Phyllosphere and epiphytes have attracted significant interest of more and more researchers by their unique biological characteristics. Progress of research on phyllosphere and epiphytes was summarized in this paper, and the special emphasis was put on the characteristic of phyllosphere, microbial communities, invasion and the location of bacteria on leaf surfaces. Some ideas for further studies on phyllosphere microbes were also proposed.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Lao Shi Jiu (moxibustion at a group of ten acupoints) plus Wu Zhu Xiang Sha Liu Jun decoction in treating chronic gastritis due to deficient cold in spleen-stomach. Method Ninety patients with chronic gastritis due to deficient cold in spleen-stomach were randomized into a moxibustion-medication group and a Western medication group by using the random number table, 45 cases each. The moxibustion-medication group was intervened by Lao Shi Jiu plus Wu Zhu Xiang Sha Liu Jun decoction, while the Western medication group was prescribed with conventional medications. The clinical efficacy and changes in symptoms were observed after the intervention. Result The total effective rates were respectively 88.9% and 75.6% in the moxibustion-medication group and Western medication group, and the rate in the moxibustion-medication group was significantly higher than that in the Western medication group (P<0.05); the gastroscopy-based total effective rates were respectively 91.1% and 77.8% in the moxibustion-medication group and Western medication group, indicating that the moxibustion-medication group was superior to the Western medication group (P<0.05); the improvement of stomachache in the moxibustion-medication group was more significant than that in the Western medication group (P<0.05). Conclusion The moxibustion-medication group is superior to the Western medication group in comparing the clinical efficacy and improvement of symptoms in treating chronic gastritis due to deficient cold in spleen-stomach.

AIM:To observe the efficacy and safety of ropivacaine supplemented with midazolam for sacral block in pediatric operation.METHODS:40 cases of patients aged 1-6 years old,who were going to be operated in hypogastrium,perineum and lower limb,were randomly and double-blindly divided into four groups with ten cases each:control group(bupivacaine 2.5 mg/kg),low dosage group(ropivacaine 2.5 mg/kg),middle dosage group(ropivacaine 3.5 mg/kg)and high dosage group(ropivacaine 5.0 mg/kg).Sacral block was performed after induction of inhalation anaesthesia with sevoflurane.Sedation was induced by midazolam(0.2 mg/kg)administered through mainline 5 min before the surgical procedure.RESULTS:In a certain dosage range,ropivacaine supplemented with midazolam anesthesia for sacral block showed a slight influence on diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure,heart rate and pulse oxygen saturation.Those parameters remained in the physiological normal range,though they dropped slightly during the operative period.Compared with bupivacaine group,the postoperative analgesic period was similar in the high and middle ropivacaine groups,while it was shorter in low ropivacaine group.There was no significant adverse effect in all groups except for operative stretch reflex and postoperative vomiting in individual patients.CONCLUSION:Ropivacaine supplemented with midazolam anesthesia for sacral block has a slight influence on hemodynamics,prolongs the postoperative analgesic period,and shows less adverse effect.

Objective　To investigate the pattern of human neutrophil degranulation mediated by Fc alpha receptors. Methods　IgA immune complexes (IgA IC) and specific monoclonal antibody were used to stimulate neutrophil degranulation. Lactoferrin released by stimulated neutrophils was quantitatively determined. Results　Monoclonal antibody and IgA IC could both induce neutrophil lactoferrin release. However, monoclonal antibody induced rapid and strong degranulation whilst the effect of IgA IC was much weaker. Conclusion　The pattern of neutrophil degranulation induced by IgA IC and monoclonal antibody is different.

Carcinoid Tumor ; Ear Neoplasms ; Ear, Middle ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Objective To know the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs),polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furan (PCDFs)and polychlorinated biphenyl(PCBs)in milk and milk powder.Methods From Feb.2007 to Jun.2007,the milk and milk powder samples were collected and PCDDs,PCDFs and PCBs were extracted from the samples by Soxhlet extraction,cleaned up by FMS and quantified by HRGC-HRMS,using isotope dilution methodology.Results PCDDrFs and PCBs were detected in all samples.The mean levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs TEQ in the milk powder were 0.43 pg/g lipid(median:0.34 pg/g lipid),and in the packed milk were 3.83pg/g)lipid(median:2.04 pg/g lipid).The mean levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs TEQ in all samples were 2.13 pg/g lipid(median:0.815 pg/g lipid).The levels of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in the detected samples were far below the limitation of EU except of two milk samples,and the levels of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs were higher in the packed milk than those in the milk powder.Conclusion Some of the milk and milk powder in the investigated city has been polluted by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs),polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furan(PCDFs)and polychlorinated biphenyl(PCBs).

Objective To study of the imaging diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cystitis glandularis. Methods The clinical data and imaging findings of 8 cases with cystitis glandularis proved by pathology were retrospectively analyzed with literaures re-view. Results The lesions on images appeared as nodular mass in 4 cases, diffuse in 2 cases and mixed type in 2 cases,1 case with cystic degeneration. The lesions in 2 cases obviously reduced in size after treatment. The CT value of the lesions post contrast-en-hanced scan averagely increased up to 15.8 HU compared with that of plain scan. The lesions were localized in 6 cases and diffuse in 2 cases. Conclusion cystitis galandularis has some imaging characteristics, but the final diagnosis is depended on pathology.

Objective To investigate the influence of gene therapy using survivin as a gene target on biological behavior of pancreatic carcinoma cell line. Methods Chemically synthesized siRNA and shRNA in pGCSi vector were used to silence survivin expression of pancreatic carcinoma cell line PaTu8988. The therapeutical effects of survivin as a gene target were evaluated through determination of the down-regulation of survivin gene expression, cellular shape, cell apoptosis, cell viability and apoptosis signal pathway changes. Results After transfection of different arrays of siRNA and shRNA vectors to silence the survivin expression, survivin mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) ; PI staining revealed the presence of karyopyknosis, the cell apoptosis index was more than 20%; hypodiploid DNA content before G0/G1 detected by flow cytometry ; cell viability measured by MTT assay was significantly decreased (P <0.05) ; the activity of caspase-3 remarkably increased (P < 0. 05). Conclusions The pancreatic carcinoma cell line PaTu8988 be induced to promote spontaneous apoptosis procedure through silencing survivin expression by RNAi, which could accelerate carcinoma cell apoptosis and improve therapeutic effect on pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective:To establish an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and its five metabolites in mice plasma,and investigate the metabolism of acetaminophen by using the method.Methods:Para aminobenzoic acid was used as the internal standard.The plasma samples were precipitated by methanol,and then separated on a C18 column with the mobile phase of methanol and 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.1% formic acid (55∶45).The flow rate was 0.5 ml·min-1,and the column temperature was 25℃.An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in a positive ion mode using MRM:APAP,-,m/z 152.0→110.0;APAP-cys,-,m/z 271.2→140.1;APAP-glut,-,m/z 457.0→328.0;APAP-NAC,-,m/z 313.4 →208.0;APAP-sulf,-,m/z 232.4→152.1;APAP-gluc,-,m/z 328.2→152.1;IS,-,m/z 138.2→120.0.Results:The method exhibited good linearity over the concentration range of 0.2-10 μg·ml-1for APAP,1.0-20 μg·ml-1 for APAP-gluc,1.0-20 μg·ml-1 for APAP-sulf,1.0-20 μg·ml-1 for APAP-glut,0.4-15 μg·ml-1 for APAP-NAC and 0.2-10 μg·ml-1 for APAP-cys (r≥0.990 0).The inter-day accuracy and precision of acetaminophen and its five metabolites were all below 15%.The average recovery was between 85% and 115%,and RSDs were all below 15%.Conclusion:The LC-MS/MS method is proved to be quick,sensitive and accurate,and suitable for the determination of acetaminophen and its five metabolites in mice plasma.

Objective To explore a separation and culture method of human adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) suitable for the clinical application .Methods The non-enzymatic method and the collagenase digestion method were adopted to isolate and culture the cells from the human adipose tissue in the individuals with liposuction .The characteristics of isolated mesenchymal stem cells were comparatively analyzed .Results The required time in the non-enzymatic method was one third of that in the collagenase di-gestion method and the cellular morphology ,reproductive capacity ,immunophenotype and differentiation potential of the isolated cells were consistent to those isolated by the collagenase digestion method .Conclusion The no-enzymatic method may isolate and culture ADSCs from the adipose tissue in the individual with liposuction ,which is a safety and reliable isolation and culture method of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells suitable for clinical application .