Background Cytokines play a crucial role in mediating immune tolerance or immune rejection of corneal transplantation.However,the study on the expression of cytokines in corneal graft is seldom.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to investigate the change of cytokine expression in allografts at different time points after corneal transplantation.Methods BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice aged 6 to 8-week old were used to establish autologous and allografts keratoplasty models.BALB/c mouse was use as donor and receipt in autologous group,and the cornea of C57BL/6 mouse was used to graft on the BALB/c mouse in the allografts group.The graft inflammation was clinically scored,and graft inflammatory scores of ≥5 or opaciflcation scores of ≥2 were identified as rejection.BALB/c mice were randomized into normal control group(3 mice)and allografts group(15 mice).Reverse transcriptPCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA,interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA,IL-10mRNA and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) mRNA in graft 6 hours and 1 day,3,7,14 days after operation.Results The corneal graft opacification score was ＜2 and inflammatory score was ＜5 in the 10 mice with autologous keratoplasty until 60 days with the survival rate 100％.The edema,opacification and new blood vessel were seen in the BALB/c mice received allografts keratoplasty.The inflammatory score was ≥ 5 and the opacification score was ≥2 24 days after surgery with the rejection rate 100％,in the allografts group,and the graft survival time was (17.80±4.66)days.RT-PCR showed that IL-4 and IFN-γ were positively expressed,and IL-10 and TNF-α were absently expressed in normal mouse cornea.In the allografts keratoplasty mice,positive responses for IL-4,IFN-γ and IL-10 were found in 6hours after operation,but TNF-α was absent.From 1 day through 3 days after operation,the expressions of IL-4,IFN-γand TNF-α were enhanced but IL-10 was disappeared in the graft.IL-10,IFN-γ and TNF-α were expressed till the 7th day,but on the 14th day,only IL-10 was detected in graft in the allografts keratoplasty mice.Conclusions TNF-αis a main factor among the variety of cytokines that may influent corneal allograft rejection locally.

Objective To explore the relationship between the stromal angiogenesis and growth of the large intestinal carcinoma. Methods The vascular quantitative parameters(, , Sv, TA/BA) of the distal and proximal ends of the carcinoma, the center of the carcinoma, and the intestinal mucosa of distal and proximal ends of carcinoma were analyzed with computerized image. Differentiation degree of tumor cell was observed microscopically. Results Of the 48 cases studied, significant differences( P

Objective To provide the theoretic basis for the clearance of the metastatic lymph nodes in radical operation of colorectal carcinoma(CRC) by means of exploring the relationship between mass size of both tumor and lymph nodes and the rate of lymph node metastasis. Methods A total of 702 lymph nodes from 57 cases of CRC radical operations were divided into 5 groups and each of the lymph nodes was examined. The size of lymph nodes, Dukes' phases, the pathological types of CRC and their metastasis rate were analyzed. Results ① High metastasis rate was found at Dukes' C and D phases of CRC, being 29.93% and 48.12%, respectively. ② The metastasis rates of mucous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma were the highest of all pathological types, being 59 52% and 59.26%, respectively. ③ Metastasis rate of lymph nodes was not correlated with the mass size of tumor, but correlated with Dukes' phase. Conclusion ① Metastasis rate of lymph nodes increases with the growth and infiltration of tumor. ② Metastasis rates of mucous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma are higher than those of well and mid differentiated carcinomas. ③ Metastasis may be suggested for lymph node of CRC more than 5 mm in diameter during operation. However, clearance of lymph node of CRC less than 5 mm in diameter needs further study.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism by which curcumin affects TNF-αand IL-8 production in Propionibactierium acnes-induced THP-1 cells. Methods THP-1 cell viability was determined by CCK8 assay. The productions of TNF-α and IL-8 were detected by ELISA assay. Total RNA and proteins were collected for real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results Curcumin didn′t significantly affect the cell viability at 12 h. It decreased Propionibactierium acnes-induced productions of TNF-αand IL-8 in THP-1 cells. Moreover, it decreased TLR2, NF-κB p65, and P-NF-κB p65 expressions in THP-1 cells. Conclusions Curcumin may reduce TNF-α and IL-8 expressions in Propionibactierium acnes-induced THP-1 cells by inhibiting TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the effect of boiled fenugreek seeds on renal matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) activity in diabetic rats.Methods The model of diabetes was built with STZ in rats.The model rats were randomly divided into diabetes control groups (DM ) (n=10) and fenugreek seeds groups(FN) (n=10,and while normal control group (N) (n=10)rats was used.Diabetic rats were treated with fenugreek seeds for 12 weeks,the renal morphology and MMP-2 activity were observed in three groups .Results After diabetic rats were treated with fenugreek seeds for 12 weeks,optical microscopic examination indicated that the glomerular structure in N group was normal,the glomerular lesions in rats of DM groups were seriously and the pathologic changes of glomerular in rats of FN groups were alleviated significantly.Immunohistochemical results showed that the Col Ⅳ expression in glomerular ECM was increased in DM group compared with N group,and was decreased in FN group.The activity of MMP-2 was increased in FN group (1.41?0.18) compared with DM group (1.05?0.19) (P

Objective: To study the effects of vitamin E and selenium on apoptosis and c-Myc expression in human leukemia cells. Methods: DNA gel electrophoresis and Northern blotting hybridization were used to detect the apoptosis and the expression of c-Myc gene, respectively. Human leukemia cell line HL-60 and K562 were cultured in vitro. Results: The apoptosis of HL-60 and K562 cells were induced after being exposed to vitamin E (100 ?mol/L) and selenium (8 ?mol/L) for 24 hours, respectively. In HL-60 cell line, c-Myc mRNA was down-regulated significantly by vitamin E(100 ?mol/L),but not selenium(8 ?mol/L).In contrast, the expression of c-Myc gene was repressed by selenium(8 ?mol/L) and not by vitamin E(100 ?mol/L) in K562 cell. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that c-Myc down-regulation and induction of apoptosis by selenium and vitamin E are important pathways in repressing leukemia cell proliferation.The results suggest there are different mechanisms of repressing leukemia cell proliferation for selenium and vitamin E.

Objective To explore the effects of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)-induced autophagy osteoclasts on bone disso-lution animal models ,and study the mechanism of PMMA particle-induced pyrophosphate osteolysis .Methods 30 8-week-old BALB / c mice were randomly divided into two groups ,sterile air with back injection on mice to form airbag and homologous skulls were implanted into experimental group mice were injected with PMMA particles ,the control group were injected with physiological saline .After 14 d ,the mice were killed ,osteoclast activation related gene (RANK / RANKL ) and autophagy morphological exami-nation of the the airbags tissue and the skull were detect .Results The tartrate-resistant enzyme staining (TRAP)-positive osteo-clasts(21 .31 ± 6 .32)s of experiment group is significantly higher than that of the control group (7 .45 ± 3 .23) ,immunohisto-chemistry showed that autophytic protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) and Beclin 1 antibody staining score level in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group .RT-PCR showed that the RANK mRNA level(1 .35 ± 0 .05) of experimental group was significantly increased(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The autophagy induce by PMMA is involved in the formation of osteolysis .

Objective To explore the influence of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) on interleukin-6(IL-6) in neonatal rat with necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC) ,and to discuss the protective machanism of ITF on NEC.Methods Thirty-two neonatal rats were divided randomly into four groups,group A as control group,group B as NEC group,group C as NEC+NS 0.2 mL group,group D as NEC+ITF 0.2 mg group.NEC model of neonatal rats were established.On the 4th day,all the subjects were put to death.Intestinal tissue within the boundary of ileum and cecum was obtained to observe histological changes.Other intestinal tissue was treated into homogenate.After the homogenate was centrifuged,supernates were used to test the density of IL-6.Results The density of IL-6 significantly decreased in group A,D than those in group B and C (Pa0.05).The pathological lesions indicated that intestinal tissue necrosis was severe in group B and C,which was graded as 3 points,but obviously lessen in group D,which was graded as 1 point,with ITF interfering.Conclusions Intestinal inflammation is ameliorated after ITF are injected hypodermically or intraperitoneally.ITF may provide a brand-new way for the therapy of NEC in neonatal rats.

Objective: To establish the method of purifying astragaloside. Methods: Astrageloside was determined by HPLC fingerprinting to compare macroporous resin absorbing method with extraction refine by n butyl alcohol. Results: The HPLC fingerprints of each method were difference. Conclusion: AB 8 macroporous resin is better than the others for purifying astrageloside.

Objective To explore clinical features and prognosis of patients with hereditary nonpolypnsis colorectal cancer(HNPCC).Methods Twenty-four kindreds of Chinese HNPCC according to Amsterdam standard were enrolled and their pedigree trees were drawn.Clinicopathological and follow- up data were collected,clinical features and prognosis of 24 kindreds of Chinese HNPCC were analyzed as well.Results Among 24 H NPCCkindreds,there were 116 cases of cancer including 16 cases of multiple cancers in probands and 9 cases of multiple cancers in the members of kindreds.The age of patients ranged from 19 to 74.Of all the patients,there were 120 loci of colorectal cancers and 32 foci of HNPCC related extracolonic cancers.Among probands of 24 HNPCC kindreds,the average incidence age of onset- ring first colorectal cancer was 42.5,the male and right-side colon cancer patiens were more than female and left-side colon cancer patiens,respectively.The most pathologic type was tubular adenocarcinomas with moderately differentiation,which accounted for 45.8%(11/24).Up to the deadline of follow-up, 14 cases had survived for more than 5 years accounting for 58.3%(14/24) Of them,9 cases survived for more than 10 years and 1 case survived for 27 years.Conclusions Chinese patients with HNPCC have special characteristics such as moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas,early onset of coloreetal cancer,right-side colon involvement.