Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infection ; complications ; Jugular Veins ; pathology ; Male ; Pharynx ; Rupture ; etiology

Aim To compare the relative bioavailabilities of domestic acyclovir chewabletablets and normal tablets. Methods A single oral dose of 800 mg acyclovir chewable tablets or normal tablets was given to 8 volunteers respectively in a randomized, cross-over study, acyclovir serum concentration was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results The AUC of chewable and normal tablets was respectively 0.42 and 0.40 μg · ml · h-1, and the relative bioavailability of a cyclovir chewable tablets was (105.8 + 13.1) %. Conclusion The chewable tablets and reference tablets is bioequivalent in AUC.

AIM: To compare the bioequivalence of glimepiride tables and capsules with a single dose. METHODS: Twenty Chinese healthy male volunteers were enrolled in a randomized crossover study with a single oral dose 3 mg of two formulations respectively. The blood drug concentration in serum was measured by HPLC, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p97 software and compared by two one side t test. RESULTS: The parameters of the tables and the capsules were( 1.23 ? 0.19 ) and ( 1.31 ? 0.22 ) mg?h?L -1 at AUC (0-t) ,( 1.32 ? 0.20 ) and ( 1.45 ? 0.24 ) mg?h?L -1 at AUC (0-inf) ,( 0.30 ? 0.05 ) and ( 0.30 ? 0.06 ) mg?L -1 at C max ,( 6.6 ? 2.5 ) and ( 9.3 ? 7.9 ) h the peak time (T peak ), respectively. There were no significant differences between the two formulations. F was 96.4 ? 21.1 calculated by AUC (0-t) and 96.4 ? 21.1 by AUC (0-inf) . CONCLUSION: Glimepiride tables and capsules are of bioequivalence.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of membrane molecular weight cut off on a novel bioartificial liver(BAL) system.MethodsHealthy beagles underwent 6-hour treatment with a BAL containing membrane with 200 kDa retention rating or 1200 kDa retention rating.The functional changes and cell viability were characterized.ResultsHepatocyte performance levels such as albumin secretion,urea synthesis and viability were significantly higher in the 200 kDa retention rating group when compared with the 1200 kDa retention rating group (P＜0.05).Significant levels of canine proteins were detected in the BAL medium from the 1200 kDa retention rating group.Fluorescence microscopy further verified that heavy deposition of canine IgG,IgM and complement (C3) on co-culture cells were obtained after BAL treatment in the 1200 kDa retention rating group.ConclusionsSmall membrane molecular weight cut off of BAL could reduce the transfer of xenoreactive antibodies into the BAL medium and improved the performance of the BAL.

Great progress has been made in the basic research and clinical application of skin tissue engineering in China over the past 20 years. It includes culture of epithelial cells and their preliminary clinical use, research and development of various dermal substitutes such as acellular dermal matrix, spongiform collagen membrane and high molecular weight polymer membrane, and modification of physical properties of dermal substitutes for the sake of raising their bioaffinity and vascularization, based on which composite skin containing epithelial cell layers has been constructed and used successfully in the repair of full-thickness skin defects. More recently, greater efforts have been made in the study of new epithelial seeding cells such as epithelial stem cell and hair follicle stem cell. With the work going into the center, it is hopeful into constructing an artificial skin that mimics the normal human skin in terms of structure and function with better viability of the transplant, so that it can eventually be used in clinical practice as a skin source for large area deep burn patients to improve the wound healing quality.
Burns ; surgery ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Dermis ; cytology ; Humans ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin, Artificial ; Tissue Engineering

Objective To investigate the influence of membrane molecular weight cut off in our bioartificial liver(BAL)system.Methods Beagle dogs were used for a model of acute liver failure through D-galactosamine administration.The acute liver failure Beagles were divided into two groups by the membrane molecular weight cut off.Group A was treated with BAL containing 200 kDa retention rating membrane.Group B was treated with BAL containing 1200 kDa retention rating membrane.Each group underwent two six-hour BAL treatments that were performed on day 1 and day 21.BAL medium were examined and levels of IgG,IgM,and complement hemolytic unit of 50％(CH50)antibodies were measured in all Beagles and.Results BAL treatment was associated with a significant decline in levels of CH50.1200 kDa group experienced a significant increase in levels of IgG and IgM after two BAL treatments.Significant levels of canine proteins were detected in BAL medium from 1200 kDa group.Conclusions Xenogeneic immune response in the BAL system was influenced by membrane molecular weight cut off.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic method of metabolic acidosis in long-term sur- vival patients undergoing simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation.Methods A 45-year-old fe- male patient,who had undergone simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation(due to diabetic ne- phropathy and uremia)with bladder drainage 2 years before,developed severe metabolic acidosis,and thus underwent surgical conversion from bladder to ileal drainage.The procedure was as follows.The stoma of duo- denocystostomy was isolated and resected.The site of cystostomy was closed in two layers.The graft duode- num was then anastomosed to a loop of the recipient's ileum,which was proximal 40 cm from the ileocecum in a side-to-side manner.Results The metabolic acidosis resolved postoperatively.The patient received conventional immunosuppressants.The hospital stay was 30d.Follow-up of 4 years showed normal pancreas and kidney functions.Conclusions Conversion from bladder to ileal drainage is safe and effective for metabolic acidosis related to the exocrine secretions of bladder drained pancreas graft in simultaneous pancre- as and kidney transplant recipients.

ITS2 sequence was used as a barcode to identify herbal tea ingredient Plumeria rubra and its adulterants. Genomic DNAs from forty eight samples were extracted, the ITS2 sequences were amplified and sequenced bi-direstionlly, and then assembled and obtained using CodonCode Aligner. The sequences were aligned using ClustalW, the genetic distances were computed by kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model and the Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA5.0. Results showed that the length of ITS2 sequence of P. rubra were 244 bp. The intra-specific genetic distances (0-0. 016 6) were much smaller than inter-specific ones between P. rubra and its adulterants(0.320 8-0.650 4). The NJ tree indicated that P. rubra and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. Therefore, Using ITS2 barcode can accurately andeffectively distinguish herbal tea ingredient P. rubra from its adulterants, which providesa new molecular method to identify P. rubra and ensure its safety in use.
Apocynaceae ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Flowers ; chemistry ; classification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Quality Control

Objective:To observe the effect of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) on pain, the activation of microglia and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the spinal cord in arthritis, and to explore how BTX-A treatment relieves pain.Methods:Sixty clean, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operated group, a Freund′s adjuvant group and a BTX-A group. The ankle cavities of the left hind limbs of all of the rats except those in the sham group were injected with 50μl of Freund′s adjuvant to establish an arthritis pain model. The sham operated group received 50μl of saline solution as controls. Afterward the sham operation group and the Freund′s adjuvant group were given another 20μl of normal saline, while the BTX-A group was injected with 20μl of botulinum toxin A, again into the ankle joint cavity of the left hind limb. The mechanical and thermal pain thresholds of the rats in each group were measured 1 day before the modeling and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days afterward. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression of IBA-1 and IBA-1-IR. In addition, the expression of TNF-α protein and TNF-α mRNA in the spinal cord was detected using ELISA and RT-PCR.Results:Compared with the Freund′s adjuvant group, the latency of the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds had increased significantly in the BTX-A group after 3 days. The differences remained significant until the 14th day after the injection. The expression of IBA-1 protein and the number of immunopositive cells in the spinal cord decreased significantly, as did the expression of TNF-α protein and mRNA.Conclusions:Botulinum toxin A can alleviate the pain induced by Freund′s adjuvant. The analgesic mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of spinal microglia and the release of TNF-α.

AIMTo study the effects of yi-zhi II (a compond of Chinese Traditional Medicine) on the alteration of synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 and maintenance of memoy.

METHODSBy using the method of oral administration of yi-zhi II, the step-through test and electron microscopy, the latency of step-through and synaptic structure in hippocamal CA3 were tested.

RESULTS(1) The mice which had been given yi-zhi II prolong significantly the latency of step through (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) on the 1st, 6th and 12th day after learning. (2) On the 6th and 12th day after learning, the length of synaptic active zone were markly improved in yi-zhi II and control, but that of yi-zhi II was better than that of control. (On the 6th day after learning, the number of perforated synapses and axo-dendrite synapses were significantly improved by the yi-zhi II (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe yi-zhi II could improve the learning and memory in mice. It migth improve the memory by increasing the length of synaptic active zone and the number of perforated synapses and axo-dendrite synapses in hippocampal CA3.

Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; drug effects ; CA3 Region, Hippocampal ; drug effects ; physiology ; Chromosome Pairing ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Memory ; drug effects ; Mice ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology