Consumer Product Safety ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Legislation, Food

Objective To investigate the gastric empty and electrogastrogram(EGG) in patients with renal insufficiency before and after hemodialysis, and to study the enteric nervous system (ENS) in experimental acute renal failure rats.Methods The comparisons of gastric emptying and EGG before and after hemodialysis were carried out in 15 patients with uremia who have gastrointerstinal symptoms. Acute renal failure models were also established. The neuroplexus of ENS and levels of some gut hormones were investigated. Results The EGG and gastric emptying were abnormal in patients with uremia before hemodialysis, but improved after dialysis. The neuroplexus of ENS with positive nitric oxide synthase(NOS) staining in rats with acute renal failure was significantly decreased. The levels of gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and motilin in rats with acute renal failure were (159.1?55.6)?g/L, (121.6?48.9)pg/L, and (6.32?3.55)pmol/L, respectively, which were significantly different from those of the control group(P

Emergencies ; Food Services ; organization & administration ; Foodborne Diseases ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Risk Assessment

Objective To compare the effects of different blood purification methods on the removal of large and medium molecular toxins in patients with maintenance hemodialysis(MHD), and to provide the clinical basis for selecting suitable dialysis modalities to prevent or delay the long term complications of uremic patients.Methods60 MHD patients with long term and stable hemodialysis were enrolled in this study.All of them were selected from the patients with insufficient hemodialysis.According to the digital table,60 patients were randomly divided into high flux hemodialysis (HFHD)group and hemodiafiltration (HDF) group,30 cases in each group.And before,3 months and 6 months after dialysis, the serum β2-MG,PTH and Cys C after dialysis were tested.Results The clearance of PTH in the HFHD group[(286.34±127.33)pg/mL] was significantly higher than that in the HDF group[(376.04±141.74)pg/mL],the difference was statistically significant(t=2.45,P<0.05).The clearance of β2-MG in the HDF group[(11.34±1.96)mg/L]was significantly higher than that in the HFHD group[(15.41±3.02)mg/L],the difference was significant(t=5.88,P<0.05).The clearance of Cys C in the HFHD group[(263.67±98.72)μg/dL]was significantly higher than that in the HDF group[(345.63±105.00)μg/dL],the difference was statistically significant(t=2.96,P<0.05).Conclusion Both two dialysis methods are very effective in the removal of large and medium molecular uremic toxins in patients.In the removal of patients with increased PTH,HFHD is more effective.In the removal of patients with increased β2-MG,HDF is more effective.In the removal of Cys C,HFHD is better.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of single detection and combined detection of serum NSE ,CYFRA21‐1 , CA50 ,SCC and CEA in the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma .Methods The single detection and combined detec‐tion of serum NSE ,CYFRA21‐1 ,CA50 ,SCC and CEA levels were measured in 110 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 101 health controls in our hospital from October 2013 to October 2015 .The detection results were statistically analyzed . Results The positive rate and expression levels of serum NSE ,CYFRA21‐1 ,CA50 ,SCC and CEA in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group were higher than those in the health control group with statistical significance(P<0 .05) .The sensitivity and diag‐nostic efficiency of combined detection of NSE ,CYFRA21‐1 ,CA50 ,SCC and CEA for diagnosing esophageal squamous cell carcino‐ma were 93 .64% and 86 .73% respectively .Conclusion The 5 tumor markers combined detection of serum NSE ,CYFRA21‐1 , CA50 ,SCC and CEA can improve the sensitivity and diagnostic efficiency for diagnosing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma .

Objective To evaluate the role of 5-hydroxy trptarine 2A receptor (5-HT2A) in the pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis after liver transplantation in rats.Method Rats were randomly divided into control group Ⅰ and control group Ⅱ[(supplied livers were preserved for 1 or 12 h),ketanserin group (recipients of control group Ⅱ were intraperitoneally injected with ketanserin 24 h postoperatively at the dosage of 5 mg · kg-1 · day-1),and sham group (rats were subjected to transverse laparotomy and closure without manipulation of the liver).During 4-week observation period,serum biliary enzymes,5-HT content in the liver,the expression of fibrosis-related genes,cholangiocytes proliferation and biliary fibrosis were evaluated.Result Compared with the sham group,the serum ALP,GGT,TBil and 5-HT contents in the liver homogenate were increased on the postoperative day 1 (POD1) and then restored to the normal level.There was slight proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells on POD3 in the control group Ⅰ,with fewer collagen fibers and α-sooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts in the portal area.The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and procollagen α1-mRNA in graft livers was not significantly increased in the control group Ⅰ.To the contrast,the control group Ⅱ demonstrated high levels of serotonin in the liver homogenate and enhanced serum biliary enzymes.Active cholangiocytes proliferation was triggered on POD3 and remained higher than in the control group Ⅰ and the sham group.The control group Ⅱ showed a large number of α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts and collegan fibers at the postoperative week 4.In parallel,the major profibrogenic transcripts MMP2 and procollagen α1 were significantly increased at 2nd,and 4th week postoperation in the control group Ⅱ.Importantly,we also found that ketanserin relieved the signs of biliary fibrosis at 4th week postoperation in 5-HT2A group by the demonstration of reduced collagen fibers and a-SMA-positive myofibroblast in the portal area,as well as the decrease in the fibrosis-related gene expression.In addition to the lower cholangiocytes proliferation,serum levels of biliary enzymes including GGT,ALP and TBil in 5-HT2A group were significantly decreased at 4th week postoperation as compared with the control group Ⅱ.Conclusion Selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist,Ketanserin retards biliary fibrosis progression posttransplantation,suggesting that 5-HT2A receptor is a potential therapeutic target for ischemia-related biliary fibrosis after DCD liver transplantation.

Standerdized patiets oan serve as patients, teachers and evaluators. Establishment of standardized patients' teacher-identity is helpful to improving their teaching passion, and it also makes sure all teaching steps may develop successfully and promote accuracy and fairness of evaluation in Standerdized patiets examinations.

Objective To better understand the clinical features and the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods A case of MGUS with SLE were described including clinical manifestations and pathologic data.Literatures were also reviewed.Results The patient was admitted because of proteinuria.Laboratory findings showed monoclonal gammopathy.However,both bone marrow exam and iconography showed no signs of multiple myeloma.Lupus nephritis Ⅳ + Ⅴ was proved by kidney biopsy.Prednisone and tacrolimus were used with significant clinical improvement.Conclusion MGUS associated with SLE is not rare.MGUS criteria based on 2003 international MM working group should be used to differentiate MGUS from MM.Monoclonal protein level,plasma cell in bone marrow and free light chain are risk factors for MM progression.Treatment is based on lupus disease activity and organ damage severity.

Objective To discuss the nursing countermeasures of common problems in patients with spinal fracture. Methods All patients received evidence- based nursing in on:ler to tackle problems such as pain, paralysis, pulmonary infection, pressure ulcer, urinary tract infection and deep vein thrombosis. Results No one complicated with pulmonary infection, pressure ulcer and deep vein thrombosis, 2 with lower limb swelling and 3 with urinary tract infection. Conclusions Evidence- based nursing is the base of clinic nursing. It can not only improve the quality of nursing and benefit patients,but also can expand the nurses' knowledge.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of epicardial echocardiographic examination in cardiac valve surgery.Methods Epicardial echocardiography were performed in 46 patients undergoing valvular plasty or valvular replacement surgery to estimate the function of valve and left ventricle and residual shunt during cardiac surgery.Results Twelve cases of 46(26.1％)showed abnormality during cardiac surgery.Two cases of 15 patients performed valvuloplasty were changed to valvular replacement because of remarkable regurgitation of native valves.There was 1 case of periprosthetic leakage,3 cases of left atrial appendage thrombus,1 case of patent foramen ovale and 5 cases of low ejection of left ventricle in all 31 cases of valvular replacement.Conclusions Epicardial echocardiograpyc examination is an effective examination in cardiac valve surgery with clearly image,simplicity operation and promptness.