Objective: To investigate applicability for Boston naming test (30 items) (BNT) in Chinese elderly and identify effect for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia(AD) using BNT. Methods:100 normal elderly, 38 amnesic MCI, 34 mild AD and 38 moderate AD were evaluated by neuropsychological tests (include BNT, mini mental state examination and auditory verbal memory test, etc). MMSE total score of 4 groups were 28.4?1.5, 26.1?2.6, 20.7?1.7, and 15.6?3.3, respectively. Results: Age, sex, level of education were found to be significant factors affecting overall scores of spontaneous naming in normal elderly group. Spontaneous naming score for participants of elementary, high school and college groups were 22.2?3.3, 25.5?2.5 and 26.3?1.8, respectively. Scoring of male participants higher than that of females. Spontaneous naming score of 4 groups were 24.9?3.0, 20.9?3.6, 18.7?4.0 and 15.7?4.2, respectively. As cut-off ≤22 score of spontaneous naming of BNT, the sensitivities for MCI, mild AD and moderate AD were 61%, 79% and 95% respectively; the specificities were all around 81%. Selective impairment of unfamiliar items occurred MCI and mild AD and hold of familiar item across diagnostic groups. Semantic cue naming and recognition ability by BNT showed there was progressive damage in AD patients, but less than that of spontaneous naming of BNT. Conclusion: The ability of naming is influenced by age, gender and educational level. Patients with MCI or mild AD have impairment in naming.

AIM:In order to study the effect of the extracellular domain of cadherin 5 on the growth of a human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB435.METHODS:Cadherin extracellular domain repeats 1 to 4(CED1-4)was cloned by using RT-PCR technique,and inserted into the plasmid vector pMSCV.pMSCV-CED1-4 was propagated in XL-blue strain of Escherichia coli,extracted and purified.CED1-4 was cut by restriction endonuclease,examined by using agar gel electrophoresis,and finally sequenced.CED1-4 gene was transferred into MDA-MB435 cell line.The expression of CED1-4 gene in MDA-MB435 cell was analyzed by methods of RT-PCR and Western blotting.The effect of CED1-4 on the growth of MDA-MB435 cell was observed by the methods of proliferation experiments in vitro and the experiments in nude mice in vivo.RESULTS:The recombinant vector pMSCV-CED1-4 was successfully constructed.CED1-4 band appeared between the 1 636 bp and 1 018 bp in agar gel electrophoresis.The sequence result showed that CED1-4 had 1 452 bp and codes 484 amino acids.PCR and Western blotting identified that CED1-4 mRNA and protein were expressed in the transfected MDA-MB435 cells.Cell proliferation experiments showed that the proliferation rate of MDA-MB435 cells was lower in the experimental group than that in the experimental control group and the blank control group.The mean volume and weight of tumors in nude mice were lower in the experimental group than those in the experimental control group and the blank control group.CONCLUSION:The growth of a human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB435 is inhibited in vitro and in vivo by cadherin 5 extracellular domain CED1-4.

Functional constipation (FC) is a common functional bowel disorder disease that affects life quality of a large number of people. This study aimed to explore the impact of different intensities of electro-acupuncture (EA) treatment for FC patients. Totally, 111 patients with FC meeting the Rome III criteria were randomly assigned to different intensities of EA groups (low and high intensity of EA groups) and medicine-controlled (MC) group. In EA groups, patients were treated with EA at quchi (LI11) and shangjuxu (ST37) bilaterally for 4 weeks, 5 times/week in the first 2 weeks, and 3 times/week in the last 2 weeks. In MC group, 5 mg mosapride citrate was administered orally 3 times/day for 4 weeks. Spontaneous bowel movement frequency each day was recorded using a constipation diary. Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to assess the patients' psychological state. Cortisol (CORT), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of 4 weeks after treatment. As compared with the baseline, there was statistically significant increase in stool frequency every week (P<0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups. As compared with the baseline, after 4 weeks of EA therapy, the scores of SDS and serum levels of CORT were decreased significantly in low intensity of EA group (P<0.01), and the serum levels of SP and VIP were increased significantly (P<0.05); the scores of SAS and SDS and serum levels of CORT were decreased significantly in high intensity of EA group (P<0.05), and the serum levels of SP and VIP were increased significantly (P<0.05); the serum levels of CORT and VIP were increased significantly in MC group (P<0.05). As compared with MC group, after 4 weeks of treatment, the serum levels of SP were signifcicantly increased in low intensity of EA group (P<0.01). Low and high intensities of EA could increase the stool frequency, improve the FC patient's anxiety and depression, reduce the serum levels of CORT, and increase the serum levels of SP and VIP effectively. It is concluded that both low and high intensities of EA are effective for FC patients, but there is no significant difference between the low and high intensities of EA.

Objective To investigate the co-morbid state of mental disorder in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) in a tertiary general hospital in China and explore the risk factors of the co-morbidity of FD and major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods This study was designed as a bilateral evaluation and structural psychiatric interview.Patients with FD and newly diagnosed outpatients with MDD in gastrointestinal and psychological departments were enrolled.FD was defined by Rome Ⅲ criteria.The questionnaires including symptoms of FGIDs Roma Ⅲ,the composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI 3.0) Chinese version,the Hamilton depression/anxiety rating scale (HAMD/HAMA),Montgomery-Asberg depression scale (MADRS) were involved in this study.All patients were administered by well trained physicians and investigators in face to face interview.Results A total of 69 patients have completed the valid questionnaires and interview,among whom 42 met FD criteria (FD group) and 27 with FD co-morbid MDD (co-morbid group).Male to female ratios were 17∶25 and 10∶ 17,the mean age (42.1 ± 13.3) and (43.1 ± 15.3)years respectively.The life-long co-morbidity of FD and MDD was 39.1％ (27/69),while 31.9％ (22/69) patients with FD were accompanied with other mental disorders rather than MDD.Patients in FD co-morbid MDD group had significantly more severe depression than those in FD group with HAMD-17 score 21.6 ± 8.0 and 14.5 ± 7.6,HAMA score 21.2 ± 9.0 and 14.9 ± 7.5 respectively (all P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that high score of MADRS and complication with functional anorectal disorder may be the risk factors of FD co-morbid MDD [OR (95％ CI) 1.12 (1.06-1.19) and 7.07(1.12-44.53)].Conclusions The co-morbidity rate of FD with MDD in our hospital is high.In addition to MDD,other mental disorders also need to be paid attention in FD patients.FD co-morbid MDD patients suffered more severe depression and anxiety.The high score of MADRS and complication with functional anorectal disorder seem to be the risk factors of co-morbidity of FD and MDD.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of auditory verbal memory impairment in mild Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).Methods Auditory verbal memory test was performed in 72 patients with MCI,45 patients with mild AD,and 62 normal controls.Results Significant intergroup differences were found in total former five free recall and learning scores,The MCI subjects( 16.4?5.5,2.6?1.7)performed significantly more poorly than the normal control subjects(NC) (30.2?5.6,3.4?1.9),and mild AD categories (9.8?4.1,2.0?1.2) showed lower results than the MCI subjects(t=2.26,P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of using new tracheal prosthesis made of biomaterials to replace extensive circumferential tracheal defects in mongrel dogs.

METHODSThree types of tracheal prostheses were developed, whose basic skeleton of tubular mesh was knitted with polypropylene monofilament and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) fiber. The inner side of type-I tubular mesh was first coated with polyurethane solution and then with collagen. The exterior of type-I was then immobilized with collagen-hydroxyapatite composites. In contrast, the internal and external walls of type-II were coated with polyurethane solution, which produced a prosthesis similar to a nonporous one, while type-III was coated only with collagen solution. Surgical resection and replacement of a segment of the cervical trachea was performed in 16 adult mongrel dogs. The efficacy of the implanted prosthesis periodically evaluated postoperatively.

RESULTSIn group A, only one died from prosthetic dehiscence, another from anastomotic leakage, and the others had uneventful postoperative courses. The implanted prosthesis was completely incorporated with the recipient trachea, where different length of reepithelialization occurred on the luminal surface of the reconstructed trachea. Macroscopic examination showed scattered and different sizes of neo-ossification surrounding the implanted prosthesis. The prosthesis was roentgenopaque when exposed to routine X rays. In contrast, a relatively high number of complications occurred postoperatively in group B and C.

CONCLUSIONType-I tracheal prosthesis may be used effectively for long-segment circumferential tracheal replacement, and appears very promising for clinical application, with further improvements in promoting the epithelialization.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Collagen ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Polypropylenes ; Polyurethanes ; Prostheses and Implants ; adverse effects ; Prosthesis Design ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Trachea ; surgery

Cold Temperature ; Dinoprost ; analogs & derivatives ; urine ; Dust ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; urine ; Thromboxane B2 ; analogs & derivatives ; urine ; Weather

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of the superficial venous trunk (SVT) and its nourishing vessels on early revascularization of the reverse-flow random flap in order to provide theoretical evidences for clinical applications.

METHODSThe morphologic changes of micrangium of the reverse-flow random flap with SVT and without SVT were observed at different phases and compared by optical microscopy and stereological methods.

RESULTSThe micrangium density of the flaps with SVT and without SVT showed a tendency of increasing at 3 days after the operation. At 5 to 10 days, the micrangium density of the flap with SVT was much higher than the flap without SVT. There was significant difference between the two groups, which was proved by the optical microscopy observation.

CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that SVT and its nourishing vessels could promote early revascularization of the flap after transplantation. The SVT can be of benefit to the survival of the reverse-flow random flap.

Animals ; Graft Survival ; Microcirculation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Veins ; transplantation

OBJECTIVETo determine if pathologic examination can be useful in both diagnosing cervical paraganglioma and deducing its vagal origin.

METHODSFour cases of vagal paraganglioma were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, with clinical and radiologic (computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging) correlation.

RESULTSAll patients were females and complained of upper neck mass with symptoms and signs of vagus nerve involvement, such as hoarseness of voice, ipsilateral vocal cord dysfunction and cough induced by drinking or local pressure. Radiological examination showed a tumor mass over the common carotid artery bifurcation, lying between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein. On gross inspection, the stump of the resected vagus nerve could be identified, with nerve bundles splaying over the tumor surface. Microscopically, the tumors showed a relatively uniform nesting arrangement (Zellballen pattern) of cells and were associated with rich sinusoidal vessels and fibrous stroma. Multiple myelinated nerve fibers were present in stroma and fibrous capsule of the tumor. Sometimes, invasion of nerve trunk by tumor cells was seen. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed diffuse positivity for chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin. There was no expression of cytokeratin. The sustentacular cells and nerve bundles were highlighted by S-100 protein.

CONCLUSIONIn addition to the microscopic accurate diagnosis of paraganglioma, histopathologists can be of help in deducing the vagal origin of this tumor.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paraganglioma ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vagus Nerve Diseases ; pathology

Objective:To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Problem Area in Diabetes Scale (PAID) for assessing diabetes-related distress in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods:Totally 203 outpatients with type 2 diabetes from a tertiary hospital in Beijing were selected. They were assessed with PAID,Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17),Patient Health Questionaire-9(PHQ-9),World Health Organization Five item Well-Being Index (WHO-5 ),Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)and HbA1 C. Item analysis and exploratory factoranalysis were conducted to test constructive validity. Concurrent validity was evaluated by the correlation coeffi-cients with the other instruments mentioned above. Totally 3 1 subjects were retested 4 weeks later to obtain the test-retest reliability. Results:Exploratory factor analysis produced 4 factors,including emotional,therapeutic,diet and perceived society support problems specific to diabetics. The total variance contribution ratio was 64. 33%. Except i-tem 7 and 20,no item was across two factors. The correlation coefficients of each item with relevant subscale score ranged from 0. 67 to 0. 86. The PAID scores were positively correlated with the scores of HAMD-17,PHQ-9 and HbA1C (r=0. 48,0. 43,0. 21,P<0. 001 or 0. 01),and negatively correlated with WHO-5 scores (r=-0. 46,P<0. 001). The Cronbach's αcoefficients were 0. 94 for the total scale and 0. 81 -0. 88 for the 4 subscales. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0. 65 for the total scale and 0. 53-0. 73 for the 4 subscales. Conclusion:The validi-ty and reliability of the Problem Area in Diabetes Scale are acceptable in Chinese mainland,and can be available to assess the stress related to diabetics.