Objective To study the triterpene saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum with antitumor activities.Methods The 75% EtOH extract of G.pentaphyllum was used for isolation by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC.The structures of pure compounds isolated were identified by the spectral analysis and chemical evidence.Results Two compounds were isolated and identified as 23(S)-3β,20ξ,21ξ-trihydroxy-19-oxo-21,23-epoxydammar-24-ene 3-O-α-L-rhanmopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→β)]-β-D-arabinopyranoside(1)and23(S)-21(R)-O-n-butyl-3β,20ξ-dihydroxy-21,23-epoxydammar-24-ene 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-D-xylo-pyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-arabinopyrannside(2).Conclusion Compound 2 is a new triterpene saponin with moderate antitumor activities against the HL-60,Colon205,and Du145 cell lines.

To explore the effects of nutritional risks on clinical outcomes [length of stay (LOS),hospitalization expense & mortality] in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.A total of 127 CKD patients completed the screening of nutritional risks by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) within 24-48 hours of admission.The data of nutritional supports within 2 weeks of admission,LOS,hospitalization expense and mortality were collected.① Among them,the prevalence of nutritional risks was 18.1％.And the values were 8.2％,9.4％ and 44.1％ in early,middle and advanced CKD groups respectively; ② LOS and hospitalization expense in nutritional risk group were significantly more than the non-nutritional risk group (12.5 d vs.5.2 d,P =0.00 ; 11 806 vs.5311 yuan,P =0.00).There was a positive correlation between NRS score and LOS or hospitalization expense; ③ The nutritional support rate of nutritional risk group was only 17.4％.The progression of CKD increased the nutritional risks leading to greater LOS and hospitalization expense.We should pay more attention to the nutritional risk screening and nutritional intervention in moderate-advanced CKD patients.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the blood concentration monitoring data of 4 commonly used antiepileptic drugs(AEDs, sodium phenytoin,carbamazepine,sodium valproic acid,oxcarbazepine)in order to provide reference for rational use of drugs in the clinic. METHODS:415 patients underwent 4 AEDs blood concentration monitoring were selected from our hospital during 2014-2015,and the results of blood concentration monitoring were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:There were 680 cases of AE-Ds blood concentration monitoring in total. The main objects of serum concentration monitoring were young and middle-aged(range from 19 to 60),involving 449 cases in total(66.03%). 360 cases were in the normal range(52.94%). Among 361 patients receiving single drug therapy,the rates of serum concentration in the normal range were 80.77%for carbamazepine,which was higher than oth-er 3 AEDs(30.00% for sodium phenytoin,47.40% for sodium valproic acid and 40.38% for oxcarbazepine),with statistical signifi-cance(P<0.05). Among 54 patients receiving combination therapy,the serum concentration monitoring data of 67.65%patients treat-ed with double-combination therapy and 100%patients treated with triple-combination therapy deviated from normal range. CONCLU-SIONS:The rate of AEDs blood concentration reaching the normal range are in low level in our hospital. It’s necessary to strengthen medication education for patients to improve the compliance of patients;clinical efficacy of AEDs is evaluated on the basis of blood concentration monitoring and clinical symptom,and combination therapy should be avoided as much as possible.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Pingchuan Mixture (PCM) on plasma eosinophil cation protein (ECP), interleukin-5 in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory cell count in experimental guinea pigs with asthma.

METHODSThe eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte count were conducted by conventional method, IL-5 was detected by ELISA and ECP determined by RIA.

RESULTSLevels of eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, ECP and IL-5 after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, the difference between groups treated respectively by PCM, aminophylline, dexamethasone and Dingchuan Zhike Tablet was insignificant.

CONCLUSIONPCM could treat asthma by reducing the inflammatory cell count, ECP and IL-5.

Animals ; Asthma ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Blood Proteins ; metabolism ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Eosinophil Granule Proteins ; Eosinophils ; metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Interleukin-5 ; metabolism ; Ovalbumin ; Ribonucleases ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the effects of curcumin on the expression of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the rats with type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 160-180 g,were used in this study.Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet for 8 weeks and intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) 35 mg/kg and confirmed by fasting blood glucose level ≥ 16.7 mmol/L 3 days later.Type 2 DNPwas confirmed by the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) measured on day 14 after STZ administration less than 80％ of the baseline value.Eighty-one rats with type 2 DNP were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =27 each) using a random number table:DNP group,DNP + curcumin group (DCur group),and DNP+ solvent group (group DSC).In DCur and DSC groups,curcumin 100 mg· kg-1 · d-1 and corn oil 4 ml · kg-1 · d-1 were injected intraperitonally,respectively,for 14 consecutive days starting from the day 14 after STZ administration.Another 27 normal male Sprague-Dawley rats served as control group (group C) and were fed with normal forage.MWT and TWL were measured before STZ injection,at day 14 after STZ injection,and on 3,7 and 14 days after curcumin injection.RAGE positive cells were determined by immuno-histochemistry and the expression of RAGE by Western blot in the spinal dorsal horn and DRG after MWT and TWL were measured on 3,7 and 14 days after curcumin injection.Results Compared with group C,MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at 14 days after STZ injection and each time point after curcumin injection,the rate of RAGE positive cells in the spinal dorsal horn and DRG was increased at each time point after curcumin injection,and the expression of RAGE was up-regulated in the spinal dorsal horn at each time point after curcumin injection and in the DRG at 7 and 14 days after curcumin injection in group DNP.Compared with group DNP,MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at each time point after curcumin injection,the rate of RAGE positive cells in the spinal dorsal horn and DRG was significantly decreased at 7 and 14 days after curcumin injection,and the expression of RAGE was down-regulated in the spinal dorsal horn at each time point after curcumin injection and in the DRG at 7 and 14 days after curcumin injection in group DCur,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group DSC.Conclusion The mechanism by which curcumin attenuates DNP may be related to inhibition of up-regulated expression of RAGE in the spinal dorsal horn and DRG of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To evaluate the effect of curcumin on the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats with type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP).Methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet and intraperitoneal streptozotocin 35 mg/kg,and confirmed by fasting blood glucose level ≥ 16.7 mmol/L in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Type 2 DNP was confirmed by the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdraw latency (TWL) measured on day 14 after streptozotocin administration ＜ 80％ of the baseline value.The rats were then randomly divided into 3 groups (n =27 each):type 2 DNP group (group DNP); curcumin group (group Cur); solvent control group (group SC).In Cur and SC groups,curcumin 100 mg/kg and corn oil 4 ml/kg were injected intraperitonally,respectively,once a day for 14 consecutive days starting from day 14 after streptozotocin administration.Another 27 normal Sprague-Dawley male rats served as control group (group C) and were fed with normal forage.MWT and TWL were measured before type 2 DNP was induced,after type 2 DNP was induced,and at 3,7 and 14 days after curcumin injection(T1-5).The rats were sacrificed after MWT and TWL were measured at T3-5,and the lumbar segments of the spinal cord and DRG (L4-6) were removed for determination of the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened,and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in the spinal dorsal horn and DRG was up-regulated in DNP,Cur and SC groups.Compared with DNP group,MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged,and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in the spinal dorsal horn and DRG was down-regulated in Cur group,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in SC group.Conclusion The mechanism by which curcumin attenuates type 2 DNP may be related to up-regulation of the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the spinal dorsal horns and DRG of rats.

Objective: To discuss the effect of intensive insulin therapy on D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase level in patients with sepsis.Methods: 48 patients was divided into control group and conventional group randomly.Content of D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase in serum was detected with absorption spectrometry before and after therapy.Result: D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase in patients decreased significantly in control group compared to that of conventional group.Conclusion: Insulin can depress interstinal permeability and ameliorate sepsis symptom resulted from bacterial translocation from intestine.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the combined electrical stimulation and nursing interventions for female stress urinary incontinence.Methods The study is qusi-experimental design.48 patients with stress urinary incontinence were allocated to the intervention group and the control group with 24 patients in each group.The control group was given electrical stimulation,the intervention group was given 12-week electrical stimulation and comprehensive nursing interventions.The outcome indicators were 1-hour pad test urine loss,pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength,the grade of subjective urinary incontinence,quality of life (I-QOL).Results Compared with the control group,no significant subjective urinary incontinence score was seen,but pelvic floor muscle (PFM ) strength and the score of the QOL evidently improved and 1-hour pad test urine loss decreased in the intervention group.Conclusions Combined electrical stimulation and nursing interventions for female stress urinary incontinence is effective treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of different Chinese herbs on cell proliferation and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP)expression in chondrocyte culture.Methods Chondrocytes isolated from rabbit knee cartilage were cultured for 3 generations with the density of 2?10~4/cm~2 and were verified by collagenⅡimmunohistochemical staining.Rabbit sera containing herbs were obtained after animals orally ad- ministrated herbs at the dosage equivalent to human.At 5% and 10% serum density,cells were cultured in the medium that contained liver-softening herbal compound sera.Subgroups setting at 1,3 and 5 hours after herb intervention were observed.Rabbit and bovine sera were control groups.Seven days after intervention,chon- drocytes proliferation was observed using the MTT assay kit.For the study of COMP expression,chondrocytes were isolated from human knee cartilage supematant.Superuatant COMP level was tested by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays(ELISA)after directly adding compound and extract from liver-softening herbs to the culture at the final concentration of 10 mg/ml for 3 days.Results Liver-softening herbal compound group had significant effect on cell proliferation compared to control,of which,3-hour subgroup was more significant than 1-and 5-hour subgroups(P

In order to explore the feasibility and protective efficiency of influenza DNA vaccine, we constructed eukaryotic expressing plasmids encoding HA and HA1 of influenza A virus (A/PR/8/34) and studied their expression in HEK293 cells. HA and HA1 genes were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pcDNA3.1(+) to generate pcDNA3.1(+)/HA and pcDNA3.1(+)/HA1, respectively. After verification of the cloning fidelity by restriction endonuclease digestion, PCR, and sequencing, pcDNA3.1(+)/HA and pcDNA3.1(+)/HA1 were transfected into HEK293 cells using PolyFect Transfection Reagent. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the transient expressing cells. Fluorescence microscopy revealed strong expression of target gene in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with either pcDNA3.1(+)/HA or pcDNA3.1(+)/HA1. Therefore, the results confirm the successful construction of eukaryotic expressing plasmids capable of driving the eukaryotic expression of influenza virus antigen HA and HA1, which is likely to provide a basis for both further investigation of the mechanism of influenza viral infection and the development of influenza DNA vaccine.