Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; genetics ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology

Objective To investigate the risk factors of post-operative cardiovascular or pulmonary complications in patients with gastrointestinal tumor. MethodsThe data of 352 cases with gastrointestinal tumor were analyzed retrospectively. These patients were divided into the two groups based on with or without cardiovascular or pulmonary complications. Seven relative factors including the patients' age, sex, smoking, duration of surgery, pulmonary function, ECG, UCG, and relationship between these factors and the incidence of post-operative cardiovascular or pulmonary complications were analyzed.ResultsForty-two cases occourred cardiovascular or pulmonary complications in 352 patients. The mean age and surgery duration were (61.2±7.9) years and (3.0±0.9) hours in patients with cardiovascular or pulmonary complications, and (53.5±4.6) years and (2.7±0.7) hours in patients without cardiovascular or pulmonary complications respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). The patients with abnormal FEV1%, FEV1/FVC%, MVV% and cardiac function before operation had higher risk for post-operative cardiopulmonary complications ( P<0.05).ConclusionAge, duration of surgery and cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction may be risk factors of cardiovascular or pulmonary complications after gastrointestinal surgery.

OBJECTIVETo study whether the analgesis of oxymatrine (OMT) affects N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs).

METHODSTotally 45 mice were randomly divided into the sham-operation group, the model group [established by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL)] , and the OMT treatment group according to random digit table, 15 in each group. The dorsal root ganglions (DRG) were separated in PSNL pain model mice. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was determined with Fluo-3 AM immunofluorescent probe in cultured DRG neurons. Different protein expression levels of N-type (Cav2. 2) and L-type ( Cav1. 3) among VGCCs from brain and DRG tissues were detected with Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the sham-operation group, [Ca2+]i, increased in cultured DRG neurons (P <0. 05) , protein expression levels of Cav2. 2 in the brain tissue increased (P <0. 05), protein expression levels of Cav2. 2 in DRG tissues decreased in the model group (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, [Ca2+]i, decreased in cultured DRG neurons (P < 0. 05), protein expression levels of Cav2. 2 in the brain tissue decreased (P <0. 01), protein expression levels of Cav2. 2 in DRG tissues increased in the OMT treatment group (P <0. 01). There was no statistical difference in Cav1. 3 expressions in cultured DRG neurons and the brain (P >0. 05).

CONCLUSIONAnalgesic effect of OMT might be related to Cav2. 2 channel mediated calcium ion flux.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Analgesia ; methods ; Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Aniline Compounds ; Animals ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels, N-Type ; physiology ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Mice ; Neurons ; Pain ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; Xanthenes

Objective To investigate the best protocol of liver 31 P MR spectroscopy . Methods The 31 P MRS was performed using 1.5T MR scanner,heart/liver surface coil and prone position with Resp/Trigger gate in the normal volunteer and the cases with liver diseases including hepatic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and benige hepatic tumour. The age ranged From 15 to 58 years old. The related data were processed and compared using several kinds of protocol methods.Results By using the edit skills with Filter, Zero-filling and Curve fitting under the type of J-coupling peak, the curves corresponding with the request and precise data had been obtained for 31 P MRS of the liver. By the simple protocol methods, the 31 P MRS, concentration and ratio of the materials in the liver could be obtained in all cases.Conclusion The process of MR spectroscopy is easy to apply. The requested curves and the accurate data will be obtained by using the editing skill of edit.

Chronic Disease ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Suppositories

OBJECTIVETo explore the analgesia of oxymatrine (OMT) affecting high voltage-dependent calcium channels (HVDCCs) and GABA release under neuropathic pain condition.

METHODSTotally 66 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the sham-operation group, the model group, and the OMT group, 22 in each group. Neuropathic pain models were established by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). Hind paw plantar mechanical response threshold (MWT) was measured by up-and-down method with Von-Frey filament. mRNA expression of HVDCCs in brains and spinal cords was detected with Real-time PCR and concentration of GABA was determined using ELISA kit.

RESULTSCompared with day 0, the left hind paw MWTwas decreased on day 7, 10, and 14 in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, the left hind paw MWT was significantly reduced in the model group on day 7 (P < 0.05). The MWT of PSNL ipsilateral hind paw was decreased on day 7 before OMT administration, when compared with day 0 (P < 0.05), and increased after OMT administration (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, mRNA levels of Cav1.2, Cav1.3, Cav2.1, and Cav2.3 in brain tissues were increased and those of Cav2.2 were decreased significantly in the model group (P < 0.05). In spinal cord tissues, mRNA levels of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 were increased, but those of Cav2.1, Cav2.2, and Cav2. 3 were decreased significantly in the model group, when compared with those of the sham-operation group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, mRNA levels of Cavl.2, Cavl.3, Cav2.1, and Cav2. 3 in brain tissues were decreased, and those of Cav2.2 were increased significantly in the OMT group (P < 0.05). In spinal cord tissues of the OMT group, mRNA levels of Cav1.3 decreased and those of Cav2.1, Cav2.2, and Cav2.3 increased significantly with statistical difference, when compared with those of the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, GABA levels in brain tissues decreased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, GABA levels in brain tissues increased in the OMT group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in GABA levels of spinal cord tissues among these groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOMT had analgesic effect on neuropathic pain, which might be probably related to HVDDCs. Cav2.2 might directly affect GABA release.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Analgesia ; methods ; Animals ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neuralgia ; drug therapy ; Pain Management ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

AIM:The bacillus calmette-guerin(BCG) vaccine is the most widely used Th1-inducing vaccine.In recent years,some studies argued that mycobacterium vaccae can be used as adjuvant to induce regulatory T cells(Treg) and then suppress asthmatic airway inflammation.We previously have engineered recombined BCG that expressed Der p2 of house dust mites(Der p2 rBCG) on the cell wall.The aim of this study is to investigate the immune regulatory mechanisms of Der p2 rBCG.METHODS:Mice were vaccined with PS,BCG or rBCG.The relative proportion and the absolute numbers of related Tregs in spleen cells were analyzed.The suppressive activity of Der p2 rBCG-induced CD4+CD25+ T cells was detected both in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS:(1) Der p2 rBCG induced a CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell subtype.(2) Der p2 rBCG-induced CD4+CD25+ T cells suppressed the proliferation of Th2 effector cells in vitro in an antigen-specific way.(3) Der p2 rBCG-induced CD4+CD25+ T cells mediated Der p2 specific suppression of airway allergy in vivo.CONCLUSION:Der p2 rBCG induces a CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell subtype,which suppresses inflammation in allergic airway in a mouse model.

The Monascus mutant with high yield of yellow pigment was obtained by using conventional relevant mutation techniques, e.g., treating with physical mutagens(such as UV light) and chemical sub- stances (such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine). The yellow pigment was scanned from 300 nm to 600 nm with UV spectrometer, the maximal absorption was determined at 410 nm. The growth characteristic of Monascus mutant is stable, the yellow pigment value and colour hue in liquid fermentation can reach 100 U/mL and 3.5 respectively. The yellow pigment is stable from pH 3 to pH 8, but the precipitation appeared as the pH of the pigment solution lower than 3.

Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1),matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) in the articular cartilage of patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and the role of these proteins in pathogenesis of KBD.Methods The postoperative cartilage samples were collected from patients with KBD,osteoarthritis and patients with non-bone disease (control).The expression of MMP-1,MMP-3 and TIMP-3 in the cartilage was detected by immuohistochemistry,and the positive chondrocytes were counted in different layers of the articular cartilage under microscope.Results The positive rates of MMP-1 in the upper [(67.00 ± 1.69)％] and deeper [(22.07 ± 29.66)％] layers of articular cartilage from patients with KBD,and in the deeper layer of articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis [(70.52 ± 37.84)％] were significantly higher than those in the control group [(51.73 ± 36.74)％,(3.75 ± 6.85)％,all P ＜ 0.05].The positive rates of MMP-3 in the deeper layer of articular cartilage from patients with KBD [(28.84 ± 31.13)％] and in the middle and deeper layers of articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis [(55.69 ± 35.00)％,(45.96 ± 35.38％)] were significantly higher than those in normal cartilage [(34.09 ± 28.54)％,(14.46 ± 18.32)％,all P ＜ 0.05].The positive rates of TIMP-3 in the middle layer of articular cartilage from patients with KBD [(21.25 ± 25.23)％] and in the middle and deeper layers of articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis [(20.40 ± 22.19)％,(18.10 ± 22.58)％] were significantly lower than those in normal cartilage [(36.74 ± 26.61)％,(7.81 ± 20.58)％,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion MMP-1,MMP-3 and TIMP-3 play important roles in the articular cartilage damage of KBD.

Objective To investigate the detection rate of abnormal cardiovascular and metabolic indicators in health check-up populations,and provide evidence for early screening and health interventions for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.Methods A total of 5578 adults (male 3404 and female 2174) were recruited from a medical institution in Beijing in 2008 and 2010.Cardiovascular and metabolic indicators,including blood pressure,lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose,were tested at baseline and 2 years.Paired t test or paired rank sum test was used for data analysis.Results Detection rate of abnormal blood pressure in 2010 was lower than that in 2008; however,rates of abnormal total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose were higher in 2010 than in 2008 (t values were 5.378,13.885,3.210,10.401 and 4.355,respectively; all P ＜ 0.05).High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride showed no statistically significant difference between 2008 and 2010 (t values were 1.204 and -0.012,respectively; both P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion We have been observing a dynamic change in abnormal cardiovascular and metabolic indicators,based on which effective interventions could be taken to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.