Objective To explore the causes and preventive measures of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in 217 patients with acute cerebral ischemic stroke treated with local intra-arterial urokinase. Methods From February1999 to June 2004, 217 patients were treated for acute ischemic stroke with local intra-arterial urokinase in our hospital. Factors associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage of intra-arterial thrombolysis were analyzed by Stepwise logistic regression to identify some factors relating the prediction symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Results Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 8 cases (3.7%). Predictors of the symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were the elevated systolic blood pressure before therapy (odds ratio, 1.096; 95% CI, 1.006 to 1.194) and urokinase (UK) treatment (odds ratio , 1.068; 95% CL, 1.053 to 1.247). Risk of secondary symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was increased with elevated systolic blood pressure. Other factors like age, initial treating time, NIHSS, diabetes and collateral circulation did not predict the symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage respectively. Conclusions Predictors of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after local intra-arterial infusion of urokinase for acute ischemic stroke were the elevated systolic blood pressure before therapy and urokinase (UK) treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationship between carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and pulse pressure index (PPI) in elderly hypertensive patients.PPI was defined as 24 h mean pulse pressure(PP)/24 h mean SBP.Methods One hundred and three elderly hypertensive patients were categorized by PPI level:group A (PPI

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have suggested that the risks for coronary atherosclerotic plaque progression and in-stent restenosis are increased in patients with coronary heart disease combined with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE:To explore the predictive factors for in-stent late loss and non-culprit coronary lesion progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mel itus. METHODS:A total of 399 stenting patients were enrol ed, including 179 diabetic patients and 220 non-diabetic patients. The clinical materials, angiography parameters and biochemical markers were col ected. The difference between the two groups was compared, and also we conducted subgroup analysis in the diabetic patients. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were detected at days 3, 120, 210 and 360 after stenting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with non-diabetic patients, the stent length (P=0.18) was longer and the stent diameter (P=0.002) was smal er in the diabetic patients. The minimal lumen diameters of post-procedure and fol ow-up angiography in the diabetic group were significantly decreased (P=0.001, P=0), and the diabetic patients also showed severe coronary artery stenosis instantly and within the fol ow-up after stenting (P=0.038, P=0.004). The fol ow-up angiography showed that the diabetic patients had more late loss and restenosis (P=0, P=0.097). Furthermore, in the subgroup analysis of diabetic patients, the levels of hemoglobin A1c, fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly increased in the patients with restenosis and non-culprit lesion progression. These findings indicate that diabetic patients appear to have the higher incidence of restenosis and non-culprit lesion progression. Moreover, hemoglobin A1c, fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein are effective predictors for in-stent late loss and non-culprit coronary lesion progression.

BACKGROUND:Meta-analysis results have shown that Duhuojisheng Decoction can improve the symptoms and relieve the pain of patients with knee osteoarthritis, but the mechanism and pathway are not very clear.OBJECTIVE:To further verify the curative effect of Duhuojisheng Decoction for primary knee osteoarthritis in macaca fascicularis. METHODS: Under natural conditions, 6 clean young macaca fascicularis (aged 3-5 years, normal group) and 6 elderly macaca fascicularis (aged more than 20 years, model group) were selected from 24 macaca fascicularis. The models of primary knee osteoarthritis were established in the model group,then aged animals were randomly divided into control and intervention(given the treatment of Duhuojisheng Decoction) groups. The number of whole blood leukocytes, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, properties of the joint fluid and expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α were compared between the control and intervention groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The aged macaca fascicularis was characterized by a typical osteoarthritis similar to human. Treatment with Duhuojisheng Decoction significantly down-regulated the expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α and significantly reduced the levels of whole blood leukocytes, and C-reactive protein. Our results suggest that the aged macaca fascicularis model of primary knee osteoarthritis is an effective animal model to simulate the occurrence and development of human primary knee osteoarthritis.Duhuojisheng decoction alleviates the progression of primary knee osteoarthritis probably by inhibiting the expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α and decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors in the articular cartilage. Additionally, the levels of whole blood leukocytes and C-reactive protein are important parameters for the prediction of curative effects.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies concerning dysferlin focus on muscle diseases (such as muscular dystrophy), but the relationship between membrane repair after exercise-induced muscle damage and dysferlin is little reported. OBJECTIVE: To observe the cell membrane permeability and expression levels of dysferlin and calpain3 in the rat gastrocnemius after acute eccentric exercise, so as to provide an theoretical reference for exploring the molecular mechanism of muscle regeneration and the exercise therapy of muscular diseases. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups including control, 24, 48 and 72 hours post exercise groups. The membrane permeability and expression levels of dysferlin and calpain3 were determined by immunohistochemistry, western blot assay and qRT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The activity of serum creatine kinase, and expression levels of calpain3 mRNA and dysferlin protein, as well as membrane permeability at 24 hours post exercise were significantly greater than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01). The expression level of dysferlin mRNA at 24 and 48 hours post exercise was significantly higher than that at 72 hours post exercise (P ＜ 0.05). Therefore, the damage to the skeletal muscle cell membrane was the most severe at 24 hours after eccentric exercise. Due to Ca2+influx, expression of calpain3 mRNA was activated, and then the damaged cell membrane was repaired by increasing the expression of dysferlin.

Objective:To determine the immunological effects of a new type adjuvant CTA 1-DD/IgG.Methods:Intranasal im-munization of BALB/c mice with OVA in combination with adjuvant CTA 1-DD or CTA1-DD/IgG.Blood samples were subjected to OVA-specific IgG Abs detection and IgG subclass profiles assessment using ELISA.Splenic plasma cells secreting anti-OVA Abs were detected by ELISPOT.Results:CTA1-DD/IgG showed stronger activity in inducing OVA-specific IgG Abs and splenic Abs-secreting cells compared with CTA1-DD.The enhancement of IgG1,IgG2a and IgG2b Abs were observed,and the ratio IgG2a/IgG1 were >1 in both groups.Conclusion: CTA1-DD/IgG can exert enhanced adjuvant effects compared with CTA 1-DD.Mixed IgG subclasses are induced,indicating a more balanced Th1/Th2 response.

Objective:To explore the classification and the choice of surgical approach for tentorial meningiomas. Methods: 56 patients with tentorial meningiomas operated on between 1992 and 2002 were retrospectively analysed. According to Gkalp , there were 28 cases with medial tumor,17 cases with lateral tumor,11 cases with falcotentorial tumor. The tumors developing mainly supratentorial were approached from modified pteronal, subtemporal, temporooccipital or occipital craniotomy. For tumors developing mainly in the posterior cranial fossa, suboccipital craniectomy or combined occipital- suboccipital craniectomy was performed. The tumors developing both supratentorial and infratentorial the subtemporal-presigmoidal craniotomy were approached . Results: Total removal was achieved in 53 cases and partial removal in 3 cases. Two cases died of severe postoperative complications. The mortality rate was 3.6%. Five had additional neurological deficits postoperatively. Recurrences occurred in 6 cases. Conclusion: Surgical approach for tentorial meningiomas must be individualized for each case. The operators must master well about microanatomy of the tentorium and its specifically regional structures and expertly use microsurgical techniques for obtaining successful surgery and good outcome.

The quality markers (Q-markers) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have become a topic of interest in TCM research in recent years. Nonetheless, there is still no consensus on how to scientifically characterize TCM Q-markers. Our study establishes an identification method for TCM Q-markers based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy weight comprehensive method. By constructing an evaluation system encompassing the target layer, the factor layer and the control layer, AHP can be used to analyze the weight of three core TCM quality attributes, including effectiveness, testability and specificity. Following that, the entropy weight method is employed to analyze the specific indicators for each attribute based on the literature and experimental data. Finally, the comprehensive weight of each index is obtained by combining the two weights, and the comprehensive weight and the specific value of each component is multiplied and summed to obtain the integrated score ranking, and thereby identify the TCM Q-markers. Taking Shaoyao Gancao decoction as an example, the analysis revealed that the top 8 components are as follows: paeoniflorin > quercetin > albiflorin > glycyrrhizic acid > naringenin > liquiritin > oxypaeoniflorin > benzoylpaeoniflorin, and can be identified as Q-markers of Shaoyao Gancao decoction. This study not only provides support for the establishment of quality standards and process quality control of TCM formulae, but also provides innovative ideas and methods for quantitative evaluation and accurate identification of TCM Q-markers.

Objective To investigate the expression and correlation of NKG2D and sMICA in lung cancer patients. Methods By collecting 30 lung cancer patients as the test group,and taking 30 healthy volunteers as the contrast group, the expression of NKG2D and sMICA in the two groups were examined separately by FACS and ELISA method. Results The expressions of NKG2D in the two groups were (81.56±8.78) %, (85.63±6.62) %. The lung cancer patients were high remarkable. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). The expression of sMICA in the two groups were (354.13 ±80.575) pg/ml,(216.53±48.175) pg/ml. The lung cancer patients were low remarkable. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.01). There was a significant relation between the two groups (r =-0.349, P =0.006). Conclusion The expression of NKG2D and sMICA may provid one of the immune targets for diagnosing that can forecast the immune state and malignant metastasis of the lung cancer patients. The significant relation between NKG2D and sMICA may take on main role in the immune escaping of tumor. It may provide the suitable target of the patients for tumor organisms and immune treatment.

ed in vitro and in vivo,which was inhibited by aspirin treatment.