Objective: To discuss the effect of non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in renal artery imaging. Methods:Twenty patients were selected with suspected as the research object, using non-contrast-enhanced MR examination, simultaneously enhanced MR examination, and relatively non-enhanced imaging examination effect on the results for statistical analysis and processing. Results: Non-contrast-enhanced ratio comparing contrast-enhanced, not statistically significant (x2=1.058, P>0.05). Conclusion:Non-contrast MR angiography is an effective, safe, non-invasive, high accuracy of the evaluation of renal artery screening tool, worthy of clinical application.

Objective To assess the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Methods Six volunteers, 32 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 13 patients with biopsy-proven prostatic cancer underwent MR imaging. Dynamic MR with Gd-DTPA (gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) bolus enhancement was performed followed by post-contrast T 1-weighed imaging. The signal intensive value in dynamic MRI was measured and calculated to draw the time-signal intensity curve of normal peripheral zone, prostatic cancer and benign hyperplasia. Results In dynamic MRI, the normal peripheral zone were enhanced mildly and slowly. The lesion enhancement of benign prostatic hyperplasia in 32 patients were obvious in early phase (60 s) and strengthened gradually, and then went to decrease in late phase (240 s) after peak value. The lesions in 9 of 13 cases with prostate cancer were enhanced obviously in early phase (60 s) and washed out rapidly in late phase, and the peak value was located on early phase. Conclusions In dynamic MRI, the enhancement of normal peripheral zone, prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia were different significantly. Dynamic MRI was very useful in the diagnosis and differentiation of prostate cance.

AIM: To investigate the effects of ?-elemene,extracted from curcuma wenyujin,on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human multiple myeloma RPMI-8226 cells. METHODS: The effect of ?-elemene on the growth of human multiple myeloma RPMI-8226 cells was studied through MTT assay,cell cycle and apoptosis was studied by combined Annexin-V protein iodide staining,The morphological changes was studied by combining Hoechst33342-PI staining. RESULTS: ?-elemene inhibited the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells in a time-and dose- dependent manner. Compared with the control cells,the proportions of the RPMI-8226 cells in the G0 /G1 phase rose,and the proportions of the RPMI-8226 cells in the S and G2 /M phases fell decreased. RPMI-8226 cells treated with ?-elemene for 48 h induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: ?-elemene is able to inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells by arresting the cell cycle and inducing the cell apoptosis.

Objectives Aspidin BB, a typical phloroglucinol derivative from Dryopteris fragrans, possesses significant antifungal property. This study aimed to investigate potential mechanism of antifungal activity of Aspidin BB against Trichophyton rubrum which is the most common pathogens responsible for chronic dermatophytosis. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Aspidin BB against strains was determined by broth microdilution. The effects of Aspidin BB on ergosterol biosynthesis were investigated by content determination based on UPLC method. Besides, the effects of drugs on squalene epoxidase (SE) in T. rubrum cell membrane were analyzed. Results MIC value of Aspidin BB against T. rubrum was 25.0 μg/mL. Aspidin BB reduced ergosterol content significantly, but no notable effect on squalene epoxidase activity. Conclusion The results suggested that Aspidin BB inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis. However, it was not squalene epoxidase but other components may sever as possible targets in ergosterol biosynthesis pathway.

Objective:To analyze the early changes of gene expression levels and signaling pathways in 661W cell line under hypoxic conditions and to find potential functional target genes.Methods:The cultured mouse 661W cells were divided into hypoxia treatment group and normoxia control group. Cells in the hypoxia treatment group were cultured in a three-gas incubator with volume fraction of 1% and 5% CO 2 at 37 ℃. Cells in the normoxia control group were cultured in an incubator at 37 ℃ with volume fraction of 5% CO 2. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the transcriptome of 661W cell treated with hypoxia and normoxia for 4 hours to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEG). Clustering heat map analysis, gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis were performed. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to verify the accuracy of the sequencing results. Results:A total of 506 differentially expressed genes were screened, including 459 up-regulated genes and 47 down-regulated genes. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the main biological processes of DEG were the cell's response to hypoxia, glycolysis, negative regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α pathway, glycolysis, Forkhead box O (FoxO) pathway, Insulin signaling pathway and Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway were involved in the above process. PPI analysis results showed that hub genes related to hypoxia were Aldoa, Aldoc, Gpi1, Hk2, Hk1, Pfkl, Pfkp, Vhl, Fbxo10 and Fbxo27. The RT-PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of 15 DEG mRNA in the hypoxic treatment group were higher than that of the normoxic control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 ( Ndrg1 ), Mt1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGFA) were time-dependent on hypoxia. Conclusions:Under hypoxia, DEG is mainly related to glucose metabolism, cell response to hypoxia, regulation of proliferation and apoptosis. HIF-1α pathway, glycolysis, FoxO pathway and AMPK pathway are involved in the early changes of 661W cells under hypoxia. Aldoa, Aldoc, Gpi1, Hk2, Hk1, Pfkl, Pfkp, Vhl, Fbxo10, Fbxo27 may play key roles in the response of 661W cells to hypoxia. Ndrg1, Mt1 and VEGFA could be potential functional target genes for the study of ischemia and hypoxia-related fundus diseases.

Objective: To investigate the effect of polypeptide extract from scorpion venom (PESV) on the matrix metalloproteinase2（MMP2）and matrix metalloproteinase9（MMP9）expression in leukemia-NOD/SCID mice, and the intervention mechanism of PESV in the multiplication and infiltration of leukemic cells thereof. Methods: In order to establish the animal model of outer marrow infiltration of human leukemia，bone marrow mononuclear cells of leukemia patients, irradiated 270 cGy on body by ~(137)Cs, were injected into NOD/SCID mice. The mice were randomly divided into five groups. The groups I, II and III were treated with different concentrations of PESV. Group Ⅳ was the model group injected by the normal saline solution. GroupⅤ was taken as control. The peripheral white blood cell count and blood smear were observed in groups. All of the mice were killed after four-week observation and MMP2 and MMP9 expressions were examined using Real timePCRmethod. Results: The expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were significantly lower in group I, group II and group III than that of the model group(P < 0.05). The expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were related to the concentration of PESV. Moreover, the peripheral white blood cell count and blood smear were more normal in mice treated with PESV than those of mice of model group. Conclusion: PESV inhibited the overexpression of MMP2 and MMP9 in leukemia-NOD/SCID mice, which significantly inhibited the multiplication and infiltration of leukemic cells.

Objective To evaluate the influence of dosage,operation method,adverse reaction of endoscopic photodynamic therapy (EPDT) on its therapeutic efficacy in rabbit models of in-situ rectal cancer,so as to provide preclinical basis of photodynamic therapy for rectal cancer.Methods 20 rabbits with in-situ VX2 rectal cancer were randomly divided into control group,PDT low dose group,intermediate dose group,and high dose group.At 24 h before PDT,photosensitizer (hermimether) was intravenously injected into rabbits.630 nm semiconductor laser was used as light source.The growth of the tumor was observed by conventional endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography,and the survival time,general conditions and adverse reactions were recorded.The histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results At 7 d after PDT,the total response rates of low dose,intermediate dose and high dose group respectively were 40％ (slight),80％ (60％ remarkable and 20％ slight),100％ (20％ remarkable and 80％ slight).The average survival times of the three groups were 14 d,10 d and 5 d,respectively.The main adverse reactions were inflammation,intestinal obstruction,intestinal peristalsis loss and death.Conclusions The dosage of PDT is an important factor to influence the curative effect.The appropriate dose of PDT will have a better effect on the treatment of rectal cancer.A thorough study of these problems is helpful to the clinical application of PDT in the treatment of rectal cancer.

There are two serious obstacles to tumor immunotherapy. Firstly, the immune response of the tumor is seriously reduced due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM) and low immunogenicity of tumor. The second obstacle is the dense and complex heterogeneous structures, which seriously prevent the nanoparticles (NPs) from penetrating deeper into tumor tissue. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective method to enhance tumor immune activity. However, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) after ICD induction would increase the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and enhance ITM. IDO1 siRNA would reduce the expression of IDO1 protein, regulate the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and regulate ITM, so as to enhance the ICD effect of DOX. In this paper, a novel charge conversional, particle size reduction and highly penetrable NPs based on a pH sensitive copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-poly-L-lysine-2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (mPEG-PLL-DMA, PLD) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers to achieve deep delivery of tumor tissue. DOX and IDO1 siRNA were encapsulated to achieve efficient tumor immunotherapy. Preparation and cell level experiments showed that PLD material had significant pH sensitivity. Results of 3D tumor penetrable experiment in vitro showed that adding the pH sensitive material PLD significantly improved the permeability of the preparation. In addition, 4T1 tumor model was established for BALB/c mice and all animal experiments were displayed in according with the requirements of the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. The results of in vivo efficacy experiments and tissue experiments evaluated that IDO1 siRNA significantly improved the ICD effect owing to DOX, so as to significantly inhibit tumor growth.

Background Recently,whether the epithelial flaps should be removed or preserved during the Epi-LASIK and its affection on clinical results are concerned.Objecfive This system analysis was to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness between on-flap Epi-LASIK and off-flap epi-LASIK for myopia. Methods A systematic literature retfieval was conducted in the MEDLINE,EMBase,Coehrane Library,CBM disc,CNKI from 2003 through 2009.The possible differences in reepithelization time,pain sensation,and haze after surgery were compared between on-flap and off-flap Epi-LASIK for myopia.The statistical analysis was performed using a RevMan 4.2 software.The data was extracted,and the methodological quality was evaluated by two reviewers independently with weighted mean difierence(WMD)for the effectiveness analysis and odds ratio(OR)for counting variable.The quality of included literature was scored according to the Jadad Scale. Results A total of 8 studies involving 251 patients(502 eyes)were included in the meta-analysis.Of these eight studies.five studies were randomized clinical trials and the other three studies were retrospective cohort studies.Compared with on-flap Epi-LASIK group,off-flap Epi-LASIK group had a better postoperative outcome in the mean reepithelization time(WMD=1.32,95％CI-1.82to-0.82,P<0.01)and pain scores at 3,5 day(WMD=-O.99,95％CI-1.71 to-0.28,P(0.01)(WMD=-0.94.95％CI-1.35 to-0.54,P<0.01)after surgery.No significant difierenees were found in the eye numbers of haze at 1 month(OR=0.62,95％C1 0.34 to 1.12,P=0.11),3 months(OR=0.70,95％C1 0.31 to 1.55,P=0.38)and 6 months(OR=1.14,95％C1 0.58 to 2.26,P=0.71)between these two types of operation.The pain scores at the first day after surgery was not significantly different between these two groups(WMD=-0.17,95％CI -0.55 to 0.20,P=0.37). Conclusion The effectiveness of off-flap Epi-LASIK is superior to on-flap Epi-LASIK for myopia.Some high-quality randomlizd and control studies are needed for the further clinical evaluation.

Objective To observe the primary clinical results of Gore （R） Viabahn endoprosthesis for atherosclerotic stenosis or occlusion in superficial femoral artery (SFA).Methods From March 2013 to November 2013,45 consecutive patients (54 limbs) who had ischemic symptom due to stenosis or occlusion of superficial femoral artery were treated by endovascular deployment of Gore （R） Viabahn endoprosthesis.We observed patency rate,improvement of Rutherford classification and ankle-brachial index,limb salvage rate and survival rate after 1,3 and 6 months.Results 43 patients (52 limbs)were followed-up,among which 32 patients(38 limbs)belonged to TASC Ⅱ type C or type D lesion.The mean (± SD) length of treated segment in 52 limbs was(19 ±4)cm.The rate of postoperative patency on duplex ultrasonography:one month,3 months and 6 months were 96.15％ (50 limbs),92.31％ (48 limbs)and 90.38％ (47 limbs) ; Ankle-brachial index increased from(0.32 ±0.20)to(0.68 ±0.18) (t =3.180,P ＜ 0.005) after 6 months ; at 6 months limb salvage rate was 96.08 percent (49 limbs),and survival rate was 97.67％ (42 patients).Conclusions Implantation of Gore （R） Viabahn endoprosthesis in atherosclerotic stenotic or occluded superficial femoral artery safely achieves a definite primary clinical effectiveness.