OBJECTIVE:To apply the kinetic turbidimetric Limulus test to the endotoxin assay of Levocarnitine sodium chloride injection.METHODS:The16-fold dilution of Levocarnitine sodium chloride injection was prepared.The content of bacterial endotoxin in Levocarnitine sodium chloride injection was determined with kinetic turbidimetric Limulus test after screen test and validation test.RESULTS:The16-fold dilution of Levocarnitine sodium chloride injection was effective to e?liminate the interference in Limulus test.The average recovery was in the range of50%～200%.CONCLUSION:The kinetic turbidimetric Limulus test provides a new and quick method for the quantitative determination of bacterial endotoxin in Levo?carnitine sodium chloride injection.

Blood Cell Count ; Child ; Fever ; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis

Objective To investigate relationships between the expression of Bcl-2,Bax protein and neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) rats.Methods The SPS-method was used to set up the rat PTSD models.There were five groups:after SPS 1d,4d,7d,14d groups and control group.Apoptotic cells were detected by electron microscopy and TUNEL method.The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were detected with immunohistochemistry,double fluorescent,confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blotting.Results Apoptotic cells were present in hippocampus of PTSD rats.The number of apoptotic cells increased with the development of PTSD and peaked on the 7th day after SPS,then decreased gradually.The expression of Bcl-2 protein peaked on the 4th day after SPS and Bax protein peaked on the 7th day after SPS,then decreased gradually.The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax increased at the beginning and then gradually decreased.Conclusion The neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of PTSD rats may be one of reasons inducing hippocampus atrophy.The increase of Bcl-2 and Bax protein and the change of Bcl-2/Bax ratio would play an important role in regulating the hippocampal neuronal survival or death during posttraumatic stress disorder.

Objective To explore the clinical value of total laparoscopic hysterectomy(TLH).Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 38 cases of TLH(Laparoscopic Group)and 40 cases of total abdominal hysterectomy(Open Group)from November 2005 to October 2006 in our hospital,to compare operative time,intraoperative blood loss,the incidence of postoperative pyrexia,recovery time of bowel movement,and hospital stay in both groups.Results The operative time in the Laparoscopic Group(85.8?13.8)min was significantly shorter than that in the Open Group(99.3?9.3)min(t=-5.923,P=0.000).The blood loss was significantly less in the Laparoscopic Group(105.8?32.4)ml than that in the Open Group(166.0?67.4)ml(t=-4.930,P=0.000).The incidence of postoperative pyrexia was distinctively lower in the Laparoscopic Group(3 cases)than that in the Open Group(15 cases)(?2=9.270,P=0.002).The time to first flatus was significantly shorter in the Laparoscopic Group(26.2?4.2)h than that in the Open Group(40.5?4.9)h(t=-13.601,P=0.000).The postoperative hospital stay in the Laparoscopic Group(6.8?0.9)d was distinctively shorter than that in the Open Group(10.6?0.8)d(t=-19.612,P=0.000).Follow-up examination for six months showed that two cases of poor healing of incision and two cases of vaginal residual granulation in the Open Group and one case of vaginal residual granulation in Laparoscopic Group,and no other complications were found.Conclusions TLH gets the advantage over total abdominal hysterectomy.If surgeons are familiar with the laparoscopic operative skills,TLH can be an ideal procedure for hysterectomy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of velocity of inspiratory flow on the severe asthma patients.Methods Twenty patients were ventilated thirty minutes respectively when the peak velocity of flow was 40L/min,60 L/min,80 L/min,100 L/min and 120 L/min,and then we measured their airway peak pressure(Ppeak),plateau pressure(Pplat)and intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure(PEEPi)and arterial blood gas analysis,accounting shunt fraction(QS/QT)and Dead space value(VD/VT).Results When velocity of flow enhanced from 40L/min to 60L/min,Ppeak increased while Pplat,PEEPi,VD/VT decreased obviously.When velocity of flow enhanced from 60L/min to 80L/min,Ppeak increased also but Pplat,PEEPi,QS/QT and VD/VT changed no significant.When velocity of flow enhanced from 60L/min to 100L/min,Pplat and PEEPi increased indistinctly while Ppeak,QS/QT and VD/VT increased distinctly.Conclusions The velocity of inspiratory flow,60~80L /min,can reduce PEEPi、QS/QT 及VD/VT and improve respiratory status.

Procalcionin ( PCT) is a soluble protein liberated into the circulation of patients in response to severe systemic in-fection, in particular by bacterial infection.It is used as the most accurate biomarker for the diagnosis of sepsis.This review briefly de-scribes the induction of PCT, the comparison of PCT and other markers of sepsis, the application of PCT measurement in confirmation or exclusion of diagnosis of sepsis, the assessment of severity and treatment effectiveness of systemic infection, the application of PCT in guiding individual and specific treatment of antibiotics, and the anormaly situation of elevated levels of PCT in patients who do not have sepsis.

ObjectiveTo observe the expressions of Caspase-9,Caspase-3, cytochrome C and their relationships, and investigate apoptotic mechanisms in hippocampus of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were used in the present study. The single-prolonged stress (SPS)-method was used to set up the rat PTSD models. There were six groups:after SPS 1 day,4 days,7 days,14 days,28 days groups and control group. The expressions of caspase-9, Caspase-3 and Cytochrome C proteins were detected with immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent results showed that the expression of cytochrome C peaked at 4 days and maintained higher level at 7days after SPS. Expressions of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were increased and peaked at 7days after SPS. Western blotting results showed that compared with control group, cytochrome C protein was up-regulated and peaked at 4 days after SPS in the cytosol. Compared with the control group, cytochrome C tended to decrease in mitochondrial fractions. The activated form of Caspase-9 and caspase-3 were not detected in control group. They were present in model groups. Cleaved- caspase-9 and cleaved-caspase-3 peaked at 7 days after SPS, and then gradually decreased at 14 days. Conclusion The neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of PTSD rats may be one of the causes inducing hippocampus atrophy. Mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is involved in apoptosis in the hippocampus of PTSD rats.

Objective To investigate expression changes of nuclear receptors-glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in the locus ceruleus neurons of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)like rats. Methods Sixty adult healthy male Wistar rats were enrolled in the experiment. PTSD-like rat model was established by single prolonged stress (SPS). There was no SPS stimulation in the control group and the rats of the other five groups were undisturbedly raised for 24 hours, 4 days,7 days,14 days and 28 days respectively after SPS stimulation.The expressions of glucocorticoid receptors in the locus ceruleus nucleus of all groups were detected with Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry,Western blotting and PCR, and image analysis and statistical analysis were performed. Results GR was distributed in the nucleus of coeruleus neurons, GR expression was showed after 24 hours, 4 days, 7 days treatment and gradually increased, restorative downregulation was seen after 14 days and 28 days, but still high(P<0.05). Conclusion After SPS, the GR locus ceruleus temporarily increased and then lowered, suggesting that PTSD rat locus coeruleus neurons in nuclear receptor-GR expression changes may directly involve in the continuing spirit of PTSD symptoms occurred in the development process.

Objective To observe the expression of cytochrome C (Cyt C)and apoptosis-related gene Bax in hippocampus of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)rats in order to investigate their effects and relationships. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were used in the present study. The single-prolonged stress(SPS)-method was carried out to set up the rat PTSD models. There were six groups:after SPS 1,4,7,14,28 days groups and control group. The expression of Cyt C and Bax proteins were detected with immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence, confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blotting. Results The expression of Cyt C peaked at 4 days and maintained higher level at 7 days after SPS. At 7 days after SPS, strong immunoreactivity of Bax was noticed,At 14 days after SPS, the expression of Bax was down-regulated and then gradually decreased. Conclusion Bax is upregulated and promotes the releasing of Cyt C. And the releasing of Cyt C may be one of mechanisms of inducing apoptosis in the hippocampus of PTSD rats.