The phytase was extracted from solid state leavening of Trichoderma Viride LH374.The crude product was purified by(NH_4)_2SO_4 precipitation,gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography.The purified phyatse was 13.3 times of the raw products,and the extraction ration was 27.1%.The study on the enzymology of phyatse showed that the optimal temperature and pH were 55℃ and 6.0,respectively.The Km value of the phytase was 0.15mmol/L.

Objective To measure and calculate the dose distribution (tissue absorbed dose) of mouth floor area while using 125I to treat sublingual gland carcinoma.Methods Phantom of head and neck was used to place the 125I radioactive seeds to simulate the sublingual gland carcinoma treatment.125I radioactive seeds of 29.6 and 25.9 MBq per seed were used as two groups,with 31 seeds in each group,and prescribed dose (peripheral matched dose) was 120 Gy.Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) was used to measure the absorbed dose value in the simulated target and adjacent area.Gafchromic Eriochrome Black T (EBT) film was used to draw the dose distribution curve.Results Dose absorbed in the target area,target area center and the adjacent area one centimeter away from target reached 160 Gy,390-500 Gy,and 90-170 Gy,respectively.Dose of the skin ranged from 25 to 81 Gy,dose of mandible ranged from 7.9 to 67 Gy.No radiation cold spot was found.Conclusions 125I seeds could achieve an effective therapeutic dose distribution of the target area for sublingual gland carcinoma.Dose absorbed in the adjacent tissue is under safety limit.The radiation dose at mandible is lower,reducing the possibility of radiation damage to the bone.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) reserving anterior lobe of the prostate .Methods A total of 736 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH ) patients from Guizhou Aerospace Hospital were averagely randomly divided into the observation group and control group .Control group was treated with traditional TURP with the anterior lobe reseated ;while observation group was treated with the similar method to the control group ,but retained the anterior lobe .The clinical therapeutic effects and postoperative complications were observed .Results The maximum flow rate ,re-sidual urine volume and the international prostate symptom score in observation group did not show any statistical significance com -pared with that in control group after surgery (P> 0 .05) .The prevalence rate of temporary incontinence in observation group (1 .09% ) was lower than that in control group(5 .16% ) ,with significant difference(P<0 .05) .The prevalence rate of permanent incontinence in observation group(0 .27% ) was similar to that in control the group(0 .54% ) ,with no significant difference(P>0 .05) .Conclusion TURP reserving the anterior lobe can effectively reduce the incidence of temporary urinary incontinence ,there-fore ,this method could be spread in the clinical practice .

Background How to control progression of myopia is a central issue in clinical optometry.Some clinical trials showed that wearing base-in (BI) prism can slow down progression of myopia to certain degree.However,whether BI prism or base-out (BO) prism should be used is worth discussing.Objective This study was to investigate the influences of different prisms on accommodative response and microfluctuation in emmetropias.Methods This clinical trail was approved by Ethic Committee of Peking University People's Hospital.During July in 2014,twenty-two emmetropias of 22 normal volunteers aged 21-27 years were recruited from Peking University People's Hospital under the written informed consent.An open-field infrared refractometer was used to monitor and record pupil diameter and accommodative response under three conditions including non-prism,3△ BI prism,and 3△ BO prism.The accommodative response value was calculated as the difference between reading value and-3.0 D,and root mean square (RMS) of accommodative response value served as amplitude of accommodative microfluctuation.Spectrum of accommodative response was analyzed by one dimension discrete Fourier transformation.The differences of accommodative response value,amplitude of accommodative microfluctuation and pupil diameter among three conditions were compared using repeated one-way ANOVA.Results The accommodative response values were (+0.31±0.78),(+0.51±0.75) and (+0.18±0.72) D under the non-prism,3△BI prism and 3△BO prismconditions,respectively,with a significant difference among them (F =28.078,P =0.000),and compared with the non-prism condition,the accommodative lag of 3△BI prism condition was increased and that of 3△BO prism condition was reduced (P =0.000,0.012).No significant difference was found in the amplitude of accommodative microfluctuation among the three conditions (F=0.062,P =0.879).The percentages of low frequency signal power (0-0.5 Hz)/total power (0-2.5 Hz) was 97.5％,98.3％ and 91.4％ under the non-prism,3△BI prism and 3△BO prism condition,respectively.The pupil diameter was (5.37-±0.69) mm under the 3 △ BI prism condition,which was larger than (5.07±0.66) mm under the non-prism condition and (5.01 ±0.69) mm under the 3△ BO prism condition (both at P =0.000).Conclusions Compared with wearing 3△ BI prism,wearing 3△ BO prism lessens the accommodative lag,decreases the pupil diameter and reduces the power of low frequency component in accommodative response.

Background Using tablet computer at a short distance is one of the risk factors resulting to pathogenesis and progression of myopia.Studying the effect of such device on accommodative system of human eyes can provide further insights into myopia control.Objective This study was to explore the influences of playing iPAD game for a short duration on accommodative response,accommodative microfluctuation and pupil diameter in adolescent myopia patients.Methods Sixty adolescent myopic patients were included in Peking University People 's Hospital from August 2014 to April 2015,with the mean age (11.6±2.6) years and mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) (-2.38±1.08)D.The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups according to different playing duration of iPAD game,including 3-minute group,5-minute group and 10-minute group.An open-field infrared refractometer was used to record pupil diameter and accommodation-associated data before and after playing iPAD game.Accommodative response was defined as the difference between the recorded value and theoretical accommodative response,and root mean square (RMS) was used to describe the amplitude of accommodative microfluctuation.One-dimension discrete Fourier transformation was used to analyze spectral characteristic of accommodative response curve.Paired t tests were used to compare these accommodative parameters before and after playing game,while Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were applied for analyzing high frequency component of accommodative microfluctuation.This research conforms to the declaration of Helsinki,and was approved by Peking University People's Hospital Ethics Committee,all the subjects and their guardian signed informed consent.Results The accommodative response values before and after playing iPAD game in 10-minute group were (0.81 ±0.29)D and (0.74 ± 0.27) D,respectively,with significant difference between them (t =2.263,P =0.036),and no significant differences were found in the accommodative response values before and after playing iPAD game in the 3-minute group and 5-minute group (both at P＞0.05).The RMS after playing iPAD game was (0.31 ±0.08) D in the 10-minute group,which was significantly higher than (0.27 ± 0.09) D before playing iPAD game (t =-2.259,P =0.036).The high-frequency spectral power of accommodative response curves in all the three groups were increased after playing iPAD game in comparison with before playing iPAD game,with significant differences in the 5-minute group and 10-minute group (Z =-2.213,-2.016;both at P ＜ 0.05),and the pupil diameters were significantly decreased after playing iPAD game in comparison with before playing iPAD game,with significant differences in the 5-minute group and 10-minute group (t =2.428,P =0.026;t =2.515,P =0.021).Conclusions Short-term exposure to iPAD does not deteriorate accommodative lag in adolescent myopic patients.However,the increase of amplitude and high-frequency spectral power of accommodative microfluctuation,together with accommodation lag will result in blurred images and may bring adverse effects on myopic eyes.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) can be applied to study the resting-state network, and it is easier than task-related fMRI. Imaging principle, research methods of rs-fMRI, as well as its application in cognitive impairment were reviewed in this article.

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between age and general morphology of transverse section of cartilago costalis and its forensic significance. METHODS: Eighty-six corpses' cartilago costalis from the routine postmortem examination were collected and the morphological features of their transverse section were observed. RESULTS: With the increased age, there were regular changes in the color, structure, and material of the general morphology of transverse section of cartilago costalis. But the changes were not affected by gender. CONCLUSION The good correlation between general morphology of transverse section of cartilago costalis and age can be used to estimate age of the deceased rapidly.
Age Factors ; Autopsy ; Cadaver ; Cartilage/pathology* ; Humans

In this paper, based on the special influence of supramolecular chemistry on the basic theory of Chinese medicines ( CM) , the authors further analyzed the history of meridian tropism and natural origins of CM organisms and explained CM ingredients and the universal regularity of the automatic action of the supramolecular "imprinting templates" hole channel structure. After entering human bodies, CMs, as the aggregation of supramolecular "imprinting templates" , automatically seek supramolecular subjects that are matched with their "imprinting templates" in human meridians and organs for the purpose of self-recognition, self-organization, self-assembly and self-replication, so as to generate specific efficacy in meridians and organs, which is reflected as the meridian tropism phenomena at macro level. This regularity can be studied by in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. In vitro methods are mostly supra molecular structure analysis and kinetic and thermodynamic parameter calculation; Whereas in vivo methods are dominated by the analysis on object component distribution, chromatopharmacodynamic parameters and network chromatopharmacodynamic parameters; Particularly, the acupoint-medicine method can simplify to study the supramolecular subject-object relations. Consequently, CM's'meridian tropism reveals the universal regularity for interactions of macromolecular and micromolecular "imprinting templates" of subjects and objects in natural organisms. As the first barrier for the material base of the CM theory and breakthrough in the modernization of the basic CM theory, meridian tropism plays an important role in studies on basic theories of the basic CM theory.
Acupuncture Points ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians

OBJECTIVETo study the acute toxicity of the water extracts (ERWE) and 60% ethanol extracts (EREE) from different processed products of Radix Polygalae (crude Radix Polygalae, licorice, and honey processed Radix Polygalae), thus providing scientific evidence for toxicity study of Radix Polygalae and its safe clinical application.

METHODSThe ERWE and EREE were prepared from different processed products of Radix Polygalae. Their contents of saponins were respectively determined. The poisoning condition and death of the mice administered with ERWE and EREE by gastrogavage were observed within fourteen days. The modified Karber's method was used to calculate LD50 and 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTSThe EREE of licorice processed Radix Polygalae had the maximum toxicity with highest content of saponins, while the ERWE of honey processed Radix Polygalae had the minimum toxicity with lowest content of saponins.

CONCLUSIONSDifferent processing methods have effects on the contents of saponins in Radix Polygalae. The experiment showed that the toxicity of Radix Polygalae is in direct proportion to the content of saponins. The higher the saponins contents, the higher the toxicity.

Animals ; Female ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Plant Extracts ; toxicity ; Polygala ; Saponins ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests, Acute

Crystallization has been widely applied in pharmaceutical formulations as an effective approach to improve the stability and efficacy of small agents. However protein crystals are suffered from limitation in the drug delivery system due to their complex crystallization behaviors. With development of crystallization technologies and their industrial application, protein crystals are receiving more and more attentions as a novel delivery system for biomacromolecules. Crystals with thermodynamic stable structure can improve the physical and chemical stability of protein drugs and present a sustained release behavior. On the basis of pertinent literatures, this review introduces the recent research situation and development process of protein crystals as drug delivery system. Moreover, the crystallization process of proteins, as well as the preparation and potential application are discussed systematically.
Crystallization ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage ; Proteins ; chemistry