Phyllosphere and epiphytes have attracted significant interest of more and more researchers by their unique biological characteristics. Progress of research on phyllosphere and epiphytes was summarized in this paper, and the special emphasis was put on the characteristic of phyllosphere, microbial communities, invasion and the location of bacteria on leaf surfaces. Some ideas for further studies on phyllosphere microbes were also proposed.

Carcinoid Tumor ; Ear Neoplasms ; Ear, Middle ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Lao Shi Jiu (moxibustion at a group of ten acupoints) plus Wu Zhu Xiang Sha Liu Jun decoction in treating chronic gastritis due to deficient cold in spleen-stomach. Method Ninety patients with chronic gastritis due to deficient cold in spleen-stomach were randomized into a moxibustion-medication group and a Western medication group by using the random number table, 45 cases each. The moxibustion-medication group was intervened by Lao Shi Jiu plus Wu Zhu Xiang Sha Liu Jun decoction, while the Western medication group was prescribed with conventional medications. The clinical efficacy and changes in symptoms were observed after the intervention. Result The total effective rates were respectively 88.9% and 75.6% in the moxibustion-medication group and Western medication group, and the rate in the moxibustion-medication group was significantly higher than that in the Western medication group (P<0.05); the gastroscopy-based total effective rates were respectively 91.1% and 77.8% in the moxibustion-medication group and Western medication group, indicating that the moxibustion-medication group was superior to the Western medication group (P<0.05); the improvement of stomachache in the moxibustion-medication group was more significant than that in the Western medication group (P<0.05). Conclusion The moxibustion-medication group is superior to the Western medication group in comparing the clinical efficacy and improvement of symptoms in treating chronic gastritis due to deficient cold in spleen-stomach.

Objective　To investigate the pattern of human neutrophil degranulation mediated by Fc alpha receptors. Methods　IgA immune complexes (IgA IC) and specific monoclonal antibody were used to stimulate neutrophil degranulation. Lactoferrin released by stimulated neutrophils was quantitatively determined. Results　Monoclonal antibody and IgA IC could both induce neutrophil lactoferrin release. However, monoclonal antibody induced rapid and strong degranulation whilst the effect of IgA IC was much weaker. Conclusion　The pattern of neutrophil degranulation induced by IgA IC and monoclonal antibody is different.

AIM:To observe the efficacy and safety of ropivacaine supplemented with midazolam for sacral block in pediatric operation.METHODS:40 cases of patients aged 1-6 years old,who were going to be operated in hypogastrium,perineum and lower limb,were randomly and double-blindly divided into four groups with ten cases each:control group(bupivacaine 2.5 mg/kg),low dosage group(ropivacaine 2.5 mg/kg),middle dosage group(ropivacaine 3.5 mg/kg)and high dosage group(ropivacaine 5.0 mg/kg).Sacral block was performed after induction of inhalation anaesthesia with sevoflurane.Sedation was induced by midazolam(0.2 mg/kg)administered through mainline 5 min before the surgical procedure.RESULTS:In a certain dosage range,ropivacaine supplemented with midazolam anesthesia for sacral block showed a slight influence on diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure,heart rate and pulse oxygen saturation.Those parameters remained in the physiological normal range,though they dropped slightly during the operative period.Compared with bupivacaine group,the postoperative analgesic period was similar in the high and middle ropivacaine groups,while it was shorter in low ropivacaine group.There was no significant adverse effect in all groups except for operative stretch reflex and postoperative vomiting in individual patients.CONCLUSION:Ropivacaine supplemented with midazolam anesthesia for sacral block has a slight influence on hemodynamics,prolongs the postoperative analgesic period,and shows less adverse effect.

Objective To know the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs),polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furan (PCDFs)and polychlorinated biphenyl(PCBs)in milk and milk powder.Methods From Feb.2007 to Jun.2007,the milk and milk powder samples were collected and PCDDs,PCDFs and PCBs were extracted from the samples by Soxhlet extraction,cleaned up by FMS and quantified by HRGC-HRMS,using isotope dilution methodology.Results PCDDrFs and PCBs were detected in all samples.The mean levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs TEQ in the milk powder were 0.43 pg/g lipid(median:0.34 pg/g lipid),and in the packed milk were 3.83pg/g)lipid(median:2.04 pg/g lipid).The mean levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs TEQ in all samples were 2.13 pg/g lipid(median:0.815 pg/g lipid).The levels of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in the detected samples were far below the limitation of EU except of two milk samples,and the levels of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs were higher in the packed milk than those in the milk powder.Conclusion Some of the milk and milk powder in the investigated city has been polluted by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs),polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furan(PCDFs)and polychlorinated biphenyl(PCBs).

Objective To investigate the effects of improved end-to-end invagination pancreaticojejunostomy on the occurrence of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods The clinical data of 396 patients who received pancreaticoduodenectomy at the Cancer Hospital of Shandong Province from January 2001 to January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into the improved group(235 patients)and traditional group(161 patients)according to different anastomotic methods.All the operations were done by the same surgical group,and the digestive tract was reconstructed by the Child method.Patients in the improved group received improved end-to-end invagination pancreaticojejunostomy,and patients in the traditional group received traditional end-to-end anastomosis.The volume of operative bleeding,operation time,incidence of pancreatic fistula and duration of hospital stay of the 2 groups were compared.All data were analyzed using the t test,chisquare test or Fisher exact probability.Results The operative blood loss,operation time and duration of hospital stay were(383 ±56)ml,(7.2 ± 1.0)hours,(21 ±3)days in the improved group,and(381 ±39)ml,(7.0 ± 0.5)hours,(22 ± 5)days in the traditional group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups(t =0.388,1.680,-1.835,P ＞ 0.05).No operative death was detected in the 2 groups,and the overall incidence of pancreatic fistula was 7.6％(30/396).The incidence of pancreatic fistula of the improved group was 0(0/235),which was significantly lower than 18.6％(30/161)of the traditional group(P ＜ 0.05).Patients complicated with pancreatic fistula in the traditional group were cured by drainage,somatostatin administration and parenteral nutrition.Conclusion Improved end-to-end invagination pancreaticojejunostomy can significantly reduce the incidence of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Purpose To evaluate the clinical and pathological features of extramammary Paget’ s disease ( EMPD) and to investigate the related prognostic factors. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 30 patients with EMPD were reviewed retrospectively. The HE slides in the file were rechecked. Immunohistochemical stains were performed on archival paraffin-embedded sections with En-Vision method in 20 cases. Follow-up data were recorded. The relationship between the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was statistically analyzed. Results Among the 30 patients, there were 26 males and 4 females, aged from 53 to 88 years with median age 70. Macroscopically, typical presentations of EMPD were eczematoid lesions. Microscopically, Paget’s cells were distributed sin-gly or in groups ( as glandular or nests patterns) within the epidermis. Immunohistochemical stains showed that Paget’ s cells were pos-itive for CK7, and negative for CK5/6 and p63. Follow-up data were available in 23 cases, 8 cases recurred resection, among them, 6 patients had positive resected margin and 4 died. The recurrent rate and mortality between the groups of dermal invasion and no der-mal invasion (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05), the groups of lymphatic metastasis and no lymphatic metastasis (P<0. 01), and the groups of positive and negative resected margin (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05) were statistically different. There were no statistically different with age and extent of lesion (P>0. 05). Conclusions CK7 is a sensitive and specific marker of Paget’s cells. Dermal invasion, lymphatic metastasis and positive resected margin are poor prognostic factors in EMPD.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS).Methods Sixty-one DLS patients (DLS group) were enrolled in this study.The control group was formed by 61 patients with same gender and age matched.The lesion position was L4 in two groups.The correlation of intervertebral joint angle,degeneration degree,lumbosacral angle and lumbar spondylolisthesis were analyzed.Results The intervertebral joint and sagittal angle in DLS group was less than that in control group[(37.11 ± 7.52)° vs.(42.44 ± 7.61)°] (P ＜ 0.01).The lumbosacral angle between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The degeneration degree between two groups had significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Intervertebral joint and sagittal angle and intervertebral joint degeneration degree have important roles in DLS.

Objective:To establish an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and its five metabolites in mice plasma,and investigate the metabolism of acetaminophen by using the method.Methods:Para aminobenzoic acid was used as the internal standard.The plasma samples were precipitated by methanol,and then separated on a C18 column with the mobile phase of methanol and 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.1% formic acid (55∶45).The flow rate was 0.5 ml·min-1,and the column temperature was 25℃.An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in a positive ion mode using MRM:APAP,-,m/z 152.0→110.0;APAP-cys,-,m/z 271.2→140.1;APAP-glut,-,m/z 457.0→328.0;APAP-NAC,-,m/z 313.4 →208.0;APAP-sulf,-,m/z 232.4→152.1;APAP-gluc,-,m/z 328.2→152.1;IS,-,m/z 138.2→120.0.Results:The method exhibited good linearity over the concentration range of 0.2-10 μg·ml-1for APAP,1.0-20 μg·ml-1 for APAP-gluc,1.0-20 μg·ml-1 for APAP-sulf,1.0-20 μg·ml-1 for APAP-glut,0.4-15 μg·ml-1 for APAP-NAC and 0.2-10 μg·ml-1 for APAP-cys (r≥0.990 0).The inter-day accuracy and precision of acetaminophen and its five metabolites were all below 15%.The average recovery was between 85% and 115%,and RSDs were all below 15%.Conclusion:The LC-MS/MS method is proved to be quick,sensitive and accurate,and suitable for the determination of acetaminophen and its five metabolites in mice plasma.