Biomechanical evaluation of neck muscles has important significance in the diagnosis and treatment for cervical spondylosis, the neck muscle strength and soft tissue stiffness test is two aspects of biomechanical testing. Isometric muscle testing operation is relatively simple, the cost is lower, which can evaluate the muscle force below grade 3. However, isokinetic muscle strength testing can assess the muscle strength of joint motion in any position. It is hard to distinguish stiffness difference in different soft tissues when the load-displacement curve is used to evaluate the local soft tissue stiffness. Elasticity imaging technique can not only show the elastic differences of different tissues by images, but also quantify the elastic modulus of subcutaneous tissues and muscles respectively. Nevertheless, it is difficult to observe the flexibility of the cervical spine by means of the analysis of the whole neck stiffness. In a word, a variety of test method will conduce not only the biomechanical evaluation of neck muscles, but also making an effective biomechanics mathematical model of neck muscles. Besides, isokinetic muscle testing and the elasticity imaging technology still need further validation and optimization before they are better applied to neck muscles biomechanical testing.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humans ; Muscle Strength ; Neck Muscles ; physiology

Selectins are a family of adhesion molecules,including P-,L-,E-selectins.The three adhesion molecules all participate in the inflammatory processes of ischemia-reperfusion injury of brain.P-selectin is expressed on activated platelets as well as on endothelial cells.E-selectin is only expressed on endothelial cells.P-and E-selectin mediate the adhesion of the leukocytes,platelets and endothelial cells.L-selectin is mainly expressed on leukocytes and mediates leukocytes rolling contact with microvascular endothelial cells.

Computer-Assisted Instruction ; Education, Medical ; Internet ; Language ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficiency of the treatment with autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from blood from patients with HCC, then augmented by priming with interferon-gamma (IFN-?) followed by monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CD3 and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The autologous CIK cells thus obtained were infused back to individual patients. Altogether 30 patients undertook such treatment. The changes in subsets of lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DC1, DC2) in peripheral blood were assessed by using flow cytometry. Results The percentages of CD3 +, CD3 + CD8 + , CD3 + CD56 + , and CD25 + were increased significantly, and the proportions of DC1 and DC2 subsets were also increased after autologous CIK cells transfusion. Most (23 of 30) patients developed a fever 1-2 hours after CIK cells transfusion and the body temperature ranged from 37℃ to 40℃, lasting for 2-8 hours. Most (20 of 23) febrile patients recovered without any treatment, antipyretic medicine was given to 3 patients to allay the fever. The HCC symptoms were markedly relieved in most patients. No major side effects were found. Conclusion Our observation indicates that the treatment with autologous CIK cells for HCC patients is safe and efficacious.

PURPOSE 10 cases of testicle embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) were treated in the Cancer Hospital of Shanghai Medical University from 1971 to 1988. All cases were treated by orchiectomy followed by retroperitoneal node dissection and three of them did not have lymph node metastases. Methods 2 cases were given postoperative irradiation, 7 cases received adjuvant chemotherapy. Results The 2-. 5-year overall survival were 50% and 30% respectively. Conclusion This report analyzes the prognosis of adult testicle embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The treatment is a combination of surgery、 chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Intensive chemotherapy should be administered. The prognosis of RMS in adult seems to be worse than in childhood. Patients with negative lymph nodes has better outcome than those with node metastases. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after radical inguinal orchiectomy is unnecessary in patients without CT evidence of nodal involvement.

BACKGROUND:5-Fluorouracil occupies an important position in the treatment of gastric cancer, but its long-term use can easily induce adverse reactions such as myelosuppression and leukopenia. Polylactic acid and its copolymers have a higher biocompatibility, and their decomposer cannot gather in the body.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity mechanism of 5-fluorouracil-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles on gastric cancer cel lines.
METHODS:Ten mice were selected in this study. 5-fluorouracil-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles (1×10-7, 1×10-6, 1×10-5, 1×10-4 mol/L) were prepared using ultrasonic emulsification method. Kiling effect of polylactic acid nanoparticles on gastric cancer cel lines in vitrowere detected. Then, the inhibition rate was calculated at different concentrations.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Under the transmission electron microscope, 5-fluorouracil-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles had good shape and relatively evenly distributed with no adhesions. After drug administration, the drug concentration was 50% at 24 hours and 62.9% at 72 hours. After 48 hours co-culture with single 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouracil-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles, the viability of gastric cancer cels showed a decrease trend with the increase of drug concentrations, and moreover, 5-fluorouracil-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles had a better cel inhibition ability than the single 5-fluorouracil (P < 0.05). The IC50value of 5-fluorouracil-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles was significantly lower than that of 5-fluorouracil (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that polylactic acid nanoparticles as good drug carriers have a strong drug loading capacity and increase drug concentration in the body, but cannot reduce the biological activity of 5-fluorouracil, which provide new ideas for the treatment of gastric cancer.

46, XY Disorders of Sex Development ; complications ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Sex Chromosomes ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and management of kidney transplantation in the older adults.Method Forty older kidney recipients (≥60 years old) and 777 younger (18～59 years old) recipients from June 2009 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and managements.Result Of 40 older recipients,the comorbidities of diabetes and coronary artery disease in older group were higher than in the younger (25％ vs.4.9％,and 32.50％ vs.11.38％).During the first 6 months,7 older patients died,among which 4 died from severe pneumonia,2 from heart failure and 1 from pulmonary embolism.There were 31 deaths in younger group,among which 21 died from severe pneumonia,4 from heart failure,5 from cerebrovascular accident and 2 from pulmonary embolism.The mortality in the older group was higher than in the younger group (17.5％ vs.4.6％).Six-month and 3-year survival rate in the older recipients was lower than the younger recipients (81.56％ vs.95.35％,and 81.56％ vs.94.5％,respectively).Six-month graft survival rate and 3-year survival rate in the older group were also lower than in the younger group (78.75％ vs.92.02％,and 68.82％ vs.85.40％).At the 1st and 2nd year during follow-up,the serum creatinines in the older group were close to those in the younger group,while lower level was observed 3 years after transplantation in the older patients (89.38 ± 11.34 (mol/ L vs.116.57±48.68 (mol/L).Conclusion The patients with ESRD older than 60 years have more preoperative concomitant diseases and worse health status,which contribute to the complex clinical characteristics.More aggressive indication selection,sufficient pre-operative preparation,wellmatched histocompatibility and high quality of donor kidney are the key factors of successful transplantation.Optimized immunosuppressant therapy,delicate perioperative management,preventve and effective treatment of related complications are necessary to promote the survival of recipients and graft in long term.

Objective To observe the effect of Glutsmine on intestinal barrier function after traumatic brain injury in rats. Methods A total of 54 adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups, ie, normal group (Group N, 6 rats), TBI group (Group T, 24 rats) and Giutamine intervention group (Group G, 24 rats). Group T and Group G were subdivided into 4 groups according to detection time at days 1,3, 5 and 7 respectively. Meanwhile, 6 rats were enlisted in each group. The intestinal mucosa structure was detected by histopathological examination and electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected by in situ immunohistochemical staining (TUNEL). Results Glutamine could relieve the pathological lesion of gut mucosa and decrease intestinal mucosa cell apoptosis after traumatic brain injury. Conclusion Glutamine can protect intestinal mucosa barrier function following traumatic brain injury.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of preoperative transcatheter artery chemoembolization (TACE) correlates with outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Sixty-seven patients with HCC underwent TACE before OLT. In all the patients, there were 52 males and 15 females with age ranging from 34 to 67 years old (average 48). Sixty-one patients met the Milan' standard, and 6 patients exceeded Milan' standard. Classic OLT was done in 62 patients and pigyback liver transplantation was done in 5 patients. Immunosuppression regimen after operation included Tacrolimus (or Ciclosporin,Sirolimus), mycophynolate, steroid hormone. The efficacy of TACE was assessed according to histological findings after OLT. Tumor recurrence rate of 1-and 2-year tumor recurrence rate, and 1-and 2-year survival rate in different groups with different responses to preoperative TACE were compared. Results Tumor necrosis rate was greater than 50% in 50 patients and new tumor nodi occurred in 2 patients. Tumor necrosis rate after TACE was 73. 77%. Tumor necrosis rate was less than 50% in 17 patients and new tumor nodi occurred in 7 patients. Forty-eight patients had satisfactory efficacy after TACE and no new tumor nodi occurred, 1-and 2-year tumor recurrence rate was 2. 08/ (1/48) and 6. 25% (3/48) respectively, and 1- and 2-year survival rate was 97. 92% (47/48) and 95. 83% (46/48) respectively. Nineteen patients had worse efficacy after TACE and new nodi occurred, 1- and 2-year tumor recurrence rate was 36. 84% (7/19) and 57. 89% (11/19), and 1-and 2-year survival rate was 73.68% (14/19) and 47. 37% (9/19) respectively. There were statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion TACE provides good local control in preoperatively diagnosed HCC, but its impact is limited in lesions not detected preoperatively. Patients with satisfactory efficacy after TACE before OLT had a good prognosis. The response to preoperative TACE may predict long-term outcome after LT.