NF-?B, a group of important transcription factors, are introduced and discussed here on several aspects: their component and molecular structure; their activity control by I?B and IKK, the mechanism of their activation; their important roles in transcriptional regulation for large numbers of genes; and their importance in immunity, inflammation, cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis. The analysis of the relation between NF-?B and disease occurrence, the analysis of the relation between NF-?B and disease therapy, and the application prospect of the new strategy regarding the novel drug design and correlative diseases therapy on the basis of NF-?B as the target, are also included.

Objective To explore the effect of action research based on group learning in hospice care module for nursing students. Methods 82 students were divided into cooperative learning group (40) and conventional teaching group (42). The cognition and attitude of good death questionnaire was used to evaluate teaching effect before and after teaching of hospice care. After teaching, self-feedback and self-feedback questionnaire were made to evaluate the effect of cooperative learning group. SPSS 17 was used to make comparison of data between groups and within groups, and t test, chi square test or Fisher exact probability 2 were also used . Results There were no difference between two groups of nurses before teaching. The students' cognitive level and attitude in cooperative learning group increased significantly, especially their cognitive level of physiological needs (t=5.398, P=0.001), cognition and attitude of death education in intervention group was higher than control group (t=2.992, P=0.004; t=3.661, P=0.001). Although 95% of the nursing students of the cooperative learning group thought group cooperative studying could improve their interests and cultivated their comprehensive abilities, only 50% could accept this kind of studying methods . Conclusions Action research based on group cooperative studying can improve students' cognitive level and attitude of good death, and it is also good for cultivating their ability of au-tonomous learning, innovation, cooperation, and meanwhile, educational action research is a good way to improve both teaching effect and research ability of teacher staffs, but in practice, students' acceptance of group learning needs to be improved.

Objective To explore the effects of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation,which is aimed at providing new molecular targets for the treatment of osteoporosis.Methods Bone marrow was collected from adult men and the BMSCs were cultured primarily and observed by microscope.Meanwhile,flow cytometry was used for BMSCs phenotypic identification;After transfection of pcDNA3.1/Egr-1 into BM SCs,the level of BMSCs proliferation was determined by MTT respectively on the 2 d,4 d and 6 d;On the 7 d after transfection,the ALP activity assay was used for testing the ALP activity in BMSCs.And then,alizarin red S-calcium kit was used for measuring the calcified knots respectively on the 7 d,14 d and 21 d;On the 21 d after transfection,real-time qPCR and Western blotting were used respectively for measuring the expression of mRNA and protein of Egr-1,Runx2 and NDRG1;Further,BMSCs were transfected with Egr-1 siRNA,and the content of calcium nodules,ALP activity,the expression of Egr-1,Runx2 and NDRG1 were detected as above methods.Results The cells cultured in vitro showed high level of CD90 and CD29 and very low level of CD34 and CD45,which is accorded with the characteristic of BMSCs.The pcDNA3.1/Egr-1 transfection for BMSCs had no effect on cells prolifera tion.However,the calcified knots,ALP activity and the expression of Egr 1,Runx2 and NDRG1 were increased after transfection of pcDNA3.1/Egr-1 for BMSCs.In addition,Egr-1 siRNA showed the opposite effect with pcDNA3.1/Egr-1 transfection for BMSCs.Conclusion Egr-1 induces osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by promoting NDRG1 but has no effects on proliferation of BMSCs.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meconium ; Peritonitis ; etiology

Objective To couple folate with chitosan and prepare folate-coupled chitosan by different connection ratio.Methods The folate-coupled chitosan was prepared by the reaction of the activated folate ester with the amine group on the chitosan.Then the folate-coupled chitosan was verified by infrared spectroscopy.The number of folates in each of the chitosans was measured by UV spectrophotometry.Results Infrared spectroscopy showed that the folate-coupled chitosan was prepared successfully,and the number of folates in each chitosan was approximately 3,10,20 and 30.Conclusion Coupling of folate with chitosan was successful,and folate-coupled chitosan by different connection ratio was successfully prepared.

BackgroundHigh myopia is one of leading causes of blindness,so far the pathogenesis remains unclear.Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs6885224 and rs12716080 in CTNND2 gene were recently found to be associated with high myopia in Singaporean Chinese.But whether these SNPs are related with the pathogenesis of high myopia in Han Chinese is worth studying,Objective This study was to investigate the relationship between the genetic variations of the CTNND2 gene and high myopia in Han Chinese.MethodsA case-controlled association study was designed.Nine hundred and thirty-three individuals with high myopia and 1227age- and gender-matched normal subjects were included in this study.The 5 ml of periphery blood was obtained from all subjects for the extraction of genomic DNA.The target DNA was amplified using PCR and purified by the SNaPshot method.Four SNPs rs12716080,rs917012,rs6885224 and rs16901340 in the CTNND2 gene were genotyped.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Sichuan Provincial People Hospital.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before his/her enrollment.Results The frequencies of the genotypes rs6885224,rs12716080,rs917012,rs16901340 SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) ( P=0.181,0.085,0.732,0.313,0.264,0.663,0.084,0.196).There were no significant differences in genotypes frequency distribution ( in turn P =0.654,0.406,0.828,0.403 ) and allele frequency distribution of the CTNND2 gene ( in turn P =0.377,0.209,0.743,0.198) between the high myopia group and normal control group.The haplotypes (TA and GA)frequencies of rs12716080 and rs917012 in the high myopia group were significantly different from those of the normal control group(TA:0.784 vs.0.719;GA:0.087 vs.0.136) (x2 =6.115,P=0.013 ;x2 =6.634,P=0.010),but those of GG were similar between the high myopia group and normal control group ( 0.123 vs.0.143,x2 =0.889,P =0.346). ConclusionsThe SNPs rs12716080,rs917012,rs6885224 and rs16901340 in CTNND2 gene were not responsible for high myopia,however,the haplotypes of rs12716080 and rs917012 are susceptible for high myopia in Han Chinese.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of large pulmonary vessel involvement in Behcet's diseaseMethods The clinical data of Behcet's disease patients with large pulmonary vessel involvement,who were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1983 to 2008,were retrospectively analyzed.Results Thirteen patients had large pulmonary vessel involvement among a total of 418 patients with Behcet's disease.The 13 patients had a mean age of (37.5?12)years old,with 10(69.2%)having hemoptysis,8(61.5%)having dyspnea.Helical CT/CTPA showed that pulmonary vascular involvement included pulmonary arterial aneurysms(53.8%),pulmonary artery occlusion(46.2%),and pulmonary thrombi(46.2%).All the 13 patients were treated with steroid and immunosuppressant;five received steroid pulse therapy;and four received vascular intervention therapy.The mean follow-up was (3?1.6)years,with a follow-up rate of 92.5%.The 3-year survival rate was 83.9% for the 13 patients.Conclusion The manifestation of pulmonary vascular involvement in Behcet's disease is various,and the diagnosis mainly depends on the manifestations of CT pulmonary angiography.

Based on the principle of binocular stereopsis, three-dimensional reconstruction of the nucleus isthmus (NI) in the frog (Rana nigromaculata) has been realized by using a microcomputer system. The histological techniques used were somewhat different from conventional ones in that two pin holes, which were regarded as fiducial points to ensure an accurate alignment of the outlines of microstructures in the serial sections during three-dimensional computer reconstructing, were made in the tissue block with a micropipette before it was cut. All operations such as collection of outline-data of the microstructures, data processing and drawing output were all under control of the software. Three-dimensional morphology of NI and its location in the midbrain have been demonstrated by the stereopairs. Its dimensions measured on the basis of the reconstruction is 500 (caudorostal)?810 (dorsoventral)?810 (mediolateral)?m. The significance of three-dimensional computer reconstruction for accurately measuring the dimensions of NI and other biological microstructures and for the study of histological morphology are discussed.

According to the principle of shading, the nucleus isthmi (NI) from the frog (Rana nigromaculata) and lizard (Gekko gekko) were reconstructed in three-dimensions by using a microcomputer system. The dimensions and volume of NI in the two species were measured. A comparison of the three-dimensional structure of NI from the frog, lizard and pigeon indicates that the more advancedis is the species of lower vertebrates in evolution, the more complex is the three-dimensional structure of their NI.

Objective To discuss the therapeutic effect of ulinastatin combined with dexamethasone on blast-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rabbits.Methods Thirty-eight New Zealand white rabbits with blast-induced ALI were divided into four groups according to the random number table:injury group (n =8),treatment group Ⅰ (dexamethasone alone,n =10),treatment group Ⅱ (ulinastatin alone,n =10),combination therapy group (dexamethasone + ulinastatin,n =10).In addition,8 uninjured rabbits were randomly selected as control group.Treatment groups were given relevant medication by intramuscular injection at 0.5,12,24,36 and 48 hours after successful modeling.Injury group and control group were given equal volume of isotonic saline at the same time.Parameters of respiratory rate,oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2),TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and neutrophil elastase (NE)were detected before and afterfirst treatment at 6,24,48 and 72 hours.All rabbits were sacrificed after 72 hoars to detect TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and NE contents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and to measure wet to dry lung weight ratio.HE staining was performed to observe pathological changes of lung tissues Results In contrast,respiratory rate was high in injury group at each time point,which increased to the peak (75.0 ± 7.4) times/min at 6 hours far higher than (33.0 ± 4.5) times/min in control group (P ＜0.01).Wet to dry lung weight ratio and TNF-α,IL-6 as well as IL-8 contents of the peripheral blood and BAI.F in injury group were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜0.01).PaO2/ FiO2 in injury group was decreased to the lowest level of (180.5 ± 12.6)mmHg at 72 hours far lower than (403.7-8.0)mmHg in control group (P ＜0.01).While improvements were observed in treatment groups with respect to these indicators,and significantly much better results were detected in combination therapy group rather than in treatment groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Ulinastatin combined with dexamethasone is an effective therapy on blast-induced ALI in rabbits,and the effect is significantly better than that with single use of uliinastatin or dexamethasone.