ObjectiveTo evaluate combined pneumatic lithotripsy and vacuum suction during ureterorenoscopy.MethodsCombined pneumatic lithotripsy and vacuum suction during ureterorenoscopy was conducted for 52 cases of urolithiasis with the average age of the patients 36 years old.There were 3 cases of renal stone,9 upper ureteral stone,12 middle ureteral and 28 lower ureteral stone.The average surface area of the stones was 79 mm2.ResultsThe average operation time was 31 min and the fragmentation in situ 100.0%.The stone upward displacement rate was 1.7%.Fragmentation of the stone has been incomplete in 2 cases and ESWL was instituted.49 patients have been followed up for 1～3 months and the stone clearance rate was 96.0%.ConclusionsThe procedure would reduce the high instillation pressure which might cause upward displacement of the stone and liquid reflux to the renal parenchyma.The vacuum pressure set to -0.2～-0.4 bar is the most ideal.

Objective To investigate the expression and role of Caspase-3 during the development of non-traumatic avascular/aseptic necrosis of femoral head(ANFH).Methods Tissue samples were obtained from 22 femoral heads of 21 patients with ANFH.The samples were divided into three groups:early stage(6 cases),middle stage(8 cases) and late stage(8 cases) groups according to the progress of the disease.Meanwhile,19 tissue samples of 19 femoral heads were obtained from 19 cases of acute femoral neck fracture and set as a control group.The level of apoptosis of each group was compared in terms of the percentages of TUNEL positive osteocytes and empty osteocyte lacuna,and then the activity of Caspase-3 was detected by colorimetric method.Results Both the pecentages of empty osteocyte lacunae(F=45.43,P=0.000) and the TUNEL positive osteocytes(F=120.86,P=0.000) increased significantly with the progress of ANFH.The two indexes in the early and middle stage groups were significantly higher than those in the control(q=18.899,P0.05).Caspase-3 activity was not significantly related to the capacity of osteogenesis(r=0.126,P=0.425).Conclusions Caspase-3 is not the major executor of apoptosis in ANFH.It is very likely that it does not play a nonapoptotic role in the progress of the diseases.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficiency of the treatment with autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from blood from patients with HCC, then augmented by priming with interferon-gamma (IFN-?) followed by monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CD3 and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The autologous CIK cells thus obtained were infused back to individual patients. Altogether 30 patients undertook such treatment. The changes in subsets of lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DC1, DC2) in peripheral blood were assessed by using flow cytometry. Results The percentages of CD3 +, CD3 + CD8 + , CD3 + CD56 + , and CD25 + were increased significantly, and the proportions of DC1 and DC2 subsets were also increased after autologous CIK cells transfusion. Most (23 of 30) patients developed a fever 1-2 hours after CIK cells transfusion and the body temperature ranged from 37℃ to 40℃, lasting for 2-8 hours. Most (20 of 23) febrile patients recovered without any treatment, antipyretic medicine was given to 3 patients to allay the fever. The HCC symptoms were markedly relieved in most patients. No major side effects were found. Conclusion Our observation indicates that the treatment with autologous CIK cells for HCC patients is safe and efficacious.

According to relevant national laws and regulations, practitioner training was included into laboratory animal science teaching reform.By adjusting the training content and teaching method and use of animal models of typical human diseases, the transformation of training mode was realized and improved.By the assessment of basic theory in combination with practical operation, the thinking ability and hands-on skill of the practitioners are much improved. Through classroom instruction, experimental teaching, quality assessment and tracking survey, the evaluating process of the training quality of training teaching is performed.Therefore, the teaching reform of the laboratory animal science based on the training of practitioners is established.

Objective To study the effect of intestinal trefoil factor(ITF) on nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) in neonatal rats intestinal tissues with necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC),and to discuss whether ITF had protective function in NEC,and its role in the mechanism of NEC.Methods Fifty neonatal rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:group A as control group,group B as control plus ITF 0.2 mg group,group C as NEC group,group D as NEC plus normal saline(NS),group E as NEC plus ITF 0.2 mg.NEC models of neonatal rats were established.On the 4th day,all subjects were put to death.The intestinal tissue located at the boundary of ileum and cecum were obtained to observe histological changes and NF-?B level.Results The density of NF-?B(p65) increased significantly in group C and D compared with those in group A,B and E(Pa

Objective To estimate reliability of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in measuring liver stiffness of volunteers and patients with chronic liver disease and to assess inter-rater consistency.Methods MRE was performed on a 3.0 T scanner in all subjects,including 24 volunteers (control group) and 64 patients with liver disease (chronic liver disease group).Liver stiffness was measured blindly by two raters.The pathological fibrosis score was applied as a standard reference for liver fibrosis in 22 patients.The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate inter-rater reliability.The differences of liver stiffness between two groups were evaluated using non-parametric MannWhitney U test.Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation between fibrosis stages and liver stiffness.Results The intraclass correlation coefficient of liver stiffness was perfect (ICC =0.99,P ＜ 0.01)between two raters.There was significant difference of mean stiffness between control group and patient group (U =90.5,P ＜0.01) with(2.35 ±0.34) kPa and(4.17 ± 0.47) kPa,respectively.The correlation between fibrosis stage (3,3,5,5 and 6 patients in fibrosis stage S0,S1,S2,S3 and S4) and stiffness (2.13,3.25,3.82,5.45 and 7.35 kPa) was very strong (r =0.96,P ＜0.01).Conclusion MRE is a reliable and promising tool to measure liver stiffness and to assess liver fibrosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants.MethodsA total of 304 premature infants were selected who were diagnosed as sever intracranial hemor-rhage (grade III and IV) by cranial bedside ultrasound admitted to our hospital from Jun. 2013 to Sep. 2014. According to wheth-er the obstructive hydrocephalus was followed, all infants were divided into hydrocephalus group (n=59) and non-hydrocephalus group (n=185). The risk factors of obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to intracranial hemorrhage were analyzed and the lateral ventricle size was measured dynamically.ResultsThe univariate analysis showed the factors related with obstructive hydro-cephalus were as follows: gestational age≤32 weeks, birth weight< 1500g, severe asphyxia, cesarean section, RDS, neonatal infection, heart failure, PDA, acidosis, thrombocytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, and intracranial hemorrhage (gradeⅢ orⅣ) (allP<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that acidosis, thrombocytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, gesta-tional age≤ 32 weeks, severe asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage (gradeⅢ orⅣ) were independent risk factors for obstructive hydrocephalus (OR: 1.76~20.46, allP<0.05). At each time point after birth, the ratio of posterior horn of lateral ventricle was signiifcantly higher in hydrocephalus group than that in non-hydrocephalus group (P<0.05). There were signiifcant differences in the changes of the posterior horn ratio of left or right lateral ventricle with time in hydrocephalus group (P=0.000), increasing at 14 days and reaching the peak at 28 days after birth.ConclusionsThe risk factors for obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to intracranial hemorrhage in neonates are important. Regular and dynamical monitoring of ventricle size by cranial ultrasound is needed in infants with sever intracranial hemorrhage.

Objective To assess the screening capacity of Ezscan for abnormal glucose metabolism .Methods A total of 1 732 permanent residents of Chongqing city underwent physical examination from August 2013 to August 2014 were selected as subjects ,questionnair survey ,physical examination and Ezscan measurement were performed .Additionally ,the levels of fasting blood‐glucose(FPG) ,OGTT 2h blood glucose ,HbA1c and serum lipid were detected .Results The prevalence rate of abnormal glucose metabolism for residents with high Ezscan score was higher than that in those with low Ezscan score .The AUC of Ezscan screening for abnormal glucose metabolism was 0 .616 ,the optimum diagnosis tangent point was 24 .0% ,the sensitivity was 67 .0% .The optimum diagnosis tangent point of FPG was 5 .5 mmol/L for abnormal glucose metabolism ,the sensitivity and speci‐ficity was 70 .5% and 61 .7% respectively ,and the AUC was 0 .824 .The sensitivity of FPG for screening abnormal glucose metabo‐lism was 47 .2% ,when the cut‐off value of FPG was 6 .1 mmol/L .Conclusion The sensitivity of Ezscan for screening abnormal glucose metabolism is higher than that of FPG (when the cut‐off value was 6 .1 mmol/L) ,Ezscan can be used as an efficiency meth‐od for early detection of abnormal glucose metabolism in the asymptomatic population .

Objective To investigate the impact of fatty liver on antiviral effect in the patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) .Methods A total of 204 patients with hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg ) positive CHB in the outpatient department of our hospital from January 2011 to April 2014 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the two groups according to wheth‐er complicating fatty liver :the simple CHB group(control group ,122 cases) and CHB complicating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFID) group(observation group ,82 cases) .The two groups all received the 24‐week antiviral therapy of adefovir (10 mg/d) . The differences in the normalization rate of ALT/AST (biochemical response) ,HBeAg negative conversion rate (serological re‐sponse) and HBV DNA negative conversion rate(virological response) were compared between the two groups .Then the cases ob‐taining the virological response after treatment in the two groups were compared again .Among the cases obtaining virological re‐sponse,thedifferencesinthenormalizationrateofALT/AST(biochemicalresponse)andHBeAgnegativeconversionrate(serologi‐cal response) were compared between the simple CHB group and CHB complicating NAFID group .Results The normalization rate of ALT/AST after 24‐week treatment in the CHB complicating NAFID group was 58 .5% ,which was significantly lower than 72 .1% in the simple CHB group ,the difference was statistically significant ;the negative conversion rate of HBV DNA and HBeAg after 24‐week treatment in the simple CHB group was 67 .2% and 52 .5% ,which were significantly higher than 51 .2% and 37 .8%respectively ,the differences were statistically significant ;among the cases obtaining the virological response ,the normalization rate of ALT/AST in the simple CHB group was 96 .3% ,which was significantly higher than 66 .7% in the CHB complicating NAFID group ,the difference was statistically significant .But among the cases obtaining the virological response ,the negative conversion rate of HBeAg was 78 .0% in the simple CHB group and 73 .8% in the CHB complicating NAFID group ,the simple CHB group was slightly higher than the CHB complicating NAFID group without statistical difference .Conclusion NAFLD has impact on the antiviral effect of adefovir treatment in CHB patients with positive HBeAg ,whereas complicating NAFLD is an important reason for reaching the virological response and serological response ,but without reaching the biochemical response in the antiviral treatment of CHB complicating NAFID .

Objective:To compare the mental health between the urban mothers and rural mothers of children with cleft lip and pal-ate.Methods:1 68 mothers(including 1 24 rural and 44 urban)of the children with cleft lip and palate were included in the trial group and 82 mothers of normal children were included in the control group.The subjects were tested by the self-assessment symptom lists of SCL-90 for the evaluation and comparison of mental health.Results:The scores of nine dimensions of trial group in somatization, forcing symptoms,depression,anxiety,etc were significantly higher than those of the control group(P <0.05).The scores of nine di-mensions of rural group in somatization,forcing symptoms,depression,anxiety,etc were higher than those of the urban group,the ri-val,psychotic and total scores showed significant differences(P <0.05);Conclusion:The mental health status of mothers of children with cleft lip and palate is poorer than that of those of normal children.That of the rural mothers is poorer than that of the urban ones. Special attention should be paid to the mental health status of the parents of children with cleft lip and palate.