ObjectiveTo observe the expressions of Caspase-9,Caspase-3, cytochrome C and their relationships, and investigate apoptotic mechanisms in hippocampus of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were used in the present study. The single-prolonged stress (SPS)-method was used to set up the rat PTSD models. There were six groups:after SPS 1 day,4 days,7 days,14 days,28 days groups and control group. The expressions of caspase-9, Caspase-3 and Cytochrome C proteins were detected with immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent results showed that the expression of cytochrome C peaked at 4 days and maintained higher level at 7days after SPS. Expressions of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were increased and peaked at 7days after SPS. Western blotting results showed that compared with control group, cytochrome C protein was up-regulated and peaked at 4 days after SPS in the cytosol. Compared with the control group, cytochrome C tended to decrease in mitochondrial fractions. The activated form of Caspase-9 and caspase-3 were not detected in control group. They were present in model groups. Cleaved- caspase-9 and cleaved-caspase-3 peaked at 7 days after SPS, and then gradually decreased at 14 days. Conclusion The neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of PTSD rats may be one of the causes inducing hippocampus atrophy. Mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is involved in apoptosis in the hippocampus of PTSD rats.

Objective To investigate expression changes of nuclear receptors-glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in the locus ceruleus neurons of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)like rats. Methods Sixty adult healthy male Wistar rats were enrolled in the experiment. PTSD-like rat model was established by single prolonged stress (SPS). There was no SPS stimulation in the control group and the rats of the other five groups were undisturbedly raised for 24 hours, 4 days,7 days,14 days and 28 days respectively after SPS stimulation.The expressions of glucocorticoid receptors in the locus ceruleus nucleus of all groups were detected with Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry,Western blotting and PCR, and image analysis and statistical analysis were performed. Results GR was distributed in the nucleus of coeruleus neurons, GR expression was showed after 24 hours, 4 days, 7 days treatment and gradually increased, restorative downregulation was seen after 14 days and 28 days, but still high(P<0.05). Conclusion After SPS, the GR locus ceruleus temporarily increased and then lowered, suggesting that PTSD rat locus coeruleus neurons in nuclear receptor-GR expression changes may directly involve in the continuing spirit of PTSD symptoms occurred in the development process.

Objective To observe the expression of cytochrome C (Cyt C)and apoptosis-related gene Bax in hippocampus of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)rats in order to investigate their effects and relationships. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were used in the present study. The single-prolonged stress(SPS)-method was carried out to set up the rat PTSD models. There were six groups:after SPS 1,4,7,14,28 days groups and control group. The expression of Cyt C and Bax proteins were detected with immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence, confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blotting. Results The expression of Cyt C peaked at 4 days and maintained higher level at 7 days after SPS. At 7 days after SPS, strong immunoreactivity of Bax was noticed,At 14 days after SPS, the expression of Bax was down-regulated and then gradually decreased. Conclusion Bax is upregulated and promotes the releasing of Cyt C. And the releasing of Cyt C may be one of mechanisms of inducing apoptosis in the hippocampus of PTSD rats.

Thirty patients with ulcerative rectitis were treated by lavement of balsalazide sodium solution combined with Xileisan (test group).The results were compared with those treated by salazosulfapyridine (SASP) suppository (control Ⅰ group, n = 25 ) and those treated by lavement of prednisolone and tinidazole (control Ⅱ group, n =28).The complete remission rate and effective rate were 67% (20/30)and 90% (27/30), 36% (9/25) and 60% (15/25), 68% (19/28) and 86% (24/28) for test group, control Ⅰ group and control Ⅱ group, respectively.The efficacy of test group and control Ⅱ group was better than that of control Ⅰ group (P ＜ 0.05).The least side effects occurred in test group ( P ＜0.05).The recurrence rates of 3 groups were 20% (4/20), 2/9 and 5/19, respectively.Lavement of balsalazide sodium solution combined with Xileisan is effective for ulcerative rectitis with less side effects.

The fusion gene between echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has recently been identified as a new molecular target of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ clinical trials have observed remarkably clinical efficacy of ALK inhibitors in NSCLC patients harboring EML4-ALK translocations, with response rates exceeding ＞ 80%. Investigation of EML4-ALK's biological functions and its correlation with clinical characteristics may shed some light on a new treatment strategy for NSCLC.

Objective To investigate relationships between the expression of Bcl-2,Bax protein and neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) rats.Methods The SPS-method was used to set up the rat PTSD models.There were five groups:after SPS 1d,4d,7d,14d groups and control group.Apoptotic cells were detected by electron microscopy and TUNEL method.The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were detected with immunohistochemistry,double fluorescent,confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blotting.Results Apoptotic cells were present in hippocampus of PTSD rats.The number of apoptotic cells increased with the development of PTSD and peaked on the 7th day after SPS,then decreased gradually.The expression of Bcl-2 protein peaked on the 4th day after SPS and Bax protein peaked on the 7th day after SPS,then decreased gradually.The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax increased at the beginning and then gradually decreased.Conclusion The neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of PTSD rats may be one of reasons inducing hippocampus atrophy.The increase of Bcl-2 and Bax protein and the change of Bcl-2/Bax ratio would play an important role in regulating the hippocampal neuronal survival or death during posttraumatic stress disorder.

BACKGROUND:Renal tubular-interstitial lesion and fibrosis induced by peritubular capil ary reduction is a common pathway for various chronic kidney diseases which eventual y develop into end-stage renal failure. How to increase the density of peritubular capil ary network is the key to resolving renal interstitial fibrosis. Netrin-1, as a potent mitogen of vascular endothelial cel s, can promote the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cel s and induce angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE:To observe the protective effects of naked netrin-1 plasmid transfer on the remnant renal function of 5/6 nephrectomized rats and the effects of naked netrin-1 plasmid transfer on peritubular capil ary network, and to further discuss the possible mechanism. METHODS:Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, model and treatment groups. Upper and lower one-third of the rat left kidney was resected in the model and treatment groups, and then the right kidney was resected after 1 week to prepare remnant kidney models in rats. IRES2-EGFP and pCMV6-XL5-Netrin-1-IRES2-EGFP pGenesil-NPs plasmids were intravenously injected into the left renal vein while resecting the right kidney of rats in the model and treatment groups, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with model group, the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine decreased, the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis al eviated, the density of peritubular capil aries increased, and the netrin-1 protein expression in renal tubular cytoplasm increased in the treatment group. These findings suggest that the naked netrin-1 plasmid transfer can significantly improve the renal function of the 5/6 nephrectomized rats, reduce the pathological lesion and renal interstitial fibrosis of the remnant kidney, increase the density of peritubular capil aries, and decrease the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, thereby improving the anoxic condition of renal interstitial tubules.

Muscle recently has been identified as a good source of adult stem cells that can differentiate into cells of different lineages.Researchers have identified two types of stem cells in skeletal muscle.Further research is necessary to delineate the relationship between different populations of musclederived stem cells(MDSCs)and between MDSCs and other adult stem cells.The methods used to isolate these cells appear to influence the stem cell characteristics.As these efforts continue,the potential for MDSCsbased therapy for other musculoskeletal injuries,as well as for cardiac and smooth muscle injuries,is currently being explored.The behavior,biocharacteristic,isolation,differentiation and the probability of application to regenerate lost or diseased tissue of MDSCs were summarized.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of CIK on the proliferation of Lewis lung carcinoma cell line and the growth of transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6N mice in vivo.Methods CIK cells were induced by culturing PBMC with regular method.The proliferation of Lewis lung carcinoma cells was measured by MTT assay.Uhramicrostrueture of Lewis lung carcinoma cells was observed under a transmission electron microscope.Flowcytometric analysis was used to detect cell apoptosis.Ultrastructural observation expressions of FasL were individually determined by MTT and immunocytochemistry(ICC) analysis.Results Electron microscopic observations sbowed that CIK cells could induce the hepatoma cells to apoptosis.Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that apoptosis cells of Lewis lung carcinoma were increased in CIK group compared with those in the control group.FasL expression on CIK increased.Cytotoxieity was blocked after addition of anti-FasmAb.Conclusion CIK has inhibitory effect on Lewis lung carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo.CIK cells can induce the apoptosis of Lewis lung carcinoraa cells.and Fas/FasL pathway plays an important role in apoptosis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells by CIK.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the administration of intracoronary diltiazem before the occurrence of no-reflow during direct PCI. Mtthods One hundred and thirty four AMI patients hospitalized from June 2001 to November 2003 were selected as research objects. 60 patients with AMI received intracoronary diltiazem before the occurrence of no-reflow during direct PCI. 74 AMI patients did not receive intracoronary diltiazem and were enrolled as control subjects. Patients with refractory low blood pressure and complete atrioventricular block before PCI were excluded. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade, corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) were assessed during angiography, before and after PCI. Results The two groups had similar baseline. There were significant difference in post-PCI no reflow assessment (P = 0.04) and CTFC (P = 0.00). Conclusion Early administration of intracoronary diltiazem during direct PCI reduces the no reflow occurrence.