Objective To build learning evaluation system and indicators connotation of problem-based in small-group teaching model.Methods Delphi technique was used to build learning evaluation system of problem-based for course of nursing education through a two-round expert consultation among 30 experts in Zhejiang province.Results The experts' authority coefficient was 0.89,determination coefficient was 0.90,and familiar confficient was 0.88.The finally learning evaluation system of problem-based for course of nursing education consisted of 3 first-level indicators,14t second-level indicators and 41 third-level indicators.The coordination coefficients of first-level indicators and second-level indicators were 0.37 and 0.31,respectively,there was significant difference,P＜0.01.Conclusion This project has a rigorous and reliable construction process with strong theoretical and practical significance,and could be used as a guidance and reference for problem-based in small-group teaching for course of nursing education.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of shikonin on the expression of RANTES and chemotactic activity of monocyte in endometriosis.Methods:Established SCID endometriosis models and cultured U937 cells were treated by a series of concentration of shikonin.RANTES transcriptive expression was determined by Real-time PCR,and RANTES secretion was determined by ELISA.Furthermore,Chemotaxis assay in vitro was conducted to elucidate the effect of shikonin on chemotaxis of U937 cells by RANTES.Results:Shikonin improved the RANTES transcription of human endometrium transplanted to SCID mouse(P

Objective To investigate the repair and protective effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on liver and bile duct after cardiac death in pig.Methods Eight pigs were purchased and cardiac arrest was induced by the administration of 1 g KCL intravenously,followed by 30 min cardiopulmonary resuscitation according to standard guideline.Cannulas were placed through inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta,and then connected to ECMO extracorporeal circulation pipes.ECMO was performed for 4 h.Circulation flow rate of hepatic artery and bile production were monitored and recorded.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) in bile were detected.Transaminase,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-13),hyaluronic acid (HA),endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) in serum were detected.Pathological change was observed by HE staining under optical microscope and cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.Results There was no bile production after cardiac death,which increased to 80％ of the baseline after 4h of ECMO.In addition,γ-GT,LDH and DBIL content in bile was (23.3 ± 11.8) IU/L,(15.9 ± 3.3) IU/L and (72.3 ± 21.4) mmol/ L,and IL-1,TNF-α and HA content in serum was (117.6 ± 39.0) ng/L,(120.4 ± 16.5) ng/L and (63.7 ± 4.4) ng/L,respectively,and no statistically significant differences were observed when compared with the baseline (all P ＞ 0.05).ET-1 content was (4.9 ± 1.3) ng/L and NO content was (135.3 ± 16.7)mmol/L in serum,which was statistically increased (both P ＜ 0.05).Pathological changes of liver and bile duct were significantly alleviated.Conclusion ECMO could exert protective effect on liver and bile duct after cardiac death.

AIM:To investigate the cause of blindness, except those caused by cataract, in Haimen city.METHODS:According to the WHO`s criteria of blindness, the blindness level was decided through ophthalmic tests by associate chief or chief ophthalmologists who were trained especially for disability evaluation.The analysis of the the leading cause were taken too.RESULTS:Totally 3 266 persons were blindness, in which 2 118 were first level blindness, 1 148 persons were second lever blindness, and 1 308 persons were male, 1958 were female.The leading cause of blindness were retina and uveitis diseases (31.58%), genetic diseases(23.47%), cornea disease(14.49%).CONCLUSION:The leading cause of blindness are retina and uveitis diseases, genetic diseases, cornea diseases in Haimen city of Jiangsu province.Early prevention and treatment should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of blindness.

Objective: To investigate influence of Wenxin particle on cardiac electrophysiology in rats complicated with depression after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: A total of 50 SD rats were randomly and equally divided into normal group, MI group, depression group, MI complicated with depression group (model group) and Wenxin particle group (Wenxin particle were given to model rats by gavage, 2 g/d, 28d). Model（MI complicated with depression）rats were made by acute ligation of left coronary artery and supply chronic unpredictable mild stress in order. The influences of Wenxin particle on cardiac electrophysiological indexes, such as monophasic action potential (MAP90), left ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were evaluated in Wenxin particle group. Results: (1) Compared with normal group, there were significant decrease in behavior scores (P<0.05) in model group, after four-week treatment with Wenxin particle, their behavior scores significantly increased (P<0.01); (2) Compared with normal group, there were significant increase in MAPD90 and ERP, and significant decrease in VFT in model group (P<0.05); compared with model group, there were significant decrease in MAPD90 [(89.33±7.12) ms vs. (72.29±8.37) ms] and ERP [(84.00±6.57) ms vs. (68.00±7.43) ms], and significant increase in VFT [(7±3.11)V vs. (29±5.60)V] in Wenxin particle group, P<0.05. Conclusion: Wenxin particle can improve cardiac electrical remodeling in rats complicated with depression after myocardial infarction, including decrease monophasic action potential duration and effective refractory period, and raise ventricular fibrillation threshold.

Objective To establish a stable and reliable model of brain death in swine, and to provide a more stable model for investigating pathomorphology in brain tissue and for studying transplantation immunology during brain death. Methods Base on the classic methodology of increasing epidural intracranial pressure, Codman intracranial pressure moni-toring probes were implanted in landrace pigs invasively. According to the relationship between ICP and MAP, brain death models were established by increasing intracranial pressure slowly and intermittently, with real-time monitoring of the intra-cranial pressure. Results Among twelve experimental landrace pigs, one died from anesthetic accident, while the rest elev-en were successfully established as brain death models. With effective respiratory and circulatory support, those brain death models can be maintained for (31.3 ± 4.7) h. Brain death model establishement is a stable and reliable process demonstrated by transcranial Doppler, EEG, ECG, mean arterial blood pressure and other monitoring methods. After brain death is con-firmed, animal models can be maintained for a long time. Conclusion Our methodology of inducing brain death model un-der ICP monitoring is stable and easy to be standardized. It can also provide a more stable model for studying brain tissue pathomorphology and transplantation immunology.

Objective To summarize the experience of orthotopic liver transplantation in pigs without veno-venous bypass.Method In general,Bama miniature pigs were used as both the donors and the recipients.Suprahepatic inferior vena cava and portal vein anastomosis was performed with running prolene sutures.After completion of the portal vein anastomosis,the graft was reperfused.Infrahepatic inferior vena cava anastomosis and hepatic artery anastomosis were performed in a similar fashion.Finally,the common bile duct was reconstructed.Result For all of the transplant procedures,the average cold ischemic time was 356.3 ± 66.4 min and anhepatic time 22.5 ± 2.6 min,and the average operative time was 185.7 ± 24.8 min.During the anhepatic phase,the central venous pressure (CVP) and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly lower than those at baseline (P＜ 0.05).Heart rate (HR),on the other hand,was increased significantly during the anhepatic phase (P＜0.05).By the time the portal vein and the hepatic artery were reperfused,and CVP and MAP were gradually elevated,and HR gradually reduced.All receptors were successfully extubated and awake after surgeries.On the third postoperative day they began to eat.All receptors survived during the intraoperative period,and the survival rate was 93.8％ (15/16) on the fifth postoperative day.One receptor was died on the third postoperative day due to abdominal infection.Conclusion This model has satisfactory stability and reproducibility.Without using any vasoactive substances,to maintain the MAP beyond 50 mmHg in the anhepatic phase and the short anhepatic time are important to perform successful liver transplantation.

Aim To explore the effect of 4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl retinate(ATPR)on proliferation,differentiation activity in K562 cell line,and to research the mechanisms.Methods Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay.Cell differentiation index was analyzed by NBT reduction test.Morphologic changes were observed by Wright's staining in the light microscope. Cell cycle was determined by FCM.The mRNA expression of Cyclin D1,Cyclin E,CDK2,CDK4,CDK6,P21cip1,P27kip1,P57kip2,PCNA mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.While the protein expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4 was detected by Western blot.Results The growth of K562 cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.NBT reduction test indicated that the ATPR could induce differentiation of K562 cells and increase the positive cell ratio.Morphologic changes were observed after Wright's staining using inverted phase contrast microscope.The proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase increased while S phase cells decreased.Cell cycle progression was blocked in the G1 phase.The expression of Cyclin E,cyclin D1,CDK2,CDK4,CDK6 mRNA decreased,while PCNA,P21 cip1,P27 kip1 change was not obvious,but P57 (kip2) mRNA expression was increased.Cyclin D1 and CDK4 protein expressions were reduced as well.Conclusions ATPR inhibits the growth of K562 cells and induces differentiation.P57 kip2 plays a key role in differentiation.Moreover,high level of P57kip2 is regulated via inhibiting its degradation through reducing proteasome-dependent proteolysis,and ATPR plays a role in cell cycle arrest.

Objective To discuss the application of transanal placement of ileus tube in treatment of colonic obstruction in left colorectal cancer.Methods Thirty-two patients with left malignant colorectal obstruction were divided into ordinary colonoscope group (16 cases) and superslim endoscope group (16 cases) by random digits table.The catheter success rate,catheter operating time and exposure to X-ray time was compared between two groups.Results Fifteen cases were successful and 1 case was failed in ordinary colonoscope group.Thirteen cases were successful and 3 cases were failed in superslim endoscope group.There was no significant difference in the catheter success rate between two groups (x2 =1.143,P =0.285).The catheter operating time was (42 + 15),(20 +6) min in ordinary colonoscope group and superslim endoscope group,and there was significant difference between two groups (t =3.895,P =0.005).The exposure to X-ray time was (20 + 12),(5 + 2) min,and there was significant difference between two groups (t =-3.596,P =0.007).Conclusion Transanal placement of ileus tube is more successful and convenient by superslim endoscope combined with anesthesia than by ordinary colonoscope.

A series of isoindoline derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their double inhibitory activities. All of them were new compounds, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and HR-MS. Preliminary in vitro pharmacological tests showed that all compounds exhibited 5-HT or NE reuptake inhibition activity. Among the tested compounds, compound I-3 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against 5-HT and NE reuptake in vitro, and exhibited potent antidepressant activity in vivo. These compounds designed can be further optimized for finding more potent 5-HT/NE dual reuptake inhibitors and antidepressant candidates as well.
Antidepressive Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Biological Transport ; Drug Design ; Isoindoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship