Objective To investigate pulmonary function in terms of tidal respiration and the influencing factors on it in ＜ 34 weeks premature infants with RDS at corrected gestational age of 40 weeks.Methods A total of 49 of ＜ 34 weeks premature infants with RDS (RDS group) and 36 of ＜ 34 weeks premature infants without RDS (non-RDS group) followed throughout entire twelve months were collected fromn December 2013 to October 2015.Of them,35 RDS patients and 20 non-RDS patients had the pulmonary function examination.A total of 26 full term infants with hyperbilirubinemia (full term group) were recruited for comparison study.The differences in parameters of tidal respiration were compared among the three groups.The RDS patients were further divided into the mild RDS subgroup and severe RDS subgroup according to the severity of illness.Result ①The TPEF [(0.17 ± 0.04) s vs.(0.23 ± O.09) s],VPEF [(6.74±2.70) mLvs.(9.33±2.92) mL],TPEF/TE [(29.06±4.21)％ vs.(38.27± 7.16) ％],VPEF/VE [(32.54 ± 4.43) ％ vs.(39.64 ± 5.88) ％] in RDS group were significantly lower than those in full term group (P ＜0.05).The TPEF [(0.19 ±0.06) s vs.(0.23 ±0.09) s],TPEF/TE [(30.31 ±11.53)％ vs.(38.27±7.16)％],VPEF/VE [(34.39±8.44)％ vs.(39.64±5.88)％] in non-RDS group were significantly lower than those in full termn group (P ＜ 0.05).The TPEF,TPEF/TE,VPEF/VE in RDS group were lower than those in non-RDS group,but the differences were not significant (P ＞ 0.05).②The TPEF,VPEF,TPEF/TE,VPEF/VE in mild RDS group were higher than those in severe RDS group,but the differences were.not significant (P ＞ 0.05).③ Logistic regression analysis indicated that the gestational age was the protective factor of pulmonary function in premature infants with RDS.Conclusions Small airway resistance in ＜ 34 weeks premature infants with RDS is higher than that in full term infants.There was no significant difference in pulmonary function between RDS premature infants and non-RDS premature infants.The gestational age was the influencing factor of pulmonary function in premature infants with RDS.

Objective To explore the effect of action research based on group learning in hospice care module for nursing students. Methods 82 students were divided into cooperative learning group (40) and conventional teaching group (42). The cognition and attitude of good death questionnaire was used to evaluate teaching effect before and after teaching of hospice care. After teaching, self-feedback and self-feedback questionnaire were made to evaluate the effect of cooperative learning group. SPSS 17 was used to make comparison of data between groups and within groups, and t test, chi square test or Fisher exact probability 2 were also used . Results There were no difference between two groups of nurses before teaching. The students' cognitive level and attitude in cooperative learning group increased significantly, especially their cognitive level of physiological needs (t=5.398, P=0.001), cognition and attitude of death education in intervention group was higher than control group (t=2.992, P=0.004; t=3.661, P=0.001). Although 95% of the nursing students of the cooperative learning group thought group cooperative studying could improve their interests and cultivated their comprehensive abilities, only 50% could accept this kind of studying methods . Conclusions Action research based on group cooperative studying can improve students' cognitive level and attitude of good death, and it is also good for cultivating their ability of au-tonomous learning, innovation, cooperation, and meanwhile, educational action research is a good way to improve both teaching effect and research ability of teacher staffs, but in practice, students' acceptance of group learning needs to be improved.

Objective To explore how the severity of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH)impact on physique and neurodevelopment in premature infants.Methods A total of 80 preterm infants with PIVH admitted to NICU of Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital from December 2013 to June 2015 were eligible.According to the Papile classification,the premature infants were divided into 4 groups.They were grade Ⅰ PIVH group,grade Ⅱ PIVH group,grade Ⅲ PIVH group and grade Ⅳ PIVH group.The infants with grade Ⅰ PIVH and grade Ⅱ PIVH belong to the low-grade PIVH group.The infants with grade Ⅲ PIVH and grade Ⅳ belong to the severe-grade PIVH group.All of them were regularly followed up for 12 months.Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants at 6 and 12-month correction age were assessed by using the 20 items neuromotor assessment applying for 0-1 year old and the Bayley scales of infant development-Ⅱ.The differences in physical and neurophysical development of premature infants among 4 groups were compared.Results There were no significant differences in physical growth indicators such as body weight,body length and the incidence of weight growth retardation among 4 groups (all P＞0.05).The incidence of neurobehavioral abnormalities in infants with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ PIVH was significantly higher than that of infants with grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ PIVH at 12-month correction age (21.05％ vs 3.28％,x2 =4.284,P=0.038).Physical development index(PDI) of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ PIVH infants was significantly higher than that of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ PIVH infants at 6-month correction age(F=11.500,P＜0.05).At 12-month correction age,grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ PIVH infants showed a significant higher mental development index(MDI) scores and PDI scores than those of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ PIVH infants(F=14.227,16.515,all P＜0.05).Of the 80 cases assessed,infants with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ PIVH had significantly higher rates of cerebral palsy(21.05％ vs 1.64％,x2 =6.300,P=0.012) and developmental delay (26.32％ vs 4.92％,x2=5.185,P=0.023) compared with grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ PIVH infants.Conclusions The severe PIVH can have negative effect on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants and might induce mental retardation,cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental disabilities.Therefore,the regular follow-up and early intervention in preterm infants with PIVH should be implemented to improve the quality of their lives.

Objective To explore the changes of serum gastrin(GAS),plasma motilin(MTL) and somatostatin(SST) in critically ill children with gastrointestinal dysfunction(GID).Methods According to pediatric critical illness score,75 cases were divided into greatly critical group(score90).Fifty cases of greatly critical and critical group were divided into GID group and non-GID group.The levels of serum GAS,plasma MTL and SST were detected on an empty stomach at acute stage and convalescence stage,comparing with those of normal control group,and then,the relationship between the levels of serum GAS,plasma MTL,SST and GID,the severity of disease were analyzed.Results At acute stage,the levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL of greatly critical group and critical group were higher than those of normal control group,the levels of plasma SST of greatly critical group and critical group were lower than that of normal control group,the more severe condition of critical children,the higher level of serum GAS and plasma MTL,the lower level of plasma SST.At convalescence stage,the level of serum GAS and plasma MTL of the greatly critical group and critical group decreased and the level of plasma SST increased.The levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL of GID group were higher than those of non-GID group,but the level of plasma SST of GID group was lower than that of non-GID group.Conclusion The level of serum GAS,plasma MTL and SST can be used to assess the severity of illness and prognosis,judge the change of disease and determine the efficacy of treatment programs,and detect gastrointestinal functional lesion.

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Hamartoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Leiomyoma ; pathology ; Microfilament Proteins ; metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth ; pathology ; Phyllodes Tumor ; pathology

BACKGROUND:Domestic and international studies have confirmed that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s could be induced to differentiate into islet-like cel s, but little is reported about the changes of insulin and nestin expressions during the differentiation phase. OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of insulin and nestin expressions during the differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s into islet-like cel s. METHODS:Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s were cultured using UltraCULTURE medium in vitro. Stem cel s were cultured for three generations to observe cel morphological changes under an inverted microscope, to test immunophenotype by flow cytometry, and to identify the capacity of osteogenesis and adipogenic differentiation. Induction protocol was divided into two stages. In stage 1, stem cel s were induced for 14 days in the UltraCULTURE medium with 4 nmol/L activin A, 25μg/L epidermal growth factor, 100μg/Lβ-nerve growth factor, 10 mmol/L nicotinamide. In stage 2, the cel s were cultured in the UltraCULTURE medium with 1%insulin-transferin-selenium, 10 mmol/L nicotinamide, 10μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor for an additional 14 days. The expressions of nestin and insulin in those differentiated cel s were tested by flow cytometry, and zinc ion expression in the islet-like cel clusters was identified by dithizone staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the differentiation process, the insulin level was increased gradual y in the induction group and reached a higher level on day 28, but the insulin expression showed negative in the control group. In addition, on day 14 of induced differentiation, the nestin expression reached the peak and then gradual y reduced along with the prolonged inductive time. On day 28 of induction, islet-like cel clusters formed and were positive for dithizone staining. In this experiment, the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s were successful y induced and differentiated into islet-like cel s, accompanied with the variation of insulin and nestin expression.

A high productive poly ?-glutamic acid(?-PGA) strain PGA-N in a culture medium containing no L-glutamine was isolated from fermentation products.With the following identifications of colony mor-phology,physiological and biochemistry experiments,and genetics,the strain PGA-N was classified as a Bacillus licheniformis.According to the product environment,the base culture medium having no L-glutamine was simulated.In order to enhance the production of the strain PGA-N,the fermentation condi-tions,such as carbon source,nitrogen source,were optimized and the ?-glutamic acid production reached 5.16 g/L after getting the optimum formulation of this culture medium.PGA-N was mutagenized with com-bination of NTG and UV.A mutant PGA-N-C10 was screened which PGA production was increased from 5.16 g/L to 8.82 g/L.The study also investigated the effects of agitation speed on the cell biomass,?-PGA production and the ?-PGA molecular weight.The ?-PGA yield of PGA-N-C10 was as high as 11.00 g/L when the agitation speed was 400 r/min.

Acetic acid bacteria are Gram-negative,obligate aerobic bacteria that have the ability to incompletely oxidize alcohols or sugars to organic acids as end products. The taxonomy of acetic acid bacteria has undergone many changes in the last 30 years. The early classification systems for these bacteria were based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Today,the acetic acid bacteria are classified as the consensus result of a polyphasic analysis,combining phenotypic,chemotaxonomic and genotypic data. This paper reviewed the polyphasic taxonomy of acetic acid bacteria,mainly introduced the current classification of acetic acid bacteria,then discussed the application of phenotypic,chemotaxonomic and genotypic method in the taxonomy of acetic acid bacteria.

ABSTRACT:To explore the feasibility of DNA barcoding in the identification of sandflies ,the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes of 9 dominant species in China from three genera in the Phlebotominae were studied .The in‐traspecies and interspecies genetic distances were calculated using the Kimura‐2‐parameter model ,and the phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by neighbor‐joining (NJ) method .Results showed that all of sandflies species were successfully distinguish‐ed by the phylogenetic trees .The average intraspecific genetic distance (0 .8% ) was much less than the average interspecific ge‐netic distance (11 .2% ) .The study based on COI sequences indicates that the sandflies from China could be well distinguished with the commonly used COI barcodes ,which are potentially well utilized in sandflies species identification .

Objective To explore the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)combined with non -alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)and serum adiponectin (APN)and its clinical significance.Methods A total of 76 patients who were initially diagnosed with T2DM or had been diagnosed with T2DM for less than three years and admitted to the endocrine department and its outpatient clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University from August 2011 to July 2013 were selected as the subjects,and were assigned to group A or B,each consisting of 38 patients,based on the presence or absence of associated NAFLD.Another 30 healthy subjects receiving physical examination were assigned to the control group (NC group).The indicators including body mass index (BMI),blood lipids,blood glucose,liver function,insulin resistance index (HOMA -IR)and serum APN,were measured and compared among the groups. Results In group A ,the indicators including BMI,triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein -cholesterol (LDL -C),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),fasting insulin (FINS)and HOMA -IR were significantly higher than those in group B and NC group,and the APN level was significantly lower than that in group B and NC group (P <0.05).Pearson correlation analysis indicated that APN was negatively correlated with BMI,TG,high density lipoprotein -cholesterol(HDL -C),and HOMA -IR,and positively correlated with TC,LDL -C and ALT(P <0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that HDL -C and HOMA -IR was the independent influencing factors for APN (P <0.05).Conclusion Severe insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolic disorders are present in T2DM patients combined with NAFLD,and adiponectin level is of vital significance for the development and progression of NAFLD.