 1. 960, P = 0. 900; χ2 = 0. 112, P = 0. 994). Conclusion There is a significant positive correlation between high expressions of CXCR4 and VEGF proteins in renal cell carcinoma,the high expressions of CXCR4 and VEGF proteins may be related to the metastasis and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma,thus they could be used as important indicators in judging the metastasis prognosis of renal cell carcinoma,and offer prospects for the treatment of renal cell carcinona.

Objective To investigate the value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in differential diagnosis of parotid gland disease and diagnosis of parotid adenolymphoma (PAL).Methods DKI and DWI data of 57 patients with parotid gland disease were etrospectively analyzed.Totally 57 cases were divided into infectious lesions group (n=10),pleomorphic adenoma group (n=19),PAL group (n=14),other benign parotid tumor group (n=4) and malignant parotid tumor group (n=10).Contralateral normal parotid glands in 19 patients with unilateral parotid gland lesions were treated as control group.The quantitative parameters including kurtosis concerning parameters (K Krad,Kax),diffusivity concerning parameters (D Drad,Dax),fractional anisotropy (FA) and conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were retrospectively reviewed.The binary Logistic regression method was used to confirm parameters with significant difference in diagnosing PAL.And Logistic regression equation was constructed to diagnose PAL.ROC analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic value of the confirmed parameters and the Logistic regression equation.Results Significant difference of the parameters including K Krad,Kax,D Drad,Dax,FA and ADC values were found among different groups (all P＜0.05).ROC analysis demonstrated a higher area under the curve (AUC) for FA+Kax [0.88±0.06 (0.79-0.94)] than Kax[0.80±0.07 (0.70-0.88)] and FA [0.63±0.10 (0.52-0.73)],respectively (both P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 71.43％,95.78％,91.77％,76.92％ and 94.44％.Conclusion DKI showed high diagnostic capacity in differential diagnosis of parotid gland disease.The combination of FA and Kaxcan improve the diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of PAL.

AlM: To investigate expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2 ) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer ( EMMPRlN) in retinoblastoma (Rb) and the relationships between MMP-2, EMMPRlN and tumor development.METHODS:lmmunohistochemical technique was used to detect expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN in 39 cases of paraffin embedded Rb samples. Quantitative analysis of expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN were assessed by measuring the mean gray scale of Rb tissue with LElCA lM50 Color Pathologic Analysis System. The differences of expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN in each clinical and pathological stage were statistically analyzed, and the same step was also undertaken to study the relationship between Rb with MMP-2 positive expression and that with EMMPRlN positive expression.RESULTS:The positive expression rate of MMP-2 was 90% (Gray value: 109. 64 ± 14. 52; 35/39), and that of EMMPRlN was 85% (Gray value:108. 01±13. 60;33/39). The expressions of MMP - 2 and EMMPRlN were significantly higher in tumors of glaucomatous stage (Gray value:108. 21±11. 47 and 107. 56±14. 32) than those in intraocular stage ( Gray value: 121. 13 ± 11. 32 and 119. 34 ± 12. 66; P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). And the same conclusion can be concluded between those in extraocular stage (Gray value: 91. 03 ± 11. 71 and 92. 26 ± 12. 93) with those in glaucomatous stage (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). The expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN were significantly higher in tumors with optic nerve invasion (Gray value:103. 89±13. 39 and 105. 23±14. 00) than those without optic nerve invasion ( Gray value: 118. 39 ± 15. 11 and 117. 53±16. 13) (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON:The positive expression levels of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN may correlate with tumor infiltration and metastasis.