Military pilot selection is an effective way to lower the training cost, ensure the safety of pilots and aircraft, and improve the military efficiency, which involves a comprehensive evaluation of medical fitness, psychology and flying aptitude of a pilot candidate.The concept and classification of comprehensive evaluation methods were introduced in this paper.Comprehensive evaluation methods used in domestic and overseas military pilot selection were reviewed.Finally, suggestions on the research and application of the military pilot selection system in China were raised.

AIMTo study the cutaneous permeation kinetics and pharmacodynamics of lidocaine gel.

METHODSThe concentration of lidocaine in dermis following topical application in rats was determined by the cutaneous microdialysis technique and related parameters were calculated; the pharmacodynamics of the gel was evaluated by electric stimulation method with EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) cream as a control.

RESULTSThe peak of percutaneous absorption kinetic profile of lidocaine gel across rat skin occurred at 1.25 h; the onset time of local anesthetic action of lidociane gel was similar to that of EMLA, but both the duration and depth of anesthetic effect were superior to EMLA cream.

CONCLUSIONLidocaine gel showed good anesthetic effect. The minimum effective concentration of lidocaine in dermis is 12 mg.L-1.

Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics, Local ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Gels ; Lidocaine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Male ; Pain Threshold ; drug effects ; Prilocaine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Skin Absorption

To investigate the effect of cyclin G1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASON) with liposomal transfection on mediating proliferation of HL-60 cell, the cyclin G1 ASON with liposomal transfection was used in vitro in co-culture with HL-60 cell, the protein and mRNA expression levels of cyclin G1 were measured by immunocytochemistry assay and RT-PCR. The cell apoptosis was detected by electron microscopy, in situ cell apoptosis detection kit (POD), DNA gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry (FCM). The results showed that in the cyclin G1 ASON group the protein and mRNA expression of cyclin G1 were significantly inhibited as compared with sense oligodeoxynucleotide (SON) group and blank group. When the ASON concentration increased, the proliferation ratio of HL-60 cell and CFU of HL-60 were also significantly inhibited. There was apoptosis of HL-60 cell. In conclusion, cyclin G1 ASON can specifically inhibit its protein and mRNA expression levels as well as the HL-60 cell proliferations and can accelerate the apoptosis of leukemia cells with concentration-dependent effect of ASON.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cyclin G ; Cyclin G1 ; Cyclins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Flow Cytometry ; HL-60 Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Liposomes ; Microscopy, Electron ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of fixation of Kirschner needle and thread cancellous bone screw through the sinus tarsi interstice for the treatment of calcaneal fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to December 2012,20 patients with calcaneal fracture were treated by minimally invasive Kirschner wire and threaded cancellous bone screw fixation and bone graft,including 12 males and 8 females with an average age of 39 years old ranging from 21 to 65. Among them, 8 cases were left foot, 12 were right foot. According to Sanders's classification, 8 cases were type II, 10 cases were type III, 2 cases were type IV.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 6 to 16 months with an average of 12 months. The incision were healed. Böhler angle were increased from preoperative (17.75 +/- 4.22) degrees to postoperative (26.85 +/- 7.37) degrees (t = 4.308, P = 0.000). Gissane angle were reduced from preoperative (137.05 +/- 24.91) degrees to postoperative (113.75 +/- 13.17) degrees (t = 7.083, P = 0.000). At 3 months after operation, the scores of AOFAS were 85.50 +/- 7.99; the results were excellent in 5 feet and good in 11 feet, fair in 3 feet, and poor in 1 foot.

CONCLUSIONMinimally invasive fixation of Kirschner needle and thread cancellous bone screw fixation is a simple operation, it can get reliable fixation, easy to remove, low cost, less postoperative complications, and it is a good treatment of calcaneal fracture.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Bone Wires ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

China ; epidemiology ; Escherichia coli Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Escherichia coli O157 ; classification ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Humans ; Shiga Toxin 1 ; biosynthesis ; isolation & purification ; Shiga Toxin 2 ; biosynthesis ; isolation & purification ; Sorbitol

OBJECTIVETo provide anatomic evidence for identification of "holy plane" between fascia propria and its adjacent fascia in total mesorectal excision.

METHODSA total of 26 pelvic specimens of adult male preserved in 10% formalin solution were used in this study. Twenty pelvis were employed for topographic anatomy, six for sectional anatomy.

RESULTSRectovesical septum was formed by the ventral part of the fascia propria and Denonvilliers' fascia, with no blood vessel and nerve coursed between two layers. Dorsal part of the fascia propria parallelled with the presacral fascia, with no blood vessel and nerve coursed between two layers in 80% of the pelvis. However, anatomic variations was encountered occasionally--with muscle-like tissue or fusion of presacral fascia interposed between them for 20%. The lateral space of rectum was between lateral part of the fascia propria and parietal fascia which witnessed pelvic nerve plexus and lateral ligament of the rectum traveling. Pelvic nerve plexus was categorized as two types according the relation between fascia propria and nerve plexus: fusion type accounting for 85% and rarefaction type for 15%.

CONCLUSION'holy plane' is sandwiched between the fascia propria and its adjacent fascia--ventrally Denonvilliers fascia, dorsally presacral fascia and laterally parietal fascia.

Adult ; Autopsy ; Fascia ; anatomy & histology ; Fasciotomy ; Humans ; Male ; Rectum ; anatomy & histology ; surgery

AIMTo explore the influence of acute hypoxia and intermittent hypoxic acclimatization on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) gene expression in HepG2 cells underlying their possible biological significance.

METHODSHepG2 was cultured in 1% O2 for 24 hours, then in 21% O2 for another 24 hours, which composed a hypoxic exposure cycle. After 6 cycles, HepG2 cells reached the status of hypoxic acclimatization. Gene transcription and translation of VEGF and HIF-1alpha were detected with Northern blot and Western blot methods.

RESULTSAcute hypoxia could induce gene transcription and translation of VEGF and HIF-1alpha. After intermittent hypoxia acclimatization, the contents of VEGF and HIF-1alpha mRNA were 108.6% +/- 17.7% and 116.7% +/- 19.8% of those in normoxic control cells, while the protein contents were significantly increased to 1.4 and 2.7 times of those in control cells, respectively (P < 0.05). The protein expression levels of VEGF and HIF-1alpha were decreased in cells subjected to hypoxia acclimatization compared to cells treated with acute hypoxia.

CONCLUSIONWhen HepG2 cells reached the status of hypoxic acclimatization, the acute hypoxia-induced increment of VEGF gene transcription and translation in cells were inhibited, in which HIF-1alpha might play an important role.

Acclimatization ; genetics ; Cell Hypoxia ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo cultivate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the serum of overfatigue rats with the intervention of Tongxinluo superfine powder (TXLSP). By examining the variation of the activity of JNK/c-Jun/HO-1 pathway, the possible mechanisms of vascular endothelial dysfunction under overfatigue conditions and the intervening effect of TXLSP were explored.

METHODSThe HUVECs were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the SP600125 (a specific antagonist of JNK) group, the TXLSP group and the TXLSP + SP600125 group. The content of carboyhemoglobin (COHb) and the leak rate of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in different groups were measured. The mRNA and protein expression of JNK, c-Jun, HO-1 and the phosphorylation level of c-Jun (P-c-Jun) were detected using Western blot and PCR methods.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the COHb level in supernatant was increased significantly in the model group, and the expression of HO-1, JNK, c-Jun mRNA and corresponding proteins and P-c-Jun were also increased remarkably. The increases in these parameters were significantly decreased by SP600125. TXLSP showed remarkable up-regulation on the expression of JNK, c-Jun, P-c-Jun and HO-1 mRNA and their protein expression. Compared with the SP600125 group, the expressions of JNK, c-Jun, P-c-Jun and HO-1 mRNA and its protein in the TXLSP+SP600125 group were significantly increased at different time points (P<0.05, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe vascular endothelial dysfunction under overfatigue conditions is related to the activity of the JNK/c-Jun/HO-1 pathway. One of the mechanisms of TXLSP in improving the vascular endothelial function is to adjust the activity of the JNK/c-Jun/HO-1 pathway at gene and protein levels.

Animals ; Blood Proteins ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoprotection ; drug effects ; genetics ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Fatigue ; blood ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Male ; Particle Size ; Powders ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Serum ; metabolism ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; genetics ; physiology ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes of vascular endothelial functions and general neuro-endocrine-immunity (NEI) network under the state of qi-deficiency syndrome induced by excessive idleness and to approach their internal relevance and illuminate initially the pathophysiological mechanism of vascular lesion induced by excessive idleness.

METHODSA total of 100 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group and the qi-deficiency syndrome model group, 50 rats in each group. The qi-deficiency syndrome model was established by feeding the animals with hyper-alimentation diet in combination with restricting movement for 10 weeks. Changes of common chemical signal molecules related to NEI and vascular endothelial functions were measured by the end of the experiment. Furthermore, their internal relevance was analyzed by the method of canonical correlation analysis.

RESULTSThe vascular endothelial structure and function were obviously injured in the model group. Compared with the control group, the chemical signal molecules, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), corticosterone (CORT), triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), angiotensin II (Ang II), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in peripheral blood of the model group (n=43) were changed significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Canonical correlation analysis showed that vascular endothelial dysfunction was correlated to the changes of these signal molecules in the NEI network.

CONCLUSIONSComfort-based lifestyle induced not only vascular endothelial dysfunction but also an imbalance of the NEI network. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and the imbalanced NEI network interacted with each other, and an imbalance of the NEI network may be the pathophysiologic basis for the genesis and development of vascular endothelial dysfunction, even diseases of the blood vessel.

Animals ; Aorta ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; ultrastructure ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelins ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Immune System ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiology ; Male ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; physiology ; Neurosecretory Systems ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Qi ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Syndrome ; Yin Deficiency ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathological feature of primary hepatic carcinoma and the clinical significance.

METHODSFrom August 2000 to December 2007, there were 89 patients with cirrhosis and carcinoma of liver who accepted whole liver resection. The whole liver was cut into 10 mm slices to examine the tumor size, number, distribution, capsule, satellite nodes, portal vein tumor thrombi (PVTT). The invaded adjacent tissue and lymph nodes were recorded, the distance from satellite to major tumor was measured, then histological examinations were carried out, and the final diagnosis was made by pathologists.

RESULTSThe total of 89 cases included hepatocellular carcinoma in 86 cases and cholangiocarcinoma in 3 cases; 53 cases with multiple tumors and 36 cases with solitary tumor; complete capsule only in 14 cases, no obvious margin in 11 cases, 13 cases had a major tumor in the right lobe and a small tumor in the left lobe; 8 of 25 cases with gross invaded tissue were confirmed by histological examination, 7 of 16 cases with swollen lymph nodes were infiltrated by cancer cells. There were 47 cases with PVTT (47.2%) and 39 cases with satellite nodes (43.8%). PVTT and satellite nodes increased with the increase of sizes and the numbers of the tumors. The distance from satellite node to major tumor mostly were 0.5 - 3.0 cm.

CONCLUSIONSThe whole explanted liver can completely reflect the characteristics of growth and infiltration of hepatic carcinoma. Attention must be paid to the small cancer lesions in another lobe, distal satellite nodes from major tumor, and tumor thrombi in a small branch of portal vein, which can not be found by imaging, and might influence the curative effectiveness after liver resection or transplantation.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult