To make a systematic analysis on literatures concerning traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) advices in Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and summarize the main connotations of traditional Chinese medicine advices, relevant TCM advices in Treatise on Febrile Diseases were collected, screened, compared, summarized and analyzed according to TCM dosage form preparation methods, TCM administration methods, medication contraindications and nursing after TCM administration. The literatures concerning medications in Treatise on Febrile Diseases were consulted, summarized and compared to standardize medicine advices and facilitate rational clinical application of TCMs. The standard medicine advices were as follows. The boiling water for TCMs shall be tap water and well water. The decoctions that have effects in promoting blood and meridians can be boiled with wine. The decoctions containing toxic components can be boiled with honey. Some TCMs shall be boiled with special methods, e. g. Herba Ephedra that could be boiled before other medicine and skimmed. Japonica rice could be added in decoctions to measure the duration of decoctions. Different dosages were required for different forms (litre, pill, medicine spoon). Administration times, temperature and frequency shall be adjusted according to target positions, functions and stage of illness. As for dietary contraindications during medication, thick porridges are recommended, where foods impacting medicine efficacy are prohibited. Regarding nursing after medication is important to recover physical functions, particularly warm porridges can go with diaphoretic recipes, while thick porridges can go with purgative recipes. And drug efficacies shall be defined by observing urine and excrements, and blood form. In conclusion, Treatise on Febrile Diseases is the first book that discusses TCM advices and records them in details. In this study, new standard medicine advices were proposed to provide important basis for improving clinical advices of TCMs and supports for developing the TCM dispensing technology.
Chin ; Cooking ; Drug Administration Routes ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; history ; Fever ; drug therapy ; history ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature

Objective To investigate the effects on one hand of training the other with isometric wrist extension and flexion training and its underlying mechanism.Methods Twenty healthy young girls were recruited and randomized into a training group and a control group with 10 subjects in each,using a random number table.The subjects in the training group were accepted isometric training of the wrist extensors and flexors on the right side once every other day,4 days a week for 6 weeks according to a pre-programmed protocol,while those in the control group had no intervention.Peak torque and surface electromyography (sEMG) were recorded and assessed before and after 6 weeks of training.Results In the training group,the average peak torque of right wrist flexion and extension were both significantly higher than before training (within-group comparison) and higher than in the control group (between-group comparison) after 6 weeks of training.The average peak torques of the left wrist in the training group in flexion and extension were (12.9±2.0) Nm and (6.4 ± 1.3) Nm after training,both significantly higher than before the training and stronger than the control group.In the sEMG traces during wrist extension,after training the ascend velocity of the right extensor carpi ulnaris and the integrated area of the left extensor carpi ulnaris in the training group were significantly smaller than before training and in the control group.Conclusion Unilateral isometric resistance training of the wrist muscles can transfer to the contralateral side,probably by altering muscle recruitment.

Objective To investigate the extent of cross-education between the pronation and supination muscles of the right and left forearms after unilateral isometric training.Methods Twenty healthy young girls were randomized into a training group and a control group using a random number table.The training group underwent isometric training of their right forearms for six weeks,while the control group continued ordinary life without exercises.Pronation peak torque (PPT) and supination peak torque (SPT) were assessed before and after the training for both groups.Results The differences in PPT or SPT between the training group and the control group were not significant before the training program.When the training had been completed,however,the average PPT and SPT on right side of those trained of course had increased significantly compared to before training or to the control group.More significantly,the average PPT and SPT on the left side in the training group were also significantly better than before training or in the control group after training.Conclusion Unilateral isometric training of the forearm pronation and supination muscles for six weeks can significantly increase muscle strength bilaterally,indicating good cross-education.

Objective Basing on overall survival(OS)of HBsAg-positive hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients we evaluate several currently used HCC staging systems for OS predictivity.Methods This retrospective study included 775 patients with HBsAg-positive HCC treated in our department during 11-year period from Jan.2000 to Feb.2010.Clinicopathologic factors were evaluated for their possible association with OS in univariate and multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard model.Receiver operating characteristics(ROC)analysis with calculation of the area under the curve (AUC),sensitivity,and specificity was applied to define cutoff point values where appropriated and to assess HCC staging systems for their predictive ability of OS.Results The 1-,2-,3-and 5-year OS rates were 21.3％(165/775),9.4％(73/775),4.9％(38/775)and 1.7％(13/775),respectively.Multivariate analysis identified that severity of concomitant liver cirrhosis(B =4.519),treatment modality (B =4.888),ALT≥2N(B =4.068),portal vein tumor thrombi(B =0.537),spontaneous rupture(B =5.033)and inferior vena cava tumor thrombi(B =7.049)as independent risk factors influencing OS.NSMCS(North Sichuan Medical College Score)exhibited best performance predicting OS with AUC 0.801 (95％ CI 0.761-0.840),sensitivity of 78.8％,specificity of 69.3％ at NSMCS ≥-2.Median survival time reached statistically significant difference(13.6 mons,3.4 mons vs.1.3 mons,x2 =467.636,P =0.000).Conclusions Multiple factors determine OS in patients with HBsAg-positive HCC.NSMCS staging system demonstrates better predictability for the survival of HBsAg positive HCC patients.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of anatomic and non-anatomic liver resection on prognosisofpatientswithsmallhepatocellularcarcinoma( HCC ) usingaMeta-analysis.MethodsLiterature on anatomic versus non-anatomic liver resection for the treatment of small HCC ( ≤5 cm) was retrieved. ResultsFour nonrandomized controlled trials were included consisting of 776 patients:484 undergoing anatomic liver resection and 292 non-anatomic resection.The age ranged from 53.4 to 63.0 years.Male ∶ female ratio was 3.56 ∶ 1.87.1％ patients were Child-Pugh class A.Most patients (94.5％ ) had a single tumor.No significant differences were found conceming the 1,3,and 5 year disease-free survival rate between the two groups.There was no significant difference in overall survival and disease-free survival between the two groups at 1,3,and 5 years.Sensitivity analysis found anatomic resection was superior to non-anatomic resection in 3 year disease free survival rate (OR =0.72,95％ CI:0.52 - 0.99,P =0.04). ConclusionsAnatomic liver resection elevated the 3 year disease free survival rate of patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma when compared with non-anatomic hepatectomy but failed to further elevate long-term disease free survival and overall survival.

Objective To develop a multidimensional self-report health measurement scale for accurate evaluation of health status in Chinese adults. Methods Delphi method was used to select health measurements. Item database was set up based on available questionnaires. A total of 1858 individuals from Beijing, Hebei ,Tianjin, Shanxi and other provinces of China received field pretest. Results A self-report health assessment tool with 90 items was developed, Cronbach a coefficient of which was 0. 669 to 0. 917,split-half reliability 0. 572 to 0. 877, and test-retest reliability 0. 693 to 0. 896. Six factors from exploratory factor analysis accounted for 71.732% total variance,with the common factor＞0.4. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit index and construct validity. Conclusion The newly developed self-rated health measurement scale ,which involves six dimensions and 90 items ,shows good reliability and validity.

The origin and development of round magnetic needle was explored, and the structure of round magnetic needle was introduced in detail, including the handle, the body and the tip of the needle. The clinical opera tion of round magnetic needle were standardized from the aspects of the methods of holding needle, manipulation skill, tapping position, strength of manipulation, application scope and matters needing attention, which laid foundation for the popularization and application of round magnetic needle.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Needles ; history ; standards

Background:Cold storage and ischemia-reperfusion injury of liver grafts are critical for the prognosis of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Establishing a stable cold storage and reperfusion animal model is a fundamental measure for related studies. Aims:To establish a modified isolated perfused rat liver model for comprehensive assessment of liver grafts in studies on preservation of liver grafts before transplantation. Methods:Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into two groups. Livers of rats in control group were retrieved and perfused immediately for 90 minutes without preservation. In experimental group,liver grafts underwent a 30-minute warm ischemia followed by 24-hour cold storage before ex vivo perfusion. The perfusate was collected dynamically for monitoring the levels of transaminases,electrolytes and pH value;the portal vein pressure of liver grafts was measured by pressure sensor,and the hepatic hydrogen peroxide (HPO)level was assessed by microprobe for free radicals. The bile production was recorded after the ex vivo perfusion;meanwhile,the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA)and superoxide dismutase (Cu/ Zn SOD),the histopathological changes and apoptosis of hepatocytes of liver grafts were examined. Results:Compared with the control group,the levels of AST and ALT,the portal vein pressure and the HPO level of liver grafts in experimental group were obviously increased throughout the perfusion. Furthermore,the bile production and level of Cu/ Zn SOD of liver grafts in experimental group were significantly decreased. The histopathological injury and hepatocytes apoptosis of liver grafts were milder in control group. Conclusions:The liver function and antioxidant effect were reduced in warm ischemic and cold preserved liver grafts. The modified isolated perfused rat liver model established in this study is useful for monitoring and evaluation of the cold storage and reperfusion injury in liver grafts.

Objective To explore the value of mast cell tryptase and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)in the differential diagnostic of sudden death due to hypersensitivity and coronary atherosclerotic heart dis-ease.Methods Totally 30 myocardial samples were collected from the autopsy cases in the Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University during 2010—2015. All samples were divided into three groups:death of craniocerebral injury group, sudden death of hypersensitivity group and sudden death of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group, 10 cases in each group. Mast cell tryptase and BNP in myocardium were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western Blotting.Results Immunofluo-rescence staining showed that the positive staining mast cell tryptase appeared in myocardium of sudden death of hypersensitivity group and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group. Among the three groups, the expression of mast cell tryptase showed significantly differences through pairwise comparison(P<0.05); The expression level of BNP in sudden death of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group were significantly higher than the sudden death of hypersensitivity group and death of craniocerebral injury group(P<0.05). The difference of the expression level of BNP between the sudden death of hypersensitivity group and the death of craniocerebral injury group had no statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion The combined detection of the mast cell tryptase and BNP in myocardium is expected to provide help for the forensic differential diagnosis of sudden death due to hypersensitivity and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.

In this study, 101 strains of bacteria were isolated from arct ic water and sediment samples. The methanol extracts of the fermented broth prod uced by these strains were screened in vitro for anti-tumor activity on mou se tsFT210 cells using the method of flow cytometry, and screened for antibacter ial activity by the method of paper disk diffusion. The result showed that one strain exhibited anti-tumor activity and eight strains had antibacterial activ ity. The stability of the antibacterial components produced by strain AR084 an d its optimum medium were also studied. The research indicated that arctic bac teria had potential application in pharmaceutics.