Objective:In order to enhance the early dignosis level and strengthen the understanding of pathogeny、pathology by stage and prognosis of primary gallbladder car-cinoma(PGC). Methods : The results of 679 patients of PGC from 1956 to 1998 in first affiliated hospital of Xi'an medical university were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Most of the patients belong to advanced stage when dignosised. The PGC were usually found among the old women patients. The sex ratio(female/male) was 3:1. There is a intimate relatioship between gallstone and PGC. About sixty percents of PGC might be found gallstone.The dignostic accordance rate was low between preoperation and postopera-tion.Most patients with PGC were found unexpectedly in operation due to gallstone or a-cute cholecystitis. To worse more, many of patiens with PGC were missed the opportunities of dignosis and treatment because of only paying attention to gallstone. Most of the pathological types were adenocarcinoma. The development of imaging examination is hoped to find early stage cases and improve its prognosis. Conclusion : It is a basic way for early dignosis and improving prognosis to strengthen the understanding of pathogeny, pathology by stage and prognosis and rationalize application of all kinds of exzamination means in PGC.

In adipose tissues from sreater omentum of patients with type 2 diabetes,the mRNA and protein expressions of human rearranged immunoglobulin?light chain (HSIGVL) 022 were measured by the fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively.The results showed that mRNA and protein levels of HSIGVL022 were up-regulated in patients with type 2 diabetes.The mRNA level of HSIGVL022 was linearly correlated with insulin resistance index,suggesting that this gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

In this article, the implementation of eye movement tracking system includes three procedures: hardware acquisition, data extraction and overall analysis. The system is based on Camshift algorithm with an eye tracking module added, developed on VC++ 6.0. The system can track the eye movement effectively in simulated phosphene evaluation experiment based on prosthetic vision.
Algorithms ; Analysis of Variance ; Eye Movements ; physiology ; Prosthesis Design

The urate transporter 1 (URAT1) which controls urate reabsorption is a membrane transporter in the apical membrane of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. It was found that about 90% of patients suffer from hyperuricemia due to insufficient uric acid excretion. Therefore, the development of URAT1 inhibitors that can reduce the level of serum uric acid in vivo by enhancing renal urate excretion has been a hot spot in seeking anti-gout drugs in recent years. In this article, the representative URAT1 inhibitors with uric acid-lowering or anti-gout effects are reviewed, and related medicinal chemical strategies are analyzed, hoping to provide valuable insights into the discovery of new URAT1 inhibitors.

BACKGROUNDChemokines and their receptors have been a research focus in transplantation immunology. Chemokines and their receptors play a role in lymphocyte recruitment and differentiation process. This study aimed to observe whether IL-4 and IL-10 may regulate the expression of chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4(+) T cells in CBA/JxDBA/2 mouse model and to explore the role of CCR3, CCR5, CXCR3 in immune tolerance in pregnancy.

METHODSThe mouse model of spontaneous abortion (CBA/JxDBA/2) and the normal pregnant mouse model (CBA/JxBALB/c) were used. CBA/JxDBA/2 mice were injected with IL-4 (CBA/JxDBA/2-IL-4), IL-4 and IL-10 (CBA/JxDBA/2-IL-4+IL-10), or normal saline (CBA/JxDBA/2-NS) as a control. The expression of CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4(+) T cells from mouse peripheral blood was measured by the double-labelled FCM method, and the embryo resorption rate was also examined.

RESULTSThe embryo resorption rate in the CBA/JxDBA/2 group without any treatment was significantly higher than that in the CBA/JxBALB/c group (17.9% vs 3.7%, P < 0.01). The embryo resorption rate in the CBA/JxDBA/2 group immunized with IL-4 or IL-4 together with IL-10 was significantly decreased, compared with that in the control and NS groups respectively. CCR3 expression on CD4(+) T cells in the CBA/JxDBA/2 group without any treatment was significantly lower than that in the CBA/JxBALB/c group (0.3738 +/- 0.3575 vs 1.2190 +/- 0.2772, P < 0.01); both CCR5 (3.0900 +/- 1.5603 vs 1.2390 +/- 0.6361, P < 0.01) and CXCR3 (2.4715 +/- 0.9074 vs 0.9200 +/- 0.5585, P < 0.01) expressions on CD4(+) T cells of the CBA/JxDBA/2 group without any treatment were significantly higher than those of the CBA/JxBALB/c group. Significant up-regulation of CCR3 and down-regulation of CXCR3 were found in the CBA/JxDBA/2 group treated with IL-4 (CCR3: 2.0360 +/- 0.6944, CXCR3: 1.3510 +/- 0.5263, P < 0.01) or IL-4 and IL-10 (CCR3: 1.8160 +/- 1.0947, CXCR3:1.0940 +/- 0.7168, P < 0.01). Because of the CCR5, IL-4 and IL-10 (1.9400 +/- 0.8504 vs 3.0900 +/- 1.5603, P < 0.05), but IL-4 alone (2.5310 +/- 1.3595 vs 3.0900 +/- 1.5603, P > 0.05) treatment significantly decreased the expression of CCR5 in CBA/JxDBA/2.

CONCLUSIONSThe abnormal expression of CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD4(+) T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion. The pregnancy immune tolerance may be induced through selective induction of CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3 expressions by IL-4 together with IL-10.

Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo Loss ; metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Female ; Interleukin-10 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-4 ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Pregnancy ; Receptors, CCR3 ; metabolism ; Receptors, CCR5 ; metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR3 ; metabolism

This paper introduces the current development and challenges of vision prosthesis.
Prosthesis Design ; Visual Prosthesis

OBJECTIVETo identify gene expression differences between abdominal aorta aneurysm (AAA) and normal abdominal artery.

METHODSFive AAA specimens and five normal abdominal artery specimens were collected. Total RNA was extracted and purified from the samples independently. Then isolated RNA was labeled and hybridized onto the Affymetrix Genechip.

RESULTSOne thousand nine hundreds and sixty-two differently expressed genes were identified in AAA compared with normal abdominal artery, of which 554 genes were up-regulated and 1408 genes were down-regulated. Functional analysis revealed that genes involved in immune response, inflammatory response and chemokines were significantly up-regulated in AAA.

CONCLUSIONThe differently expressed genes may be useful in providing new insights and foster a better understanding of the mechanism of AAA.

Aorta, Abdominal ; metabolism ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

ed in vitro and in vivo,which was inhibited by aspirin treatment.

This paper presents a design of the control system for the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, which is based on S3C2410, and the emphasis is laid on its hardware & software's design. The LCD interface with the function of a touch screen is implemented by the Qt/Embedded graphical interface application programs.
Equipment Design ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Software Design

BACKGROUNDBronchial carcinoids are rare malignant neuroendocrine neoplasms. Some issues regarding surgical treatment of bronchial carcinoids remain controversial, including the role of bronchoplastic surgery and necessity of systematic lymphadenectomy.

METHODSThis retrospective study involved 131 consecutive patients surgically treated for carcinoid tumors at Shanghai Chest Hospital between March 1990 and August 2010.

RESULTSEighty-nine (67.9%) of the patients were male, and the mean age was 46 years, ranging from 17 to 81 years. Preoperative fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in all patients. Endoscopic biopsy was performed in 100 patients with central tumors, and 70 (70%) patients were diagnosed as bronchial carcinoid. The resections performed consisted of 31 pneumonectomie, 32 lobectomies, 26 bilobectomies, 34 sleeve lobectomies, six bronchoplastic procedures without lung resection, and two segmentectomies. During a median of 87 months follow-up, there were nine recurrences including three local recurrences and 6 distant recurrences. No bronchial recurrences were observed. The 3-, 5- and 10-year overall survival rates of pneumonectom and bronchoplastic surgery (including sleeve lobectomy and bronchoplastic procedure without lung resection) were 93.2%, 81.0% and 69.4%, 97.5%, 91.9% and 70.0%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that histology and nodal status were significant independent prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONSBronchoplastic surgery should be considered whenever possible for central carcinoids. Systematic lymphadenectomy is recommended for bronchial carcinoid patients. Histology and nodal status were significant independent prognostic factors of overall survival of patients with bronchial carcinoid.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoid Tumor ; mortality ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome