Thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy, ultrasonographically guided thyroid fine needle puncture and the common cytologic pathological characterstics of various thyroid diseases are reviewed, and the clinical application is discussed.

The article reviews primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategy of thyroid diseases and its possible effect.

OBJECTIVE:To calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and compartment model's parameters by extravascular administration based on Excel function.METHODS:The parameters of pharmacokinetics and compartment model were calculated using residual method and Excel function.RESULTS:Excel can be used to directly demonstrate calculation process of parameters of pharmacokinetics and compartment model,with calculation results in line with those stated in textbooks.CONC-LUSION:The established method is simple,direct-viewing,reliable and easy to be extended,and it can be used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters in clinical teaching or experiments.

Neonatal mortality has been significantly decreased because of the development of neo-natal respiratory support techniques. Nevertheless,constant and high frequency ventilators have some limita-tions to solve all problems in neonatal respiratory failure. Special mechanical ventilation,mainly including he-liox and partial liquid ventilation,provides new respiratory support for newborn infants. The clinical signifi-cance of heliox and partial liquid ventilation need further investigation.

The Montreux definition established in 2017 made it clear that the neonates can not be excluded from the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which supported the urge of emphasizing the specificity and importance of neonatal ARDS (nARDS) in the past ten years in China. Neonatal idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome is caused primarily by insufficient pulmonary surfactant system, which pathologically and clinically presented as typical respiratory distress syndrome. While the causes of nARDS often coexisted with underlying conditions, and its pathological and clinical features are a superposition of both respiratory distress syndrome and underlying conditions. Therefore, superimposition is the key to understanding the etiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of nARDS, which is crucial for optimizing the clinical practice of nARDS.

Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Larynx ; Tuberculosis, Laryngeal ; diagnosis

Objective To analyze the relationship of serum levels of TSH,thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb) with cytopathologic changes of thyroid fine needle aspiration(FNAB) in autoimmune thyroiditis(AIT).Methods Totally 82 cases of cytologically confirmed AIT including 75 females and 7 males were collected.Levels of TSH,TPOAb and TGAb were tested.After execution of FNAB,features of the cytopathology were observed.Results ① The percentage of positive TPOAb and TGAb were 91.4% and 74.4%,respectively in all the AIT patients.47.6% of the patients had TSH levels within normal range(0.3～5 mu/L).② All of the slides had different grades of lymphocytic infiltration.49.3% had germinal center,32.8% had Askanazy cells,26.9% had plasma cells,22.4% had colloid,and 9% had multinuclear giant cells.③ Lymphocytic infiltration was divided into four degrees.The levels of TSH and TPOAb increased significantly in the extremely heavy lymphocytic infiltration grade than in the others(P

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a quantitative evaluation on pharmaceutical research performance in our department. METHODS: Our department's annual research performance during 2001～2005 was scored by integrated weighting method. RESULTS: The research performance in our department over the five years achieved overall high scoring, especially in 2003 and 2004. CONCLUSION: Integrated weighting method can be used to evaluate pharmaceutical research performance.

OBJECTIVE:To establish quality control system by using modern scientific idea and advanced method in in?patient pharmacy.METHODS:Under the situation o f running authentication of ISO9001quality control system in our department,inpatient pharmacy should take the patients as focus to offer good and normative services to patients and clinical departments and continue to make our work better.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Implementation of ISO9001quality control system has standardized the management of quality of inpatient pharmacy as well as increased the patients'satisfaction.And satisfactory social and economical benefits have been obtained and self-perfect and continuous improvement have been realized in the inpatient pharmacy.

Background Acanthamoeba keratitis is a sort of serious infectious eye disease with high causing-blindness rate.Acanthamoeba keratitis often is misdiagnosed as fungal keratitis or viral keratitis in the early stage.Because conventional clinical diagnosis methods show a low specificity and take a long time,timely treatment often is delayed.Conventional PCR does not apply well because the lesion sample is not enough to extract DNA.However,direct PCR can amplify 18S rRNA conserved sequence of acanthamoeba keratitis without the extraction of DNA.Objective This study was to discuss the feasibility for rapid diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis using direct PCR to amplify the gene 18S rRNA fragment.Methods Ten acanthamoeba strains were isolated from 10 eyes with acanthamoeba keratitis in Qingdao Eye Hospital.The sensitivity of the direct PCR assay was tested using different numbers of amoebas.The specificity of the assay was tested using DNA extracted from acanthamoeba,candida albicans,pseudomonas aeruginosa,herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and normal human corneal epithelial cell.Acanthamoeba keratitis models were established using infected method in clean 6-week-old female BALB/c mice.Corneal lesion samples were obtained 1 day,3,5,7,10,15 days after modeled.The effectivity and feasibility of the direct PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis were evaluated and compared with culture method,corneal smear examination and real-time PCR.Results Direct PCR primers could only amplify DNA of acanthamoeba rather than other pathogens,and 10 stains of acanthamoeba were detected at least in each sample.During the development of acanthamoeba keratitis in the mice,the diagnosis positive rate of direct PCR was 80.0％,90.0％,80.0％,70.0％,70.0％ and 50.0％ in 1 day,3,5,7,10,15 days after modeled with the total positive rate 73.3％,which was higher than 31.7％ of culture method,56.7％ of corneal smear examination and 61.7％ of realtime PCR,with a significant difference between the direct PCR and culture method (P =0.005),but no significant difference was seen in the total positive rate between the direct PCR and real-time PC R (P =0.172) or corneal smear examination (P =0.056).Conclusions The direct PCR assay is a simple,rapid,highly specific and sensitive method for the rapid diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis,especially for the limited lesion sample.