reliability, content validity, construct validity, and criterion - related validity of the CNS are entirely in accordance with the psychometric demands.

Objective To develop a child neglect scale with Chinese culture background to assess the status of the neglected children in China,and examine the reliability and validity of the child-neglect scale(CNS).Methods Considering the cultural background of China,an item pool was established by revising items in correlative literatures and scales.Then,the first draft of the CNS was improved by reserving the effective items well graded by professional experts.A total of 871 students from 2 junior high schools and a vocational and technical college were involved in the study.Those students were surveyed with Parental Rearing Patterns scale and child neglect scale.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to the development and evaluation of the structure of the scale.Results The findings were as follows:the general Cronbach′s Alpha reliability was 0.85,the split-half reliability was 0.81,the test-retest reliability was 0.90. The CNS was made of the 4 sub-scales which was safe neglect scale,physical neglect scale,communion neglect scale and affection neglect scale.the general Cronbach′s Alpha reliability of the child neglect scale was 0.79-0.85,the split-half reliability was 0.64-0.81,and the test-retest reliability was 0.82-0.90.The item loadings of the neglect scale were over 0.30.The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the ratio of Chi-square to degrees of freedom were 1.766,the goodness of fit index was 0.917,the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.916,and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.047.Criterion-related validity studies indicated that the scores of the CNS were significantly correlated with the rearing patterns as well(r=0.049,-0.465 P

Objective To explore the effect of hemeoxygenease/carbon monoxide system on hypoxic pulumonary vascular structural remodeling. Methods Twenty six Wister rats were randomly divided into four groups:control groups( n =6),hypoxia group( n =7),hypxia+ZnPP group( n =6) and hypoxia+CO group( n =7).Pulmonary artery mean pressure(mPAP) of each rat was elaluated by using right cardiac catheterization,the ultrastructaral changes in intra acinar pulmonary muscularized arteries were observed. Results mPAP was significantly increased in hypoxic rats(22?2 31?mmHg)as compared with that of normal controls(16 57?2 51mmHg)( P

Objective To investigate the effects of glycyrrhizin on gene expression of transforming growth factor(TGF)-?signaling pathway of hepatic stellate cell(HSC)in mice by gene microarray tech- nique.Methods The HSCs were isolated from mice and cultured in vitro.Then the mice were divided into control group,TGF-?_1 group(5 ng/ml) or TGF-?_1(5 ng/ml)combined with glycyrrhizin(100?mol/L) group.The cells were collected after 10 hours to extract RNA.A cDNA microarray(GEArray~(TM) Q) targeting TGF-?/BMP signal transduction was used to screen the genes which showed significant changes in expression of TGF-?pathway of HSC by glycyrrhizin.Results The microarray analysis showed that 16 genes(16.7%),such as Smad2,Smad3,Smad7,CoL3A1,CoL1A2,and PAI-1,were upregulated by TGF-?_1 and then down-regulated by glycyrrhizin.Five genes(5.2%)(including BMP7,IGFbp3 and etc.)downregulated by TGF-?_1,were then up-regulated by glycyrrhizin.Finally,2 genes upregulated by TGF-?_1 were then up-regulated predominantly by glycyrrhizin in HSC(T?R2,betaglycan).Changes in some genes,such as Smad2 Smad3,Smad7,were further confirmed to be coincided with cDNA microarray by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Conclusions The anti-fibrosis mechanisms of glycyrrhizin may be through to interference of TGF-?signaling pathway,decrease the synthesis and increase the degradation of collagen.

Objective To investigate the effect of the cerebral infarction in rats and the role of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) in the pathogenesis. Method Sixty-six rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: blank group (n= 6), control group (n=30), model group (n=30). The rat model was established by carotid injection of auto blood thrombus, the control group was given the operation without injection. Each group was subdivided into 24 hours, 48 hours, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days after operative intervention. At serial intervals, the animals in each group were sacrificed and brain tissue samples were collected to determine MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-3 expression by immunohistoehemistry. The changes of behaviors were observed and the histopathological changes were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin stain. Results The experimental group had more obvious behavior change than other groups. Hematoxylin and eosin stain showed significant histopathological changes; MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-3 expression was up-regulated in comparison with other groups (P

Aim To explore the interaction between nitric oxide( NO) and hydrogen sulfide(H 2S) on the relaxation reactivity of pulmonary arteries in rats.Methods Seven male healthy rats were anaesthesed with chloral hydrate; the pulmonary artery of each rat was removed for the study. Th e reactivities of pulmonary artery rings in response to different doses of NO do nar-sodium nitroprusside(SNP) and H 2S donar-NaHS were measured in vitro.DL-propargylglycine(PPG)and N?-nitor-L-methyl ester(L-NAME) were provided to pulmonary artery, respectively;the relaxation reactivities of pulmonary artery were observed.Results The relaxation reactivities of pulmonary arteries showed a dose-dependent increase in response to different doses of SNP and H 2S.The relaxation reactivity to SNP decreased by PPG. The relaxation reactivity to H 2S decreased by L-NAME.Conclusion H 2S acted as a vasorelaxator either independently or accompanied with NO, SNP acted as a vasorelaxator either independently or accompanied with H 2S;the networ k of gastransmitter played an important role in the relaxation of pulmonary arte ries.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the factors implicated in the diagnosis and treatment of early gastric caner.Methods Fifty Patients early gastric caner with diagnosed from March 2004 to May 2006,were investigated in the study retrospectively.ResultsAll of the patients were diagnosed accurately by the gastroscopy,among which 2 had atrophic gastritis history for 6 or 10 years,respectively.Twenty-four masses were located in gastric pylorus,12 in gastic angular incisure,14 in gastric body.D2 radical mastectomy was performed in 41 cases,and D1 radical mastectomy in 9 cases.In 10 cases the diameter of tumors was ＜1 cm,17 cases 1 -2 cm,14 cases 2-3 cm,9 cases ＞3 cm.Lymph node involvements were observed in five cases ( 10％ ).Follow data were available in 48 cases.Among them,3 died from local recurrence and metastasis at postoperative 10,12,19 months respectively. Conclusions Although endosopic mucosal resection or limited surgical resection is a reasonable treatment for some early gastric caner patients,D2 radical mastectomy is necessary for most early gastric caner patients.

Objective: To explore the pharmacokinetics of self-made gliclazide modified release tablets in Beagle dogs and to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro correlation. Methods: Six Beagle dogs were orally given self-made gliclazide modified release tablets or reference preparation (DaMeiKang) at a dose of 30 mg with self-control cross-over method. Blood samples were collected at different time points after administration. The gliclazide concentration in plasma was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and relative bioavailability of self-made gliclazide modified release tablets were investigated, the bioequivalence was evaluated, and the in vivo and in vitro correlation was calculated. Results: Area under curve (AUC0-∞) of DaMeiKang was (101.74 ± 20.29) μg/(mL · h), and AUC0-∞ of self-made gliclazide modified release tablets was (95.40 ± 28.68) μg/(mL · h). There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the test and reference formulations (P>0.05). The relative bioavailability of self-made gliclazide modified release tablets was 93.77%, which was bioequivalent with the reference preparation. The in vitro and in vivo correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of DaMeiKang and self-made gliclazide modified release tablets were 0.912 and 0.894, respectively, which were higher than the critical value (r005.7=0.754). The in vitro release rates of the two preparations were correlated with the in vivo absorption rates. Conclusion: The self-made gliclazide modified release tablets have sustained-release characteristics and bioequivalence with reference preparation. The in vivo absorption behavior of gliclazide modified release tablets can be predicted by the in vitro release assay established in this study.

Objective To investigate the techniques and influence factors for the respiratory navigator echo triggered whole-heart coronary MR angiography(WH-CMRA)and evaluate its application in visualizing coronary arteries and the image quality.Methods Ninety two volunteers were acquired with WH-CMRA at 3 T MR scanner using respiratory navigator-echo gated TFE sequence.Imaging quality was visually graded as 0—Ⅳ grade according to the visual inspection,average length,diameter and sharpness of coronary arteries.The correlation between the imaging quality and respiratory pattern,heart rate and navigator efficiency was analyzed.Results The imaging quality in 92 cases was that 28 were graded as Ⅳ, 53 were graded as Ⅲ,9 were graded as Ⅱ and 2 were graded as Ⅰ.The successful rate of scan was 88% (81/92).The imaging quality is mainly graded as Ⅳ when the heart rate was less than 75 beats per minute (bpm)and the sharpness of vessel was(48?11)%.When heart rate was more than 75 bpm,the image quality was mostly graded as Ⅲ and the sharpness was(33?15)%.The correlation between heart rate and imaging quality score was negative(r=-0.726,P0.05).Conclusion 3 T WH-CMRA technique could facilitated the visualization of whole coronary arteries at free breathing but having indications on heart rate.

Objective To approach the proliferative activities of Hodgkin's disease cells were transfected with mtrⅡ gene.Methods The ki67 and PCNA expression of Hodgkin's disease cells and those which were transfected with mtrⅡ gene by immunohistochemical technique respectively.Results The expression rate of ki67 and PCNA in Hodgkin's disease cells which were transfected with mtrⅡ gene was higher than that weren't transfected(P